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Este trabalho analisa o processo de servitização de diferentes fornecedores na cadeia produtiva do café no Brasil. Foi realizada uma revisão da literatura sobre sistemas produto-serviço (SPS) para estabelecer uma estrutura para identificar a tipologia de serviços no setor agrícola. Os resultados destacaram que a prestação de serviços "menos avançados" não é uma condição necessária para que a empresa ofereça serviços "mais avançados". Entretanto, as características das propriedades rurais parecem afetar o número de serviços associados aos fornecedores de máquinas. Os resultados ajudam os gerentes desse setor a identificar as ofertas de serviços e ampliam a discussão sobre servitização, ao abranger um setor pouco explorado.

In the pursuit of increasing efficiency, productivity and flexibility at production lines and their corresponding workstations, manufacturing companies have started to heavily invest in “collaborative workspaces” where close interaction between humans and robots promises to lead to these goals that neither can achieve on their own. Therefore, it is necessary to know the contributions, recommendations and guidelines that literature presents in terms of designing a manufacturing workplace where humans and cobots interact with each other to accomplish the defined objectives. These aspects need to be explored in an integrated and multidisciplinary way to maximize human involvement in the decision chain and to promote wellbeing and quality of work. This paper presents a systematic literature review on designing human-robot collaboration (HRC) workspaces for humans and robots in industrial settings. The study involved 252 articles in international journals and conferences proceedings published till 2019. A detailed selection process led to including 65 articles to further analysis. A framework that represents the complexity levels of the influencing factors presented in human-robot interaction (HRI) contexts was developed for the content analysis. Based on this framework the guidelines and recommendations of the analysed articles are presented in three categories: Category 1 – the first level of complexity, which considers only one specific influencing factor in the HRI. This category was split into two: human operator, and technology; Category 2 – the second level of complexity, includes recommendations and guidelines related to human-robot team’s performance, and thus several influencing factors are present in the HRI; and, finally, Category 3 – the third level of complexity, where recommendations and guidelines for more complex and holistic approaches in the HRI are presented. The literature offers contributions from several knowledge areas capable to design safe, ergonomic, sustainable, and healthy human-centred workplaces where not only technical but also social and psychophysical aspects of collaboration are considered.

Paper aims This study analyzes the comprehension of production engineering students about the influence of some key variables on the process performance measures in a service process. Originality This paper points out the need for educators to re-evaluate their approaches to teaching the Operations Management (OM) principles related to process flow measures. Research method This study used scenario-based role-playing experiments with 2×2×2 between-subject factorial design with three independent variables (variability of activities, capacity utilization, and resource pooling) and four dependent variables related to key internal process performance measures (Flow Time, Overall Quality of service, Quality of service employees, and Queue Size). The sample was composed of 178 undergraduate production engineering students from a large university in Brazil from various institution units. Main findings These results show that students perceived the use of resource pooling as an impactful practice. However, the students did not correctly identify the effects of increasing resource utilization and the variability on flow time and queue size when activities are pooled. Implications for theory and practice The teaching of basic concepts of OM requires the support of computational tools. Undergraduate courses that contemplate subjects in the field of OM should work more intensely on simulation-based learning.

The need of lockdown, due to COVID-19, led many manufacturing companies to accelerate the adoption of digital technologies. Manufacturing companies were strongly affected by workforce shortages associated with the spread of COVID-19 and the lockdown, as well by connectivity losses among business partners. Therefore, these companies are reviewing their strategies to increase productivity, mainly embracing digital manufacturing technologies. Here the adoption of digital technologies aims to improve efficiency and flexibility in their processes, also improving connectivity among business partners. This study investigates how collaborative academia-industry R&D cases accelerated the adoption of digital technologies by manufacturing companies, given the current COVID-19 pandemic situation. Based on multiple case studies, this article reports the challenges and the strategies of three ongoing collaborative industry-academia R&D projects developed during the COVID pandemic situation. The results are presented in four different perspectives derived from industry 4.0 readiness maturity models: interpersonal communication, personal competencies and skills, systems integration, and technological strategy. It highlights the importance of manufacturing companies to have a well-designed digitalization strategy, need of continuous training and development of their workforce, and the support of Research & Technology Organizations (RTO) to bring more maturity to the efforts required during a turbulent situation. The results of this paper can provide relevant decision support for manufacturing companies, and its stakeholders, in face of challenges of the actual pandemic and post-pandemic scenario.

Technological breakthroughs, such as the Internet of Things, Big Data repositories, artificial intelligence or additive manufacturing, are triggering a Fourth Industrial Revolution. This new revolution, also known as Industry 4.0, is characterized by the combination of physical and digital worlds in digital ecosystems that connect the different members in the value chain from clients to suppliers and distributors. Companies are redefining their strategies based on this new paradigm to obtain a competitive advantage. They aim to achieve more efficient and flexible productive processes that can produce high-quality products at low costs, investing on mass customization to satisfy their clients. Accordingly, governments are implementing support programs that create a suitable environment for the adoption of technological innovation strategies by the companies. Although some programs may diverge in some objectives, they all aim to promote workers' skills adaptation, technological supply development, and business modernization. The Portuguese Government also released its program for Industry 4.0 support, known as Portugal i4.0, which is intended to stimulate Portuguese economy digitalization. Furthermore, in latest years, it has been supporting projects through European funds mobilizations from Portugal 2020 program. The present study analyses whether companies that received financial support from Portuguese government to implement innovative projects, within the Industry 4.0 paradigm, were able to improve economic and financial performance and competitivity gains. For such purpose, it was applied an inference statistical method to analyse the differences verified in economics and financial indicators between the periods before and after projects implementation in a selected group of companies.

Technological evolution has continuously driven the development of industries and consequently of society. The fourth industrial revolution consists in the combination of a set of physical and digital technologies that has been changing systems’ operations within industries.

The development of the Internet created new technologies that are changing the way of doing business, particularly Industry 4.0 in current days. One challenge of the implementation of new technologies is the change required from companies' business models. However, the literature concerning Industry 4.0 is mainly focused on technological innovations and less in their impact on business models. This paper aims to understand the impacts of the digitalization process inherent to Industry 4.0 on business models. To achieve this purpose, an exploratory multiple-case study based on semi-structured interviews was conducted in two Portuguese medium companies from two different sectors. Findings show that besides companies being able to change to a customer-oriented approach, individualized mass production may not be the only purpose of this transformation. Networking is particularly appealing for small and medium enterprises, once they usually have fewer resources to dedicate to innovation projects. Additionally, in the era of globalization, logistic costs are still an obstacle for serving international markets. Finally, social media are seen as an internal tool of communication for business-to-business companies. Being one of the first empirical studies of the Portuguese context, it aims to diminish the lack of literature concerning this particular topic and enable future researches on the use of business models as a management tool. Secondly, it intends to help managers develop or redesign business models adjusted to a more dynamic and competitive environment.

Project management is a critical success factor for any kind of project. When projects involve complex multi-organisational structures, requiring demanding collaborative processes, project management is a complex system in itself. Although this topic has been studied for decades, the ever-changing morphology of projects induced by the increasingly intricate financing schemes, call for a frequent and updated understanding of how the projects initiate, run, and close. Large-scale integrated collaborative projects are a recent example of complex collaborative projects that were not studied yet but can provide important insights for the project and innovation management fields. These projects are carried out typically by a large consortium including research organisations, sectorial technological centres, technology providers and end-user companies, having a significant impact on the technological innovation produced for a specific sector. This chapter reports a multiple case study of four large-scale integrated projects, in Portugal, following an inductive research design. The results showed that collaboration creation and collaboration management are crucial processes for such projects, with challenges intensified by the differences in goals and expectations of researchers and practitioners. The chapter will hopefully contribute to the future development of new models, tools and techniques that will improve the efficiency and effectiveness of this type of projects, by providing a systematisation of the challenges faced and how they were overcome during the cases analysed.

Governance has a significant impact on the success of programs and projects. However, governance of collaborative university-industry projects and programs in literature, is a rather scarce topic. Based on an ethnographic study of a large university-industry collaboration, this paper proposes a conceptual framework of Organizational Enablers (OEs) to improve the governance of collaborative university-industry R&D programs. An exploratory research was carried out, aiming to learn from the experience of program and project managers and other program stakeholders of the case under study. Qualitative data was collected using participant observation and document analysis. The framework highlights nine OEs: ‘Established governance policies and values’, ‘Formal Governance support structures’, ‘Flexible organization structures’, ‘Standardization of program and project management practices’, ‘Different management approaches to fit the project needs’, ‘Clearly defined roles and responsibilities’, ‘Different means of communication and interaction’, ‘Top management Support’ and ‘Projects strategic alignment within the industry and university roadmaps’.

Industry 4.0 is a result of technological evolution and is intended to promote technological transformations in industry at different levels. The impact in human employment has been perceived as a major threat and is a matter of concern. Some authors argue that automation will bring unimaginable changes as soon as computers get more intelligence and as machines become able to perform complex tasks more efficiently than humans. However, technological progress is also pointed out as a stimulus for human-beings to develop the competencies that differentiate them from the machines. In this context, this study aims to explore the impacts of adopting Industry 4.0 technologies on work. The results of a comprehensive literature review provide an integrated perspective to identify and understand such impacts, analysing them in four categories: evolution of employment and creation of new jobs, human-machine interaction, new competencies creation / development, and, organizational and professional changes

Previous literature shows that there are different environmental factors with different impacts on the adoption of technologies in a supply chain context. Thus, the adoption of technologies in supply chains may vary according to different environmental factors. Despite the existence of several studies about adoption of technologies in supply chain contexts that include environmental factors, there is a gap in identifying which environmental factors influence the adoption of digitalization technologies in supply chains. The purpose of this study is therefore to identify and analyze the environmental factors that influence the adoption of digitalization technologies in the supply chain. An exploratory qualitative research was conducted using semi-structured interviews with Portuguese managers of companies at several tiers of the automotive supply chain. Environmental factors were pointed as particularly critical drivers to promote the adoption of digitalization technologies in the automotive supply chain. Such adoption is mainly driven by the Original Equipment Manufacturer (OEM), through coercive and normative pressures over the other tiers of the supply chain. Relevant factors identified are: compliance with standards and legislation, market and industry pressures, and benchmark the evolution of supply chain partners. This study contributes to the literature with new knowledge concerning new specificities of the environmental factors that showed an important influence on the adoption decision.

This study identified and characterized the factors influencing managers’ intentions to adopt collaborative robots (cobots) in manufacturing companies. Based on a conceptual framework that integrates three technology adoption theories (Diffusion of Innovation, Technology-organization-environment and Institutional theory) and following an exploratory qualitative research design, this paper identifies 39 factors influencing the intention to adopt cobots in three contexts (internal, external and technology). Twelve of these factors are new as contrasted with previous literature. The findings of this study can assist organizations in their process of adoption of cobots and in the development of managerial practices that consider the role of these factors.

Today’s manufacturing environment is increasingly pressured to higher flexibility induced by uncertain production volumes as well as uncertain product lifetime. A way to improve productivity in a flexible production system is by using a safe and flexible cooperation between robot and operator. Therefore, manufacturing companies are experiencing an increase in human-robot interactions and in the use of collaborative robots (cobots). To make full use of cobots, it is essential to understand the drivers for their adoption as well as how these drivers are aligned with the companies’ strategic objectives. By means of in-depth interviews in six companies in Portugal and France, this study provides a comprehensive understanding of the drivers that influence the intent to adopt, or the effective adoption, of cobots and the alignment of these drivers with the strategic objectives of the company. Empirical results reveal “operational efficiency” and “ergonomics and human factors” concerns as important drivers in the adoption intent. In terms of strategic objectives, it was found that drivers are aligned with productivity and flexibility improvement as well as quality improvement strategic objectives. Understanding these drivers can help in motivating manufacturing companies to adopt cobots, in facilitating their adoption, and in reaping the benefits of this technology.

The decision to adopt new technologies is the most important stage in integrating a new technology into the ongoing processes of the organization and also to obtain benefits from its routine use. This paper proposes an integrated framework that combines Diffusion of Innovations (DOI) Theory, Technology-Organization–Environment (TOE) framework and Institutional Theory (INT) to characterize the critical factors influencing advanced technologies adoption in manufacturing context. This conceptual framework identifies three contextual environments - innovation, internal organizational and external environmental - that can influence the adoption decision along with some sub-contexts from the literature that may be considered. This framework can be used as starting point to explore in depth influential factors in advanced technologies in manufacturing contexts. Additionally, this framework can assist companies to develop adoption process plans as well as managerial practices that consider the role of these factors and thus lead to successful implementations.

Purpose: Horizontal integration is a way of organizing the healthcare delivery for units that provide the same type of care. The Portuguese Hospital Centres (HC) is a way horizontal integration. Two or more hospital units are integrated creating a HC. The legal support of HC, created in 1999, defined several important objectives and benefits associated to this reality namely, to reinforce of the articulation and complementarity between hospital units, driven by better resources utilization; reinforce the differentiation of hospital care delivery and hospital technology; a more efficient hospital care delivery giving to the community what they need. Between 2005 and 2009 were created 17 HC and nowadays there are 23 HC in Portugal. Objectives: Our objective in this study was to know more about the external stakeholder’s expectations and experiences regarding the Portuguese Hospital Centres. External stakeholders are experts and decision makers that had political and manager responsibilities in healthcare during the last years. In this paper we present the preliminary results of this qualitative study. Background: To identify the key opinions and views, and to explore people’s knowledge, experience and expectation regarding the Portuguese HC, we used a qualitative research method: interviewing. There is a lack of information about this theme in Portugal. So, another reason to use this qualitative method was to gather feasible data that wasn’t available in any other form. We conducted interviews to different important people with past responsibilities in health system: Secretary-of-state in Health Ministry (past function), Central Administration of Health System (ACSS) board members (past function): HC board members (actual and past functions) and academics. Interviews were conducted as long they continue to tell me more about the Portuguese HC experience. We conducted 10 interviews with external stakeholders. A semistructured interview guide was developed based on the literature review. The main interview objectives were to collect information about: integration objectives; integration drivers; main benefits expected; the main difficulties nowadays faced by HC; the disadvantages of HC; what factors contributed to successful and unsuccessful cases of HC and the main challenges faced by HC. Transcripts of the interviews were analysed using NVivo 10. The analysis of each interview started with axial coding to relate some responses to the main HC objectives and benefits. Open coding was also used to give new insights about the other integration dimensions. 14th International Conference on Integrated Care, Brussels, April 2-4 2014 International Journal of Integrated Care – Volume 14, 01 October – URN:NBN:NL:UI:10-1-116213– http://www.ijic.org/ Conclusions: The external stakeholders referred the resource rationalization and optimization as the main integration objective. As main expected benefits they referred the improvement of quality of care (in patient dimension), cost reduction (organization dimension) and improve work conditions and training and development enrichment (professional dimension). They pointed also that the main reason for the unsuccessful integration experiences was the culture shock. According to these stakeholders the main challenge faced by the HC board is the definition of a strategic plan for the HC with clear objectives, strong leaders, definition of internal and external communication strategies and with the participation of all professionals.