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African mahogany (Khaya spp.) produces high-value wood, and its cultivation is expanding in tropical regions. The silvopastoral system is an alternative method for growing timber trees, but may involve cattle stripping bark from trees, which limits its usefulness. We evaluated cattle bark-stripping rates in two African mahogany species, K. grandifoliola and K. senegalensis, in a silvopastoral system with Guinea grass, Panicum maximum, in South-eastern Brazil. Cattle had free access to plantations of both tree species for 2 weeks in May 2018 and July 2019, when trees were 5 and 6 years old, respectively. In 2018, we found bark-stripping only in K. grandifoliola, but in 2019 both species were bark-stripped. The proportion of bark-stripped trees was higher for K. grandifoliola than for K. senegalensis. Considering both years, 29/155 (18.7%) K. senegalensis trees and 106/153 (69.3%) K. grandifoliola trees had some of their bark-stripped by cattle. Bark-stripped trees had lower trunk diameter growth than unaffected trees, and their growth was affected by the degree of bark-stripping. Some trees were girdled by bark-stripping. These trees dried up, and some of them fell down 1 year after girdling. In 2019, despite the high herbage mass, levels of crude protein in the pasture were very low, which may have stimulated bark-stripping. Although we could not identify the reasons for bark-stripping, we recommend avoiding the use of silvopastoral systems with cattle and African mahogany in times of the year when pasture has a low quality.

Portal hypertension (PHT) is a major consequence of any chronic liver disease and it is the main cause of complications in patients with cirrhosis. Measurement of hepatic vein pressure gradient is considered the gold standard for PHT assessment, together with its diagnosis and prognosis relevance. Even though hepatic vein pressure gradient measurement is a safe procedure, it is still considered an invasive technique and not widely available. There is thus a need for noninvasive methods that can predict the progression of PHT as well as the presence and the risk of complications related to esophageal varices. This review aimed to discuss the noninvasive markers used in the assessment of PHT and detection of high-risk esophageal varices in patients with liver cirrhosis. We focus on the main biomarkers, particularly those used in the routine assessment of chronic liver disease, and the physical methods that use tissue elastography as a diagnosis tool.

Introdução: O frequente êxito do transplante cardí­aco faz com que este se apresente como a primeira opção de tratamento na falência cardí­aca. Objetivo: Investigar as hipóteses de condutas fisioterapêuticas que compõem a fase III de um programa de reabilitação cardí­aca em pacientes submetidos ao transplante cardí­aco. Métodos: Trata-se de um estudo de revisão bibliográfica, no qual foram utilizados artigos cientí­ficos em português e inglês de revistas indexadas nos bancos de dados Bireme, Pubmed e Comut, nas bases de dados Medline, Scielo e Lilacs, publicados entre os anos de 1998 a 2015. Discussão: Os protocolos ambulatoriais encontrados obtiveram uma diferença em função dos objetivos a curto, médio e longo prazo propostos para o paciente como, por exemplo, em relação í intensidade do treino aeróbico, que variou de 60 a 80%, a frequência das sessões que variaram de três a cinco vezes por semana, e a duração da sessão que variou de 45 a 65 minutos. Conclusão: A fase ambulatorial inclui exercí­cios de flexibilidade, exercí­cios aeróbicos e de fortalecimento muscular e exercí­cios respiratórios e os estudos relatam resultados positivos como melhora do consumo de oxigênio, diminuição da frequência cardí­aca em repouso e melhora da capacidade funcional.Palavras-chave: transplante de coração, exercí­cio, reabilitação, Fisioterapia.Â