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Dermacentor nitens Neumann is the most common tick species infesting horses in the main Brazilian biomes. It has a predilection to attach to horse the ears, the nasal diverticulum, perineal and perianal regions. The infestations can generate severe damage in the ears, anemia, and the tick also acts as vector of Babesia caballi (Nuttall and Strickland), the causative agent of equine babesiosis. Our study describes unusual parasitism site of D. nitens on a female cross breed horse, approximately ten years old that presented high parasitism by ticks on the perineal and perianal region, ears, and the left eye orbit region, where an enucleation process had been performed a few years earlier. To our knowledge this is the first report of D. nitens parasitism on a formerly enucleated eye orbit.

Periodontitis affects the teeth supporting tissues, leading to tooth loss and damage to animal health. Evidence in humans suggests that oral microorganisms spread systemically, increasing the risk of pregnancy disorders such as miscarriage, prematurity, and low birth weight. This study aimed to verify whether periodontopathogenic microorganisms reach the transplacental unit, culminating in problems in pregnant ewes. After analyzing the oral cavity, 10 clinically healthy pregnant ewes (OGCH group) and 10 pregnant ewes with periodontitis (OGP group) were selected. The subgingival biofilm was collected for the polymerase chain reaction (PCR) test and amniotic fluid for both the PCR and interleukin (IL) analysis. Peripheral blood was collected for complete blood count, and analyses of IL-6, IL1-β, and tumor necrosis factor-α were performed. Placental fragments were collected to assess the inflammatory changes using optical microscopy. After giving birth, both the ewes and their lambs were weighed. On clinical examination, a positive correlation between bleeding and suppuration (correlation index - CI=0.54), suppuration and marginal gingivitis (CI=0.34), and marginal gingivitis and edema (CI=0.54) was observed. The weights of the ewes (p=0.013) and their respective lambs (p=0.04) in the OGP group were lower than those of their OGCH group counterparts. The hematological analysis revealed that the OGP group ewes showed a slight increase in the mean corpuscular volume (p=0.2447), segmented cells (p=0.3375), and eosinophils (p=0.3823) when compared with the OGCH group ewes, without a statistical difference. Regarding the microorganisms detected in the oral cavity, there was a significant difference between the occurrence of periodontal pockets and the presence of Fusobacterium necrophorum (p=0.0328), Porphyromonas asaccharolytica (p=0.0392), and the Mollicutes class (p=0.0352). Staphylococcus genus (p=0.9107) and Archaea domain (p=0.7245) were detected in the amniotic samples of both groups, without a significant difference, whereas P. asaccharolytica (p=0.2685) was only detected in one sample in the OGCH group. The expression of cytokine IL-6 in the OGP group differed significantly between the prepartum and postpartum periods (p=0.0039); moreover, it differed significantly in the postpartum period between the OGCH and OGP groups (p=0.0198). Histological examination showed a higher percentage of placental changes in the OGP group (70%) than in the OGCH group, such as the presence of macrophages, neutrophils, plasma cells, and multifocal areas of calcification. These results do not corroborate the hypothesis of dissemination of oral microorganisms to the placental unit, suggesting that it constitutes placental isolation in sheep. RESUMO: A periodontite afeta os tecidos de suporte dos dentes levando à perda dentária e danos à saúde do animal. Evidências em humanos sugerem que os microrganismos orais se espalham sistemicamente, aumentando o risco de distúrbios da gravidez, como aborto espontâneo, prematuridade e baixo peso ao nascer. Este estudo teve como objetivo verificar se microrganismos periodontopatogênicos atingem a unidade transplacentária, culminando em problemas em ovelhas gestantes. Após análise da cavidade oral, foram selecionadas 10 ovelhas gestantes clinicamente saudáveis (grupo OGCH) e 10 ovelhas gestantes com periodontite (grupo OGP). O biofilme subgengival foi coletado para o teste de reação em cadeia da polimerase (PCR) e o líquido amniótico para teste de PCR e análise de interleucina (IL). Sangue periférico foi coletado para hemograma completo e análises de IL-6, IL1-β e fator de necrose tumoral-α foram realizadas. Fragmentos de placenta foram coletados para avaliação das alterações inflamatórias por meio de microscopia óptica. Após o parto, as ovelhas e seus cordeiros foram pesados. Ao exame clínico, observou-se correlação positiva entre sangramento e supuração (índice de correlação - IC=0,54), supuração e gengivite marginal (IC=0,34) e gengivite marginal e edema (IC=0,54). Os pesos das ovelhas (p=0,013) e de seus respectivos cordeiros (p=0,04) do grupo OGP foram inferiores aos do grupo OGCH. A análise hematológica revelou que as ovelhas do grupo OGP apresentaram discreto aumento no volume corpuscular médio (p=0,2447), células segmentadas (p=0,3375) e eosinófilos (p=0,3823) quando comparadas com as ovelhas do grupo OGCH, sem diferença estatística diferença. Em relação aos microrganismos detectados na cavidade oral, houve diferença significativa entre a ocorrência de bolsas periodontais e a presença de Fusobacterium necrophorum (p=0,0328), Porphyromonas asaccharolytica (p=0,0392) e da classe Mollicutes (p=0,0352). O gênero Staphylococcus (p=0,9107) e o domínio Archaea (p=0,7245) foram detectados nas amostras amnióticas de ambos os grupos, sem diferença significativa, enquanto P. asaccharolytica (p=0,2685) foi detectado apenas em uma amostra do grupo OGCH. A expressão da citocina IL-6 no grupo OGP diferiu significativamente entre os períodos pré e pós-parto (p=0,0039); além disso, diferiu significativamente no período pós-parto entre os grupos OGCH e OGP (p=0,0198). O exame histológico mostrou maior porcentagem de alterações placentárias no grupo OGP (70%) do que no grupo OGCH, como a presença de macrófagos, neutrófilos, plasmócitos e áreas multifocais de calcificação. Esses resultados não corroboram a hipótese de disseminação de microrganismos orais para a unidade placentária, sugerindo que se trata de um isolamento placentário em ovinos.

Made available in DSpace on 2022-10-10T13:56:26Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 0 Previous issue date: 2022-08-29. Added 1 bitstream(s) on 2022-10-10T15:40:32Z : No. of bitstreams: 1 S1808-16572022000100400.pdf: 329487 bytes, checksum: b9abe8aa40b58717583c986937336e73 (MD5) Botulism is a disease usually fatal, caused by the ingestion of neurotoxins produced by Clostridium botulinum. In dogs, intoxication is caused by the ingestion of botulinum toxin type C, and animals often recover spontaneously. The present study describes the occurrence of type C botulism in two dogs domiciled on neighboring rural properties in the municipality of Goiânia, state of Goiás, Brazil, probably associated with ingestion of decomposing bovine carcass. Upon clinical evaluation, the dogs were alert in the lateral decubitus position with ascending flaccid paralysis, absence of eyelid reflexes, and reduced muscle tone. Due to their worsening clinical symptoms, the animals died within 12 h and 3 days after supportive treatment. Botulinum toxin type C was identified, in the serum and feces of both dogs, by seroneutralization in mice with homologous monovalent antitoxin. The results of the high-throughput gene sequencing showed that the abundance of C. botulinum in the fecal microbiota of one of the affected dogs was low (0.53%). In this way, the present study highlights the need of sanitary practices related to the appropriate collection and disposal of bovine carcasses in rural areas since they represent a risk factor for the occurrence of botulism in dogs domiciled on rural properties. Universidade Federal de Goiás, Escola de Veterinária e Zootecnia Clínica Veterinária Clinipet Tassara Universidade Estadual Paulista (UNESP), Faculdade de Medicina Veterinária Universidade Estadual Paulista (UNESP), Faculdade de Medicina Veterinária

Equine infectious anemia (EIA) is an infectious disease affecting equine in most countries and represents a notifiable disease with compulsory euthanasia of positive animals. The present study aimed to determine the prevalence of EIAV infected equines in herds of the state of Goiás (Central Brazil) and to evaluate the risk factors associated with the occurrence of the disease. Blood samples were collected from 1170 equids from 332 randomly selected farms divided into three different strata according to their herd characteristics. Also, an epidemiological questionnaire was applied during the visit to the farm. Of the 332 farms evaluated, 12 (3.1%; 95% CI: 1.24 - 6.00) had at least one positive equine for EIA, and of the 1170 evaluated equines, 14 (2%; 95% CI: 0.31-3.00) were positive in agar gel immunodiffusion. Multivariate analysis revealed that the use of a vaccination pistol (p 0.001) and the presence of water bodies inside the farm (p 0.01) were risk factors associated with the occurrence of EIA. Thus, the present study demonstrated a low but widespread prevalence of EIAV infected animals in the herds of Goiás state and that iatrogenic and environmental risk factors were associated with the occurrence of the disease.

Made available in DSpace on 2022-10-10T13:56:20Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 0 Previous issue date: 2022-08-29. Added 1 bitstream(s) on 2022-10-10T15:40:16Z : No. of bitstreams: 1 S0100-736X2022000100504.pdf: 1960506 bytes, checksum: 592797b999dd18ab2f947b088d2c393d (MD5) As doenças bucais são limitantes para as práticas de saúde, bem-estar e conservação, especialmente no caso de animais ameaçados de extinção. Neste estudo retrospectivo, realizou-se um levantamento sobre condições relacionadas à saúde bucal observadas nos registros clínicos de 261 cervídeos que compunham uma população ex situ do Centro de Conservação do Cervo-do-Pantanal durante um período de 30 anos (1990-2020). Destes, 49 (18,77%) cervos-do-pantanal (31 fêmeas (63,27%) e 18 machos (36,73%)) apresentavam afecções clínicas bucais; e a idade média dos cervídeos afetados foi de 8,9 anos. Realizou-se a análise de regressão logística e a variável idade mostrou associação significativa com a presença de afecções dentárias. Assim, com a mudança de categoria de idade, um cervídeo teve oito vezes mais chances de manifestar afecções bucais; portanto, a idade pode ser considerada como fator de risco para manifestação de afecções bucais na espécie. Aumento de volume facial (65,3%), acúmulo de alimentos na boca (36,7%), perda dentária (22,4%), fístulas (22,4%), lesões nas mucosas ou palatinas (22,4%), desgaste dentário (20,4%) e exposição de raiz (18,3%) foram as lesões mais registradas. A ocorrência relativamente alta de afecções bucais em Blastocerus dichotomus reitera a importância dos cuidados com a saúde bucal quando os cervídeos são mantidos sob cuidados humanos. Oral diseases are limiting to health, welfare, and conservation practices, especially in the case of endangered animals. In this retrospective study, a survey on oral health-related conditions noted in the clinical records for 261 deer comprised in an ex situ population of the Marsh Deer Conservation Center (CCCP) over 30 years (1990-2020) was carried out. Of these, 49 (18.77%) marsh deer (31 females - 63.27% and 18 males - 36.73%) had clinical oral affections; the affected deer’s mean age was 8.9 years. Logistic regression analysis was performed, and the variable age was significantly associated with the presence of dental affections. Thus, with a change in the age category, a deer had eight times the chance of manifesting oral affections; therefore, age can be considered a risk factor for the manifestation of oral affections in the species. Increased facial volume (65.3%), accumulation of food in the mouth (36.7%), tooth loss (22.4%), fistulas (22.4%), mucosal or palatal lesions (22.4%), tooth wear (20.4%), and tooth root exposure (18.3%) were the most frequently recorded lesions. The relatively high occurrence of oral affections in Blastocerus dichotomus reiterates the importance of oral health care when deer are kept in human care. Universidade Federal de Goiás, Escolha de Veterinária e Zootecnia Universidade Estadual Paulista (UNESP), Faculdade de Ciências Agrárias e Veterinárias Universidade Estadual Paulista (UNESP), Faculdade de Medicina Veterinária Tijoá Participações e Investimentos S/A, Centro de Conservação do Cervo-do-Pantanal Universidade Estadual Paulista (UNESP), Faculdade de Ciências Agrárias e Veterinárias Universidade Estadual Paulista (UNESP), Faculdade de Medicina Veterinária

The deforestation of tropical forests raises environmental concerns worldwide. Removing the pristine forest impacts the soil, consequently affecting the environmental services it provides. Within this context, the main goal of this study was to determine how the conversion of the tropical rainforest to pasture affects soil fertility across an extended range of soil heterogeneity, including different soil types. We sampled 13 sites, among forests, recent pastures (≤7-year-old), and old pastures (≥10-year-old), on Acrisols, Ferralsols, Plinthosols, and Luvisols, across a ± 800 km geographical range in the Western Brazilian Amazon. Soils were classified taxonomically, and their superficial layer's chemical and physical properties (0-10 cm) were analyzed. Furthermore, we tested the sensibility of Actinobacteria and Proteobacteria to detect changes in these soil properties based on their ecological habitat. An inter-regional gradient of soil fertility was observed, and the sampling sites were clustered mostly by soil type and associated land use than by spatial distance. The Sum of bases, Ca + Mg, base saturation, Al saturation, and pH were consistently affected by land use, increasing after conversion to pasture, at different degrees and with a more pronounced effect on oxidic soils. The Sum of bases was the only property that increased significantly among the study sites (R

Introduction. Periodontitis, one of the most common oral disorders in sheep, is caused by a mixed and opportunistic microbiota that severely affects the health and welfare of animals. However, little is known about the ecological processes involved and the composition of the microbiota associated with the development of the disease. Hypothesis/Gap Statement. Using high-throughput sequencing of the 16S ribosomal RNA gene and network analysis it would be possible to discriminate the microbiomes of clinically healthy sheep and those with periodontitis and possibly identify the key microorganisms associated with the disease. Aim. The present study aimed to characterise the composition of dental microbiomes and bacterial co-occurrence networks in clinically healthy sheep and animals with periodontitis. Methodology. Dental biofilm samples were collected from ten sheep with periodontitis and ten clinically healthy animals. Bacteria were identified using high-throughput sequencing of the 16S ribosomal RNA gene. Results. The most prevalent genera in the dental microbiota of sheep with periodontitis were Petrimonas , Acinetobacter , Porphyromonas and Aerococcus . In clinically healthy animals, the most significant genera were unclassified Pasteurellaceae, Pseudomonas, and Neisseria. Fusobacterium was found at high prevalence in the microbiomes of both groups. The dental microbiota of sheep in the two clinical conditions presented different profiles and the diversity and richness of bacteria was greater in the diseased animals. Network analyses showed the presence of a large number of antagonistic interactions between bacteria in the dental microbiota of animals with periodontitis, indicating the occurrence of a dysbiotic community. Through the interrelationships, members of the Prevotella genus are likely to be key pathogens, both in the dental microbiota of healthy animals and those with periodontitis. Porphyromonas stood out among the top three nodes with more centrality and the largest number of hubs in the networks of animals with periodontitis. Conclusion. The dental biofilm microbiota associated with ovine periodontitis is dysbiotic and with significant antagonistic interactions, which discriminates healthy animals from diseased animals and highlights the importance of key bacteria, such as Petrimonas , Porphyromonas , Prevotella and Fusobacterium species.

Made available in DSpace on 2019-10-06T15:29:33Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 0 Previous issue date: 2019-02-01 Bovine alphaherpesvirus 1 (BHV1) and 5 (BHV5) are known to establish latent infections in sensory neurons of the trigeminal ganglion, yet leukocytes and tonsils have also been described as sites of latency in experimentally infected cattle. Little information is available on which immune cells are susceptible to BHV5 infection and how the infection may affect cell bioenergy. The aim of this study was to determine whether primary bovine monocyte-derived macrophages are susceptible to BHV5 infection and to evaluate parameters such as cell survival, virus replication and nitric oxide (NO) production. In addition, production of reactive oxygen species and mitochondrial damage were also analyzed. BHV5 infected cells underwent low rates of apoptosis but activated mitochondrial membrane depolarization and complex I. Additionally, production of high NO levels upon monocyte derived-macrophage infection did not interfere with the production of progeny virus. Overall, our findings revealed that primary cultures of bovine monocyte-derived macrophages support BHV5 replication in vitro and that mitochondrial dysfunction induced by infection apparently does not interfere with virus replication. UNESP- University of São Paulo State College of Veterinary Medicine Department of Veterinary Medicine FZEA- USP- University of Sao Paulo Virology Section Department of Preventive Veterinary Medicine Federal University of Santa Maria UNESP- University of São Paulo State College of Veterinary Medicine

Made available in DSpace on 2021-06-25T15:04:11Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 0 Previous issue date: 2021-04-21 USAID National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine of the United States (NAS) United States National Science Foundation Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico (CNPq) Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES) Advancing extensive cattle production is a major threat to biodiversity conservation in Amazonia. The dominant vegetation cover has a drastic impact on soil microbial communities, affecting their composition, structure, and ecological services. Herein, we explored relationships between land-use, soil types, and forest floor compartments on the prokaryotic metacommunity structuring in Western Amazonia. Soil samples were taken in sites under high anthropogenic pressure and distributed along a +/- 800 km gradient. Additionally, the litter and a root layer, characteristic of the forest environment, were sampled. DNA was extracted, and metacommunity composition and structure were assessed through 16S rRNA gene sequencing. Prokaryotic metacommunities in the bulk soil were strongly affected by pH, base and aluminum saturation, Ca + Mg concentration, the sum of bases, and silt percentage, due to land-use management and natural differences among the soil types. Higher alpha, beta, and gamma diversities were observed in sites with higher soil pH and fertility, such as pasture soils or fertile soils of the state of Acre. When taking litter and root layer communities into account, the beta diversity was significantly higher in the forest floor than in pasture bulk soil for all study regions. Our results show that the forest floor's prokaryotic metacommunity performs a spatial turnover hitherto underestimated to the regional scale of diversity. Univ Fed Rural Rio De Janeiro, Dept Soil, Seropedica, Brazil Iowa State Univ, Dept Agr & Biosyst Engn, Ames, IA USA Natl Agrobiol Res Ctr, Embrapa Agrobiol, Seropedica, Brazil Natl Soil Res Ctr, Embrapa Solos, Rio De Janeiro, Brazil Michigan State Univ, Dept Plant Soil & Microbial Sci, E Lansing, MI USA Univ Fed Goias, Dept Vet Med, Goiania, Go, Brazil Univ Estadual Paulista, Dept Support Prod & Anim Hlth, Aracatuba, Brazil Univ Estadual Paulista, Dept Support Prod & Anim Hlth, Aracatuba, Brazil USAID: AID-OAA-A-11-00012 National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine of the United States (NAS): 4299 United States National Science Foundation: DBI-1356380 United States National Science Foundation: DBI-1759892 CNPq: 311796/2019-2 CNPq: 165571/2017-9 CAPES: 41/2018

Advancing extensive cattle production shifts the forest landscape and is considered one of the main drivers against biodiversity conservation in the Brazilian Amazonia. Considering soil as an ecosystem it becomes vital to identify the effects of land-use changes on soil microbial communities, structure, as well as its ecological functions and services. Herein, we explored relationships between land-use, soil types and forest floor (i.e., association between litter, root layer and bulk soil) on the prokaryotic metacommunity structuring in the Western Amazonia. Sites under high anthropogenic pressure were evaluated along a gradient of ± 800 km. Prokaryotic metacommunity are synergistically affected by soil types and land-use systems. Especially, the gradient of soil fertility and land-use shapes the structuring of the metacommunity and determines its composition. Forest-to-pasture conversion increases alpha, beta, and gamma diversities when considering only the prokaryotes from the bulk soil. Beta diversity was significantly higher in all forests when the litter and root layer were taken into account with the bulk soil. Our argumentation is that the forest floor harbors a prokaryotic metacommunity that adds at the regional scale of diversity a spatial turnover hitherto underestimated. Our findings highlight the risks of biodiversity loss and, consequently, the soil microbial diversity maintenance in tropical forests.

Made available in DSpace on 2018-12-11T17:36:21Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 0 Previous issue date: 2018-05-01 Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo (FAPESP) Periodontitis is an infectious polymicrobial, immuno-inflammatory disease of multifactorial aetiology that has an impact on the health, production and welfare of ruminants. The objective of the present study was to determine the microbial profiles present in the gingival sulcus of cattle considered periodontally healthy and in the periodontal pocket of animals with periodontitis lesions using high-throughput bacterial 16S rRNA gene sequencing. Subgingival biofilm samples were collected from 40 cattle with periodontitis and 38 periodontally healthy animals. In total, 1923 OTUs were identified and classified into 395 genera or higher taxa. Microbial profiles in health differed significantly from periodontitis in their composition (p < 0.0001, F = 5.30; PERMANOVA) but no statistically significant differences were observed in the diversity of healthy and periodontitis microbiomes. The most prevalent taxa in health were Pseudomonas, Burkholderia and Actinobacteria, whereas in disease these were Prevotella, Fusobacterium and Porphyromonas. The most discriminative taxa in health were Gastranaerophilales, Planifilum and Burkholderia, and in disease these were Elusimicrobia, Synergistes and Propionivibrio. In conclusion, statistically significant difference exists between the microbiome in bovine oral health and periodontitis, with populations showing 72.6% dissimilarity. The diversity of the bacteria found in health and periodontitis were similar and bacteria recognised as periodontal pathogens showed increased abundance in disease. In this context, the main components of bacterial homeostasis in the biofilm of healthy sites and of dysbiosis in periodontal lesions provide unprecedented indicators for the evolution of knowledge about bovine periodontitis. São Paulo State University (Unesp) School of Veterinary Medicine, Araçatuba Campus Dental School University of Glasgow School of Veterinary Medicine University of Glasgow Department of Preventive Dentistry Academic Centre for Dentistry Amsterdam University of Amsterdam and VU University Amsterdam São Paulo State University (Unesp) School of Veterinary Medicine, Araçatuba Campus

Made available in DSpace on 2020-12-12T01:56:33Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 0 Previous issue date: 2019-12-01. Added 1 bitstream(s) on 2021-07-15T14:38:04Z : No. of bitstreams: 1 S0100-736X2019001200933.pdf: 1743486 bytes, checksum: 917c9ab70391b08d2133b69eda0a1a6b (MD5) Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES) Bovine periodontitis is a multifactorial disease primarily associated with a potentially pathogenic microbiota housed in the oral biofilm of animals. Biofilms are organized structures, in which the constituents coexist in symbiosis, already described as a predisposing factor to periodontitis in other species. The objective of the present study was to characterize the structure and chemical aspects of the bovine black pigmented supragingival biofilm using scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and energy dispersive spectroscopy (EDS), respectively, and determine its relationship with bovine periodontitis. Eleven premolar teeth from different animals were evaluated; five non-pigmented samples and six samples with black pigmented biofilms were initially submitted to SEM, and three areas of these samples were selected for EDS. The structure of the pigmented biofilm was more complex and irregular because of a higher content of mineral elements. The semi-quantitative EDS data indicated an association of iron (p

Made available in DSpace on 2019-10-06T17:08:48Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 0 Previous issue date: 2019-06-01 Periodontitis and excessive tooth wear are considered two of the most important oral diseases affecting the health, performance, and welfare of small ruminants. The present study aimed to describe the occurrence of periodontitis and excessive wear of the incisor and masticatory teeth among a herd of dairy goats, the presence of possible risk factors, and the presence of microorganisms considered potential periodontal pathogens. For this, 150 dairy goats of the Saanen and Pardo Alpina breeds with different periodontal conditions and aged 13 months to 8 years were clinically examined. Animals were fed a commercial ration specific for each age group and supplied at will bulky hay composed of Tifton grass hay (Cynodon nlemfuensis)or massai (Panicum hybrid vr. Massai)and corn silage. Scores from 0 to 3 were initially attributed to the presence and intensity of gingival recession, presence of supragingival biofilm, and wear of the dental crown. The presence of 23 microorganisms considered, as potential pathogens was evaluated by polymerase chain reaction (PCR)from subgingival biofilm samples obtained from periodontal pockets with clinical probing depth of ≥5 mm (n = 22)and the gingival sulcus of periodontally healthy animals (n = 22). The occurrence of periodontal lesions, characterized by gingival recession in at least one tooth, was 70.7% (106/150)of animals for which 28.0% (42/150)had lesions in the incisor teeth and 62.0% (93/150)had lesions in the masticatory teeth. On examining the teeth, 96.0% (144/150)of animals presented levels of wear with a degree of severity of 1 to 3. Among the animals, 40.0% (60/150)had wear on the incisor and masticatory teeth together; 37.3% (56/150)had wear only on the masticatory teeth; and 18.6% (28/150)had wear only on the incisor teeth. Goats older than 36 months were the most had gingival recession, which had a greater frequency and degree of severity in the masticatory teeth (p = 0.001). This same group had a greater occurrence of wear and severity of wear in the masticatory teeth (p =

Made available in DSpace on 2021-06-25T10:22:27Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 0 Previous issue date: 2021-02-01 Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo (FAPESP) The work presented in this pilot study aimed to identify potential risk factors associated with bovine periodontitis development. Bovine periodontitis is a multifactorial polymicrobial infectious disease for which the aetiopathogenesis and risk factors are not fully understood. From cattle slaughtered in an abattoir in Scotland, 35 dental arcades with periodontal lesions and 40 periodontally healthy arcades were selected over seven visits for study. Multivariable logistic regression analysis was used to evaluate the association between periodontitis and the independent variables, gender, age and breed. For every increase in year of age, cattle were 1.5 times more likely to have periodontitis. A graphical analysis indicated that within the limits of this study, we could not detect any major influence of breed on the age-effect. Although logistic regression analysis demonstrated that periodontitis lesions are more prevalent with increasing age of cattle the underlying mechanisms remain unclear. It is likely that periodontitis is an important cause of oral pain in older cattle and can contribute to reduced productivity/performance. Further studies with a larger sample size are necessary to elucidate the associations between potential risk factors and periodontitis in cattle and to define its effects on animal welfare and productivity. School of Veterinary Medicine Universidade Federal de Goiás School of Veterinary Medicine College of Medical Veterinary and Life Sciences University of Glasgow, Bearsden Road Oral Sciences Research Group Dental School University of Glasgow, 378 Sauchiehall Street School of Veterinary Medicine Araçatuba Campus São Paulo State University (UNESP) School of Veterinary Medicine Araçatuba Campus São Paulo State University (UNESP) FAPESP: 2015/06917-9

Made available in DSpace on 2018-11-29T18:48:45Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 0 Previous issue date: 2018-06-01 Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo (FAPESP) Bovine periodontitis is a progressive and purulent infection associated with an anaerobic subgingival biofilm, which induces irreversible damage to the dentition of affected animals. The aetiopathogenesis of the disease is unclear and treatment and control of the disease process in cattle are almost unknown. The aim of this study was to investigate the innate immune response by quantifying expression of Toll-like receptor (TLR) and cytokine genes in gingival tissue samples from cattle with and without periodontitis. Postmortem biopsies of gingival tissues were collected from 20 cattle with periodontitis and 20 cattle with no clinical signs of periodontal lesions. Tissue expression of TLR2, TLR4, TNF-alpha, IFN-gamma, IL-1 beta and IL-4 genes were determined using quantitative real-time PCR. Statistically significant increases in mRNA levels encoding TLR2 (p = 0.025), TLR4 (p = 0.037), TNF-alpha (p = 0.025), IFN-gamma (p = 0.014), IL-1 beta (p < 0.001) and IL-4 (p = 0.014) were observed in animals with periodontitis when compared to periodontally healthy animals. Increased levels of TLRs and inflammatory cytokines in periodontal tissue indicate an induction of the innate immune response of cattle and suggest that a substantial microbial challenge may be involved in the aetiopathogenesis of bovine periodontitis. Univ Estadual Paulista, Fac Vet Med, Dept Anim Hlth & Prod, Sao Paulo, Brazil Univ Glasgow, Sch Dent, Oral Sci Res Grp, Glasgow, Lanark, Scotland Univ Glasgow, Sch Vet Med, Glasgow, Lanark, Scotland Univ Estadual Paulista, Fac Vet Med, Dept Anim Hlth & Prod, Sao Paulo, Brazil FAPESP: FAPESP2015/06917-9

Abstratc: Bovine periodontitis is a progressive purulent infectious process associated with the presence of strictly and facultative anaerobic subgingival biofilm and epidemiologically related to soil management in large geographic areas of Brazil. This study aimed to detect species of the genera Porphyromonas and Prevotella, which occurr in periodontal pockets of cattle with lesions deeper than 5mm (n=26) and in gingival sulcus of animals considered periodontally healthy (n=25). Presence of the microorganisms was evaluated by independent-culture medium diagnostic method, using polymerase chain reaction (PCR) with specific primers of Porphyromonas asaccharolytica, P. endodontalis, P. gingivalis, P. gulae, Prevotella buccae, P. intermedia, P. loescheii, P. melaninogenica, P. nigrescens, P. oralis and P. tannerae. The species P. endodontalis (80.7%), P. melaninogenica (73.1%) and P. intermedia (61.5%) were the most predominant in samples of cattle with periodontitis. Regarding non-injured gingival sulcus of cattle, P. endodontalis (40%) and P. loeschei (40%) prevailed. Porphyromonas gingivalis, P. gulae and Prevotella tannerae were not detected in the 51 samples studied. Data evaluation by T test, enabled to verify that ocorrence of Porphyromonas asaccharolytica (p=0.000003), P. endodontalis (p=0.0023), Prevotella buccae (p=0.0017), P. intermedia (p=0.0020), P. melaninogenica (p=0.00006) and P. oralis (p=0.0028) is correlated with bovine periodontitis. Resumo: A periodontite bovina é um processo infeccioso purulento e progressivo associado à presença de biofilme subgengival anaeróbio estrito e facultativo e de incidência em extensas áreas geográficas do Brasil. O trabalho teve por objetivo detectar espécies dos gêneros Porphyromonas e Prevotella presentes na bolsa periodontal de bovinos com lesões de profundidade maior que 5mm (n=26) e do sulco gengival de animais com idade de 6 a 24 meses e considerados periodontalmente sadios (n=25). A presença dos microrganismos foi avaliada pelo método independente de cultivo bacteriano, por meio da reação em cadeia da polimerase (PCR) com iniciadores específicos para Porphyromonas asaccharolytica, P. endodontalis, P. gingivalis, P. gulae, Prevotella buccae, P. intermedia, P. loescheii, P. melalinogenica, P. nigrescens, P. oralis e P. tannerae. P. endodontalis (80,7%), P. melalinogenica (73,1%) e P. intermedia (61,5%) foram os mais prevalentes nas amostras de bovinos com periodontite. Já no sulco gengival de bovinos sem lesões prevaleceram P. endodontalis (40%) e P. loeschei (40%). Porphyromonas gingivalis, P. gulae e Prevotella tannerae não foram detectados nas 51 amostras pesquisadas. A partir da avaliação dos dados pelo teste T, verificou-se que a ocorrência de Porphyromonas asaccharolytica (p=0.000003), P. endodontalis (p=0.0023), Prevotella buccae (p=0.0017), P. intermedia (p=0.0020), P. melalinogenica (p=0.00006) e P. oralis (p=0.0028) está associada à periodontite bovina.

Periodontitis in cattle is an infectious purulent progressive disease associated with strict anaerobic subgingival biofilm and is epidemiologically related to soil management at several locations of Brazil. This study aimed to detect Treponema species in periodontal pockets of cattle with lesions deeper than 5mm in the gingival sulcus of 6 to 24-month-old animals considered periodontally healthy. We used paper cones to collect the materials, after removal of supragingival plaques, and kept frozen (at -80°C) up to DNA extraction and polymerase chain reaction (PCR) using T. amylovorum, T. denticola, T. maltophilum, T. medium and T. vincentii primers. In periodontal pocket, it was possible to identify by PCR directly, the presence of Treponema amylovorum in 73% of animals (19/26), T. denticola in 42.3% (11/26) and T. maltophilum in 54% (14/26). Among the 25 healthy sites, it was possible to identify T. amylovorum in 18 (72%), T. denticola in two (8%) and T. maltophilum in eight (32%). Treponema medium and T. vincentii were not detected over all 51 evaluated samples. The presence of Treponema amylovorum, T. maltophilum and, in particular, the widely recognized T. denticola in subgingival microflora brings an original and potencially important contribution in studies of the bovine periodontitis. A periodontite bovina é um processo infeccioso purulento e progressivo associado à presença de biofilme subgengival anaeróbio estrito e epidemiologicamente relacionada ao manejo do solo em amplas áreas geográficas do Brasil. O trabalho teve por objetivo detectar espécies de Treponema presentes na bolsa periodontal de bovinos com lesões de profundidade maior que 5mm e do sulco gengival de animais com idade de 6 a 24 meses e considerados periodontalmente sadios. Os materiais foram colhidos por meio de cones de papel, após a remoção do biofilme supragengival, e mantidos sob congelamento (-80°C) até a extração do DNA e realização da reação em cadeia da polimerase (PCR) com o emprego de iniciadores de T. amylovorum, T. denticola, T. maltophilum, T. medium e T. vincentii. Na bolsa periodontal de 73% (19/26) dos animais foi possível detectar diretamente, pela PCR, a presença de Treponema amylovorum, de 42,3% (11/26) T. denticola e de 54% (14/26) T. maltophilum. Dos 25 sítios sadios, em 18 (72%) foi possível identificar T. amylovorum, em dois (8%) T. denticola e em oito (32%) T. maltophilum. Treponema medium e T. vincentii não foram detectados nas 51 amostras avaliadas. A presença de Treponema amylovorum, T. maltophilum na microbiota subgengival, e em especial do amplamente reconhecido periodontopatógeno T. denticola, traz uma contribuição original de importância potencial nos estudos da periodontite bovina

Made available in DSpace on 2018-11-28T14:21:46Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 0 Previous issue date: 2017-05-01 Periodontitis is a polymicrobial infectious disease that causes occlusion change, tooth loss, difficulty in rumination, and premature culling of animals. This study aimed to detect species of the genera Porphyromonas and Prevotella present in the periodontal pocket of sheep with lesions deeper than 5 mm (n = 14) and in the gingival sulcus of animals considered periodontally healthy (n = 20). The presence of microorganisms was evaluated by polymerase chain reaction (PCR) using specific primers for Porphyromonas asaccharolytica, Porphyromonas endodontalis, Porphyromonas gingivalis, Porphyromonas gulae, Prevotella buccae, Prevotella intermedia, Prevotella loescheii, Prevotella melaninogenica, Prevotella nigrescens, Prevotella oralis, and Prevotella tannerae. Prevalence and risk analysis were performed using Student's t-test and Spearman's correlation. Among the Prevotella and Porphyromonas species detected in the periodontal lesions of sheep, P. melaninogenica (85.7%), P. buccae (64.3%), P. gingivalis (50%), and P. endodontalis (50%) were most prevalent. P. gingivalis (15%) and P. oralis (10%) prevailed in the gingival sulcus. P. gulae and P. tannerae were not detected in the 34 samples studied. Data evaluation by t-test verified that occurrence of P. asaccharolytica, P. endodontalis, P. gingivalis, P. buccae, P. intermedia, P. melcdinogenica, and P. nigrescens correlated with sheep periodontitis. The findings of this study will be an important contribution to research on pathogenesis of sheep periodontitis and development of its control measures. Univ Estadual Paulista, Sch Vet Med, Aracatuba, Brazil Univ Estadual Paulista, Dent Sch, Aracatuba, Brazil Univ Estadual Paulista, Sch Engn, Ilha Solteira, Brazil Univ Glasgow, Sch Vet Med, Glasgow, Lanark, Scotland Univ Glasgow, Dent Sch, Glasgow, Lanark, Scotland Univ Estadual Paulista, Sch Vet Med, Aracatuba, Brazil Univ Estadual Paulista, Dent Sch, Aracatuba, Brazil Univ Estadual Paulista, Sch Engn, Ilha Solteira, Brazil

Made available in DSpace on 2015-02-02T12:39:37Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 0 Previous issue date: 2014-10-01Bitstream added on 2015-02-02T13:07:46Z : No. of bitstreams: 1 S0100-736X2014001000010.pdf: 289950 bytes, checksum: bbb3aa1e1784341b0bd8ef2339984093 (MD5) Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo (FAPESP) Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico (CNPq) Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES) O presente estudo teve por objetivo avaliar a correspondência entre fatores socioeconômicos de 171 produtores de leite (escolaridade, volume de produção diária e tempo na atividade) de 96 municípios do Estado de São Paulo, e a percepção de risco no uso de produtos veterinários, por meio de entrevista individual e da análise de correspondência múltipla. Produtores com grau de escolaridade fundamental tendem a ordenhar animais tratados com carrapaticidas, não descartar o leite de vacas em tratamento para mastite, não receber bonificação por qualidade e não usar EPIs. Já produtores com grau de instrução superior tendem a declarar que descartam o leite de vacas em tratamento para a mastite, a receber bonificação por qualidade, a participar de treinamento e a usar EPIs. Produtores com menos de 50 litros de leite diários tendem a declarar que não observam o período de carência dos produtos veterinários e são os que mais responderam incorretamente o período de carência de dois produtos empregados na propriedade, vermifugam animais em lactação e não recebem bonificação por qualidade. Produtores com mais de 500 litros de leite diários tendem a declarar que observam o período de carência dos produtos veterinários, tendem a responder corretamente o período de carência de dois produtos, a receber bonificação por qualidade, a participar de treinamento e a usar EPIs. Foi possível evidenciar que dentro das variáveis selecionadas há categorias ou grupos de produtores de leite para os quais o perigo sanitário é mais visível e outros para os quais o perigo é menos visível. Nesse contexto, é necessário e urgente a execução de programas sanitários contemporâneos nas unidades rurais de produção de leite, a atualização dos serviços de assistência técnica e extensão rural (pública e privada), com enfoque distinto e complementar ao atual e o desenvolvimento de ações efetivas de educação sanitária. The present study aimed to evaluate the correspondence between socioeconomic factors of 171 milk producers (schooling, daily production volume and time in activity), of 96 counties in the state of São Paulo, and the risk perception in the use of veterinary products through individual interview and multiple correspondence analysis. Producers with low schooling tend to milk animals treated with acaricides, not to discard the milk of cows treated for mastitis, to receive no bonus for the quality of milk and not to use personal protective equipment (PPE). In contrast, producers with higher education tend to declare that they discard milk from cows treated for mastitis, to receive bonus for milk quality, to participate in training and use PPE. Producers with less than 50 liters of milk per day tend to declare that they do not observe the lack period of veterinary products, and when mentioned the lack period of two products more incorrectly answered, use vermifuge in lactating animals and do not receive bonus for milk quality. Producers with more than 500 liters of milk per day tend to declare they observe the lack period of veterinary products, to answer correctly the lack period of two products, to receive bonus for quality, to participate in training and to use PPE. It was possible to evidence that within the selected variables there are categories or groups of milk producers for whom the sanitary hazard is more visible and others for whom the hazard is less visible. In this context, it is necessary and urgent the execution of contemporary sanitary programs in rural units of milk production, the update of services of technical assistance and rural extension (public and private), with different approach and complementary to the currentand the development of effective sanitary education actions. Universidade Estadual Paulista (Unesp) Faculdade de Ciências Agrárias e Veterinárias Unesp Faculdade de Ciências Agrárias e Veterinárias Departamento de Medicina Veterinária Preventiva e Reprodução Animal Unesp Faculdade de Ciências Agrárias e Veterinárias Departamento de Ciências Exatas Unesp Faculdade de Medicina Veterinária Departamento de Apoio, Produção e Saúde Animal Universidade Estadual Paulista (Unesp) Faculdade de Ciências Agrárias e Veterinárias Unesp Faculdade de Ciências Agrárias e Veterinárias Departamento de Medicina Veterinária Preventiva e Reprodução Animal Unesp Faculdade de Ciências Agrárias e Veterinárias Departamento de Ciências Exatas Unesp Faculdade de Medicina Veterinária Departamento de Apoio, Produção e Saúde Animal

PERIODONTITIS is a multifactorial infection elicited by a complex of bacterial species that interact with host tissues and cells causing the release of a broad array of inflammatory cytokines, chemokines and mediators, some of which lead to destruction of the periodontal structures, including the tooth supporting tissues, alveolar bone and periodontal ligament (Holt and Ebersole 2005). Although cattle are of worldwide economic importance in the dairy and beef industries, their dentition has not been investigated as thoroughly as that of other species. Cattle are diphyodont and hypsodont, and their permanent dentition has 32 teeth. The permanent incisors erupt sequentially between 1.5 and 4 years of age. All permanent premolars and the second and third molars erupt between one and three years of age (Page and Schroeder 1982). The importance of bovine periodontal disease has largely been overlooked by veterinarians and scientists. In Brazil, periodontal disease affects cattle kept in areas where grazing has been recently formed or reformed in the Atlantic Forest, Cerrado, Pantanal and Amazon biomes (Dobereiner and others 2000). The disease is characterised by a purulent, progressive periodontitis, with periodontal pocket formation, development of a chronic periostitis ossificans and, in some cases, systemic illness. The tooth roots become exposed with eventual loss of teeth (Dobereiner and others 1974). Reported studies in the UK are scarce. Of 501 heads of cows examined …

Dental changes are one of the main reasons for slaughtering sheep early before the end of their regular breeding period, resulting in increased costs due to the need to purchase new animals for the flock. Within this context, excessive dental wear and periodontal disease are key disorders affecting sheep teeth and bearing structures (West and Spence 2000). Periodontitis manifests as gingivitis, periodontal pocket formation, gingival recession, bleeding on probing, suppuration, food debris retention, teeth loosening and loss of teeth. Studies have reported similarities between oral microflora in sheep and human periodontitis (Frisken and others 1989, Ismaiel and others 1989, McCourtie and others 1990). Riggio and others (2013) demonstrated the prevalence of Mannheimia ruminalis and Moraxella caprae in sheep with broken mouth periodontitis. Among the microorganisms considered periodontopathogenic, those belonging to Socransky's red complex ( Porphyromonas gingivalis , Tannerella forsythia and Treponema denticola ) are of recognised importance in several forms of periodontitis in humans and a few other animal species (Hardham and others 2005, Booij-Vrieling and others 2010, Yamasaki and others 2012). In advanced cases of periodontitis, spirochaetes may comprise more than 50 per cent of the subgingival microflora (Chu and Holt 1994), enabling their adherence to skin cells and, consequently, …

A sindrome de anormalidades dentarias e descrita por excessivo desgaste, mau posicionamento dos dentes e doenca periodontal. Lesao nao cariosa e toda perda irreversivel de estrutura dental a partir da superficie externa, sem envolvimento bacteriano. O desgaste dental anormal pode ser entendido como um fenomeno complexo decorrente da desmineralizacao dos dentes sob a acao de acidos de origem nao bacteriana, que atuam sobre os fosfatos e carbonatos da apatita. Decorre ainda da acao de substâncias com propriedades quelantes quando presentes na dieta ou provenientes do sistema digestorio, das forcas mastigatorias, do atrito entre os dentes ou destes contra os alimentos, dos tecidos moles bucais e da oclusao dental. Desgaste acentuado em um grupo de dentes ou em toda uma denticao pode levar a alteracoes das estruturas periodontais, dificultando a apreensao e mastigacao dos alimentos, levando os pequenos ruminantes a progressiva perda de peso e diminuicao na producao. O presente trabalho teve por objetivo avaliar a presenca de lesoes nao cariosas em caprinos de leite. Foram examinados 50 caprinos de leite de diferentes idades e de propriedade rural endemica para doencas periodontais no Estado de Sao Paulo. O exame intra-bucal foi realizado individualmente, com auxilio de abridor de boca e afastador labial, sendo examinados os dentes incisivos, pre-molares e molares. Lesoes foram classificadas como leve, moderada e severa. Lesoes nao cariosas foram observadas em 30 dos 50 animais examinados, predominando as lesoes severas em cabras mais velhas, seguidas das de meia idade. Alem do desgaste oclusal acentuado (erosao), pode-se observar lesoes cervicais e perda de dentes. Registrou-se ainda a presenca de grande numero de animais com o habito de roer as estruturas (madeiramento e grades de ferro) do aprisco, provavelmente agravando, pela atricao, o desgaste dentario. Neste contexto, o presente estudo registra originalmente a ocorrencia de lesoes nao cariosas em caprinos. PALAVRAS-CHAVE: DESGASTES. DENTES. PERDAS ECONOMICAS. AREA TEMATICA: Epidemiologia

O abcesso periodontal e um processo inflamatorio purulento circunscrito, que envolve os tecidos que circundam a porcao apical do dente. Causado por microrganismos do biofilme bacteriano presente no sulco gengival, geralmente tem como consequencia vasta destruicao tecidual e reflexos no desempenho animal. As doencas periodontais, e dentre elas os abscessos periodontais, sao definidas como enfermidades multifatoriais e polimicrobianas. O desenvolvimento dessas patologias correlaciona-se com diversos fatores que afetam o hospedeiro, como os alimentares, microbiologicos e ambientais. No Brasil, a doenca periodontal em ruminantes esta associada a praticas de manejo no solo. Sao escassos os relatos de abscessos periodontais em pequenos ruminantes, embora seja uma enfermidade reconhecida pelos tecnicos e produtores rurais como de importância nos sistemas de producao. Inexiste na literatura compulsada relatos sobre a sua ocorrencia em caprinos assim como sobre a identificacao de microrganismos encontrados nas lesoes. Nesse sentido, o objetivo deste trabalho e o de relatar a ocorrencia de abscesso periodontal em cabras de leite e identificar os microrganismos. Foram examinados 50 caprinos de rebanho leiteiro de propriedade rural situada no Estado de Sao Paulo. O material para o diagnostico microbiologico foi colhido por puncao de abscessos nao fistulados, cultivado em agar sangue enriquecido com sulfato ferroso e vitamina K, sob condicoes de anaerobiose, microaerofilia e aerobiose. Ao exame clinico foram observadas 3 cabras com presenca de nodulos unicos, sem indicacao de inflamacao de tecidos moles adjacentes na regiao mandibular, na altura dos dentes molares, que apresentavam bolsa periodontal profunda. Predominaram nos cultivos colonias de Prevotella e Porphyromonas pigmentadas de negro e de bacterias anaerobias estritas, seguidas de Trueperella pyogenes. O relato da ocorrencia de abscesso periodontal e original, assim como o da identificacao preliminar dos microrganismos associados a este problema sanitario observado frequentemente em criatorios de caprinos de leite. PALAVRAS-CHAVE: DOENCA PERIODONTAL. PERIODONTITE. CAPRINOS. INFECCAO PERIODONTAL. AREA TEMATICA: Doencas Infecciosas

Periodontite e a resposta inflamatoria de um hospedeiro susceptivel desencadeada por uma complexa microbiota, que resulta na perda de ligamentos periodontais, perda ossea e eventual perda da unidade dental. Em ruminantes a periodontite e relatada em bovinos e ovinos e esta associada ao manejo da pastagem, tendo sido considerada uma das enfermidades de grande impacto economico na pecuaria brasileira nas decadas de 1970-1990 e associada a formacao de pastagens em areas de derrubada de matas e no cerrado. Nos caprinos, e raro o relato da ocorrencia da doenca, provavelmente pela pequena populacao de animais em areas consideradas endemicas. Diante do historico da possivel ocorrencia de doenca periodontal em caprinos de rebanho leiteiro de propriedade rural localizada no Estado de Sao Paulo e da inexistencia de estudos sobre a sua etiologia, o presente estudo teve como objetivo relatar a ocorrencia de periodontite em cabras leiteiras estabuladas. Foram avaliadas, por amostragem aleatoria, 50 cabras com denticao permanente, de um total de 200 em lactacao. Os animais, mantidos permanentemente sob estabulacao, eram alimentados com silagem de milho e feno de Tifton, produzidos em area cultivada periodicamente na propriedade. Recebiam ainda racao comercial. No exame intra-bucal, com o auxilio de abridor de boca e afastador labial, pode-se verificar em pelo menos um dente incisivo, pre-molar ou molar de cada cabra em lactacao a ocorrencia de recessao gengival, perda de insercao de diferentes intensidades, bolsa periodontal com profundidade acima de 5mm, sangramento, supuracao e perda dentaria em 15 (30%) dos animais examinados. Pode-se observar ainda a presenca de biofilme dentario de coloracao preta, com variacoes de intensidade entre individuos e dentes. O relato da ocorrencia de periodontite em rebanho caprino permanentemente estabulado e inedito. Muito provavelmente esta condicao sanitaria tem reflexo nos resultados economicos da atividade, na saude e bem-estar dos animais. PALAVRAS-CHAVE: DOENCA PERIODONTAL. CAPRINOCULTURA LEITEIRA. AREA TEMATICA: Doencas Infecciosas

Periodontitis is an inflammatory response in a susceptible host caused by complex microbiota, predominantly composed of Gram-negative anaerobic bacteria. Aiming to characterize the subgingival bacterial microbiota associated with ovine periodontitis, polymerase chain reaction (PCR) was performed in subgingival periodontal pocket samples of 14 sheep with severe periodontitis and in subgingival sulcus biofilm of 14 periodontally healthy sheep in search mainly of Gram-negative and Gram-positive microorganisms considered important periodontopathogens. The most prevalent bacteria in the sheep with periodontal lesions were Tannerella forsythia (78.6%), Treponema denticola (78.6%), Fusobacterium nucleatum (64.3%), and Porphyromonas gingivalis (50%), whereas in the healthy sheep, F. nucleatum (42.8%) was the most often detected bacterium. Statistically significant differences were observed for Campylobacter rectus, Enterococcus faecium, Prevotella nigrescens, T. forsythia, and T. denticola (p

Periodontal diseases are multifactorial infectious processes caused by complexes of microorganisms, with damage to health, production, and animal welfare. The aim of the present study was to evaluate the efficacy of virginiamycin in the prevention and control of two early forms of periodontal disease: gingivitis and necrotizing gingivitis. Ten weaned calves, aged four to six months, were permanently kept in a single lot under the same rotational grazing regime in a newly reformed area of Panicum maximum. Five of the calves were orally administered 340mg of virginiamycin (Virginiamycin Group) daily for a period of 18 weeks, while the remaining five calves (Control Group) remained under the same food management but did not receive virginiamycin. During this period, animals underwent 18 weekly evaluations regarding periodontal health, with monitoring and recording of clinical parameters of the eight deciduous incisor teeth on the labial and lingual faces. At approximately two-week intervals, nine collections of subgingival sulcus material from five sites of the four right incisor teeth of each animal were performed and subjected to microbiological evaluation using polymerase chain reaction with primers of 25 microorganisms considered potentially pathogenic. After 1440 periodontal clinical evaluations of incisor teeth of the 10 calves, a total of 395 episodes of gingivitis were recorded, of which 267 occurred in the Control Group and 128 in the Virginiamycin Group. Similarly, 89 episodes of necrotizing gingivitis were recorded; 58 in the Control Group and 31 in the Virginiamycin Group. Comparison of between-group means found significant differences for teeth with gingivitis and necrotizing gingivitis (t test; p

RESUMO: O botulismo nos animais domésticos é uma intoxicação fatal ocasionada pela ingestão da neurotoxina de Clostridium botulinum. Este trabalho descreve os aspectos epidemiológicos, clínicos e laboratoriais de um surto de botulismo tipo C em equinos de uma propriedade rural no município de Porto Alegre, Rio Grande do Sul. Do total de 20 equinos, sete (35%) foram acometidos e morreram, e um eutanasiado após apresentar prognóstico desfavorável. Os cavalos, criados extensivamente, apresentaram sinais clínicos semelhantes, caracterizados por dificuldade de locomoção, letargia, paralisia flácida progressiva, tremores musculares, sudorese, ataxia e quedas frequentes. Quatro equinos foram necropsiados e não apresentaram lesões macroscópicas e microscópicas significativas. Amostras de encéfalo e medula espinhal foram enviados para realização do exame de imunofluorescência direta e foram negativas para o vírus da raiva. Fragmentos de fígado dos quatro equinos necropsiados, amostras de sedimento do solo e água suspeita de dois açudes da propriedade foram avaliados pelo exame direto para a verificação da presença de toxina botulínica e/ou esporos de Clostridium botulinum. No bioensaio em camundongos e soroneutralização pode-se detectar toxina botulínica tipo C em uma amostra de fígado, ao passo que as amostras de sedimento do solo e água foram negativas em todos os ensaios. Com base nos dados epidemiológicos, clínicos e laboratoriais pode-se estabelecer o diagnóstico etiológico de botulismo causado pela toxina botulínica do tipo C, e sugere-se, a água estagnada dos açudes como aprovável fonte da toxina. ABSTRACT: Botulism in domestic animals is a fatal poisoning caused by ingestion of Clostridium botulinum neurotoxin. This paper describes epidemiological, clinical and laboratorial aspects of a botulism type C outbreak in horses in a farm in Porto Alegre, Rio Grande do Sul. From a total of 20 horses, seven (35%) were affected and died, and one was euthanized after presenting poor prognosis. The horses, which were raised extensively, showed similar clinical signs, that included limited mobility, lethargy, progressive flaccid paralysis, muscle tremors, sweating, ataxia, and frequent falls. Four horses were necropsied and did not show significant macroscopic and microscopic lesions. Brain and spinal cord samples were analyzed by direct immunofluorescence and were negative for rabies. Liver fragments from the four necropsied horses, soil sediment samples, and suspect water from two reservoirs were evaluated by direct exam to verify the botulinum toxin and/or Clostridium botulinum spores presence. In the serum neutralization bioassay in mice, the type C botulinum toxin was detected in one liver sample, at the same time that the soil sediment and water samples were negative in all assays. Based on the epidemiological, clinical and laboratory data the etiological diagnosis of botulism was established by being caused by botulinum toxin type C, and it is suggested that the stagnant water of the dams is the likely source of the toxin.

O trabalho teve por objetivo descrever os aspectos epidemiologicos e clinico-patologicos de um surto de periodontite em ovinos, ocorrido em uma propriedade rural em Benevides, no estado do Para, Brasil. Os primeiros sinais clinicos da presenca da enfermidade no rebanho, visualizados como abaulamento nodular da mandibula, foram observados aproximadamente um mes apos a introducao dos animais em area de pastagem de Panicum maximum cv. Massai, que havia sido reformada recentemente, e suplementados com capim Elefante (Pennisetum purpureum). De 545 ovinos adultos, das racas Santa Ines, Dorper, Texel e seus mesticos, 20 (3,7%) apresentaram abaulamento facial, predominantemente mandibular. Os 20 animais, na sua maioria com idades acima dos 36 meses, apresentavam baixo escore corporal, pelos arrepiados e sem brilho, alguns com afrouxamento e perda dos dentes pre-molares e molares inferiores e superiores, formacao de abscesso e fistula, demonstrando dor a palpacao e dificuldade na mastigacao. No mesmo rebanho, a prevalencia de lesoes periodontais nos dentes pre-molares e molares foi avaliada por meio do exame post-mortem em 39 ovinos jovens e 17 adultos. Assim, 51,3% (20/39) dos jovens e todos os adultos apresentavam lesoes periodontais em pelo menos um dos dentes da arcada, com ocorrencia uni ou bilateral nos maxilares e mandibulares. A analise histopatologica de 13 animais revelou processo inflamatorio piogranulomatoso. Os dentes mais afetados nas arcadas dos animais jovens foram os segundo e terceiro pre-molares maxilares. Ja nos adultos foram o terceiro pre-molar e os molares, tanto maxilares quanto mandibulares. As lesoes causaram severa destruicao ossea, alteracao na arcada dentaria, na oclusao, perda dental e ocorrencia de abscessos periodontais. As caracteristicas epidemiologicas e clinico-patologicas do surto de periodontite em ovinos, aqui descritos originalmente nesta especie animal no Pais, assemelham-se as da periodontite bovina (“cara inchada”).