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Dentre os produtos de panificação, o bolo se destaca como um alimento apetitoso e com alto índice de aceitação por consumidores de várias idades e classes sociais. Não obstante, a adição de cervejas especiais na elaboração de mini bolos é algo novo e pode gerar produto inovador e isento de lactose. Entretanto, adicionar cerveja em mini bolos pode influenciar nas características do bolo. Assim, o objetivo deste estudo foi avaliar a coloração de minibolos desenvolvidos com adição de cervejas do tipo Red Ale e Pilsen em substituição ao leite. Foram elaborados três bolos, um bolo comum (padrão), e outros dois bolos com substituição do leite por cerveja do tipo Red Ale e Pilsen respectivamente. A determinação da cor foi realizada através da leitura dos parâmetros L*, a*, b*, do sistema CIELAB, por meio de colorímetro, as análises foram realizadas em 14 repetições. O bolo padrão apresentou os seguintes resultados 40,46±1,81, 6,38±1,63 e 16,22±1,44, para valores de L * , a* e b* respectivamente. O bolo elaborado com Red Ale apresentou valores de L * (41,89±2,45), a* (6,39±1,67) e b* (17.83±1,79) e o elaborado com Pilsen apresentou L *(39,57±1,74), a*(6,41±1,71) e b* (16,22±1,44). O parâmetro L * indica a luminosidade, ou a claridade (escuro ao claro), foi possível observar que a amostra padrão não diferenciou significativamente dos bolos adicionados de Red Ale e Pilsen, entretanto os bolos adicionados de Red Ale e Pilsen diferenciaram estatisticamente entre si. Todos os bolos apresentaram uma coloração marrom da crosta.

Factors that influence the acceptability and preferences of consumers have been perceived as sensory attributes, such as color, appearance, flavor, and texture. Understanding which attributes are most important for overall liking would be helpful to establish meaningful criteria for product grading. Thus, in addition to the overall chemical and sensory qualities, it is important to appreciate which sensory attributes make a product pleasant or unpleasant to a consumer. In this context, the aim of this study was to evaluate the sensory attribute that contributes most to the overall liking by a gamma regression model using different formulations of mixed fruit jams made with Brazilian Cerrado fruits. Based on the proposed model, we concluded that appearance was the most important predictor of the overall liking of the assessors.

We report on production of novel quaternary nanocomposite films based on thermoplastic starch (TPS, 8% w/v) derived from cassava, cocoa butter, (CB, 30% wt.%), and lemongrass essential oil (LEO, 1:1) nanoemulsions reinforced with different concentrations of brewery spent grain (BSG, 5 or 10 wt.%) fibers, by continuous casting. The chemical composition, the morphological, thermal, mechanical properties, film barrier, biodegradability in the vegetable compound, in addition to the application in chocolates, have been widely studied. The addition of CB, LEO, and BSG caused relevant changes in the starch-based films, such as increased extensibility (from 2.4-BSG5 to 9.4%-BSG10) and improved barrier to moisture (2.9 and 2.4 g.mm.kPa-1 .h-1 .m-2 ). Contrastingly, the thermal stability of the starch film was slightly decreased. The biodegradability of the herein developed quaternary nanocomposite films was the same as that of TPS films, eliminating concerns on the supplementation with active ingredients that are expected to have some biocidal effect. Despite checking antimicrobial activity only by contact under the biocomposites, chocolates packed with the films were well accepted by consumers, especially the samples of white chocolate stored in the BSG5 biocomposite. Overall, this new approach towards quaternary active, biodegradable films produced in a pilot-scale lamination unit was successful in either improving or at least maintaining the essential properties of TPS-based films for food packaging applications, while providing them with unique features and functionalities. PRACTICAL APPLICATION: This contribution relates to new approach toward quaternary films produced in a pilot-scale lamination unit. It relates to sustainability as it is both biodegradable and based on plant biomass, as well as produced via a clean, through high-yield process. The four components of the edible films we developed provide it with good in properties performance, as both a passive barrier (i.e. purely physical), and active, related to the sensory attributes of food, essential to be applied in food packaging. The valorization of a BSG also adds to the relevance of our contribution within the circular bioeconomy framework.

Background Strawberry quality is one of the most important factors that guarantees consistent commercialization of the fruit and ensures the consumer's satisfaction. This work makes innovative use of random forest (RF) to predict sensory measures of strawberries using physical and physical-chemical variables. Furthermore, it also employs these same physical and physical-chemical variables to classify strawberries in the classes "satisfied" or "not satisfied" and "would pay more" or "wouldn't pay more. The RF-based model predicts the acceptance, expectation, ideal of sweetness, ideal of acidity, and the ideal of succulence based on the physical and physical-chemical data. Then, the predicted parameters are used as input for the RF-based classification model. Results The RF achieved a coefficient of determination R2 > 0.72 and a root-mean-squared error (RMSE) smaller than 0.17 for the prediction task, which indicates that one can estimate the sensory measures of strawberries using physical and physical-chemical data. Furthermore, the RF was able to classify 87.95% of the strawberry samples correctly into the classes 'satisfied' and 'not satisfied' and 78.99% in the classes 'would pay more' or 'would not pay more'. A two-step RF model, which employed both physical and physical-chemical data to classify strawberry samples regarding the consumer's response also correctly classified 100% and 90.32% of the samples with respect to consumers' satisfaction and their willingness to pay more, respectively. Conclusion The results indicate that the developed models can be used in the quality control of strawberries, supporting the establishment of quality standards that consider the consumer's response. The proposed methodology can be extended to control the sensory quality of other fruits. © 2021 Society of Chemical Industry.

Diets with a high sodium chloride (NaCl) intake are indicated by doctors to be a factor responsible for causing cardiovascular disease. This has led to the search for NaCl substitutes used to prepare meals and process industrialized products, resulting in the food industry using new compounds. In this context, flavor enhancers appear to be able to maintain the sensory characteristics of food and reduce the amount of NaCl used. Substituting NaCl with other light commercial salts may also represent an alternative to reducing its consumption. Thus, it is of great importance to have a sensitive, portable, reliable, and cost-effective sensors for monitoring salt and flavor enhancers. For that reason, developing methodologies and devices able to chemically analyze salts and capable of establishing a relationship with human taste perception has become relevant for quality control and product development. In this context, this study proposes developing and applying an e-tongue system that can analyze aqueous solutions containing different concentrations of flavor enhancers (monosodium glutamate, disodium guanylate and disodium inosinate), light commercial salts and NaCl. The e-tongue comprised four gold interdigitated electrodes (IDEs) modified with layer-by-layer films of copper tetrasulfonated phthalocyanine (CuTsPc), polyaniline (PANI), reduced graphene oxide (rGO), poly(allylamine hydrochloride) (PAH) and silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) with different architectures. Data were statistically analyzed using principal component analysis (PCA). The e-tongue system proved to be efficient for identifying and discriminating flavor enhancers and commercial salts at different concentrations and is a possible alternative for quality control analysis and product development in the food industry.

PurposeThe main purpose of this paper was to evaluate the influence of the zein coating containing essential oils on the sensory characteristics of sodium-reduced mozzarellas.Design/methodology/approachMozzarellas were prepared by dipping in brine containing 5, 10, 15 or 20% of NaCl (w/v) that correspond, respectively, to 25, 50, 75 and 100% of NaCl content used in industry. These salted mozzarellas and another one, unsalted, were coated by an edible zein film added with 3% of a mixture of thyme and garlic essential oils (1:1). They were subjected to sensory analysis in relation to salty taste and overall impression. The mozzarella without salt reduction (20% NaCl w/v), coated or uncoated with the edible film, was also subjected to the analysis of water loss and microbiological quality, in order to evaluate the impact of this film on product quality.FindingsThe zein coating added with oils did not compromise the sensory acceptance of the mozzarella prepared with up to 50% of salt reduction. Water loss and microbial growth were lower in zein-coated mozzarella than in uncoated mozzarella. These results showed that this film could be applied as natural additive, contributing to the microbiological and sensory characteristics of the mozzarella.Originality/valueThis paper contributes to reducing the lack of studies in relation to new technologies for food preservation and sodium reduction. In addition, the zein coating containing essential oils can be tested on other food categories.

We evaluated the temporal profile of the flavor enhancers monosodium glutamate (MSG), disodium inosinate (IMP), disodium guanylate (GMP), and monoammonium glutamate (MAG). We also evaluated the ability of these flavor enhancers to enhance salty taste in solutions containing different reductions of sodium chloride. Four experiments were conducted using Central Composite Rotational Design (CCRD) with focus on two objectives: concentration of flavor enhancers (0% to 1%) and reduction of sodium chloride content (0% to 100%). A 0.75% saline solution of NaCl was used as a control. In each experiment, the treatments were evaluated by the intensity of salty and umami tastes using an intensity scale. Treatments, selected according to the results of CCRD, were analyzed using time-intensity (TI) and temporal dominance of sensations (TDS) analyses. Glutamates (MSG/MAG) showed greater capacity to enhance salty taste than treatments containing nucleotides (IMP/GMP). The intensity of umami taste, using all the examined flavor enhancers, showed a similar sensory profile. Temporal perception curves (TI and TDS) of salty and umami tastes also showed a similar temporal profile. The glutamic acid amino acids were better able to improve salty taste than nucleotides in any range of sodium chloride reduction. Flavor enhancers showed greater ability to increase salty taste in smaller reductions in sodium chloride content. PRACTICAL APPLICATION: This research expand the knowledge about the ability to enhance the salty taste of flavor enhancers in different reductions in sodium content, Beside that, will provide information about the time profile of flavor enhancers. This study provides scientific technical information on the ability to intensify the salty taste of flavor enhancers and can assist the industry to develop new low sodium products and encourage the scientific community to conduct future research on this subject.

Currently, there is a great demand for natural sweeteners. Miracle fruit has become a good alternative for a sweetener. However, it is important to optimize its quantities and check its application viability as a sweetener for bitter drinks. This study aimed to assess the effect of different miracle fruit quantities on the temporal sensory profile and overall taste of lemonade and green tea, to evaluate its effect in bitter beverages and to determine the optimal quantity to be used in these products. The lemonade results showed that the quantities of 150 mg, 300 mg and 600 mg of miracle fruit were effective in reducing acidity and promoting sweet perception. Furthermore, through the acceptance test, 300 mg miracle fruit showed to be an efficient substitute for sucrose and sucralose in lemonade. Miracle fruit was also effective for bitter beverages, but its effect was less pronounced. Temporal results showed that higher miracle fruit quantities (600 mg) are necessary to achieve similar profiles of sucralose in green tea. Regarding the sensory acceptance, similar results were obtained among the samples, indicating a potential use of miracle fruit as a natural sweetener for bitter beverages as well.

Prato cheese is one of the most consumed dairy products around the word, mainly in Brazil, being the second most produced cheese in the country. However, a great variation in the cheeses sensory profiles is observed. Therefore, knowledge about the attributes that drives the product acceptance is important for Prato cheese standardization, targeting the best production conditions for obtaining cheese quality improvement. Moreover, this study also contributes with information about the TDS and CATA methodologies for the sensory field. TDS and CATA were useful tools determining liking directors of Brazilian Prato cheese. Creamy, Salt and soft attributes were indicated as drivers of liking of Prato cheese, while hard, rubbery and bitter taste contributed negatively to the acceptance of the product.

Yogurt is a food with great acceptance by consumers. However, this product often contains excessive added sugar content. A potential strategy to reduce sugar content without compromising sensory quality is the addition of flavors. Thus, the objective of this work was to evaluate the relationship between flavors (vanilla and strawberry) and sweet taste, using a time-intensity analysis, temporal dominance of sensations (TDS) and acceptance test to verifying the viability of sugar reduction in yogurt with the addition of flavors. The results showed that 25% sugar reduction in yogurt with 0.2% vanilla flavor did not affect the sweetness, as shown in temporal profiles, and hedonic perception. The yogurt with 25% sugar reduction and 0.2% strawberry flavor proved to be as well accepted as samples with ideal concentration. Therefore, study of the flavor-taste interaction for the reformulation of foods represents an important strategy to reduce sucrose concentration, maintaining a similar temporal sweetness profile.

The objectives of this work were to produce nanoemulsions containing 1% (v/v) of Eugenia brejoensis Mazine essential oil (EO) at different rotation speeds (8000 and 12,000 rpm) and evaluate the antimicrobial effects of this EO against Pseudomonas fluorescens (ATCC 13525). Droplet average droplet size, size distribution, surface charge, and functional groups were taken into account. Droplet size was observed to decrease at higher rotation speeds (from 355.63 ± 21.70 to 143.13 ± 1.1 nm). Aggregation and sedimentation processes were prevented by a food-grade emulsifier, mainly in the system obtained at 8000 rpm. This stabilizing effect was confirmed by suitable ζ potential values (ca. −30 mV). Both nanoemulsions presented in vitro inhibitory effect against P. fluorescens. Nonetheless, the nanoemulsion containing ca. 355-nm-dia droplets presented larger inhibition zones. Hence, this nanoemulsion was tested in sliced ham preservation, but decreased inhibitory effects compared to in vitro tests were observed because insufficient oil content was incorporated into the slices. Therefore, while these nanoemulsions presented in vitro antimicrobial effectiveness, their application in real food products may be feasible upon the optimization of their synthesis conditions.

Brazilians and Slovakians evaluated the temporal profile and the acceptability of cachaca stored with different woods (Cumarurana (CM), Jatoba (JT) and, Louro-vermelho (LV), which are found in the Amazon rainforest, and also oak), with the aim of performing a cross-cultural comparison of the dynamic profile of the attributes perceived in the cachacas and the sensorial acceptance of the samples.; Results: Important differences were observed between the temporal sensorial profiles generated by the two groups and their preferences. Brazilians preferred cachacas stored with the traditional wood, oak, followed by those stored with JT and CM. In contrast, Slovakians preferred cachacas stored with JT, followed by those stored with LV and oak. For both countries, the dominance of wood flavor and vanilla attributes at the end of the analysis time was positively associated with acceptance, while the dominance of off-flavors and the wood flavor attribute at the beginning of the analysis time was negatively associated with acceptance for Brazilians and Slovakians, respectively.; Conclusion: Brazilians preferred cachaca stored with oak wood, and Slovakians preferred cachaca stored with JT wood, with acceptability being strongly associated with the dominance of wood flavor and vanilla attributes at the end of the evaluation time. © 2018 Society of Chemical Industry.; © 2018 Society of Chemical Industry.

In this study, we proposed the use of a multiple-sip temporal dominance of sensations (TDS) test alongside with an acceptance test over repeated consumption for the analysis of special beers, with the aim of contributing to a deeper understanding of consumer behavior regarding temporal descriptions and sensory acceptance. Consumers of special beers sequentially evaluated six sips of a particular type of beer by TDS analysis and an acceptance test was performed for each sip. Four different kinds of specialty beers were evaluated [Bohemian Pilsner (BP), Witbier (WB), Belgian Strong Ale Dubbel (BD), and Russian Imperial Stout (RS)]. In general, the descriptive profile of beers varied temporally, i.e., there was an increased dominance of bitterness and a decreased dominance of fruity, floral, toffee, and coffee attributes. Concurrently, a reduction in sensory acceptance with an increased number of sips, especially the last sip, was observed in two kinds of beers that possessed a strong flavor, BD and RS. BP and WB presented smooth attributes and low notable characteristics, which could have contributed to the maintenance of the acceptance grades as the number of sips increased. The combination of TDS and acceptance over repeated sips can be useful for obtaining detailed descriptions of products that are closer to real time consumption by consumers, and thus aids in ensuring good product performance once released. The information obtained can also help product development scientists to fine-tune product formulations and ensure acceptability.

Sensory analysis is one of the most important techniques to assess coffee quality. This study aimed to evaluate the sensory effect of inoculating two varieties of coffee (Ouro Amarelo and Mundo Novo) processed by a semi-dry method, with three yeast strains ( Saccharomyces cerevisiae CCMA 0200 and CCMA 0543 and Torulaspora delbrueckii CCMA 0684, respectively) obtained from the Culture Collection of Agriculture Microbiology (CCMA). Two sensory analysis techniques were used (cup taste and temporal dominance of sensations analysis). Pulped coffee beans were inoculated with the respective yeast strains and compared to a non-inoculated (control) sample. Ouro Amarelo showed the highest scores for the attributes evaluated compared to variety Mundo Novo. The use of strains CCMA 0543 and CCMA 0684 improved the beverage sensations of both coffee varieties. Variety Ouro Amarelo inoculated with CCMA 0543, highlighted acidity and nuts sensations and Mundo Novo inoculated with CCMA 0543 and CCMA 0684 treatments, respectively, reduced the astringency sensation. The addition of CCMA 0543 starter culture highlighted the acidity of the coffee, improving the sensory results among the yeast strains, for both coffee varieties. The use of two sensory analysis techniques provided better descriptive and comparative analysis of the sensory characteristics of the treatments.

Jabuticaba skin flour (JSF), rich in antioxidants and fibre, was used in order to develop four restructured hams in different combinations with meat: 0% control – without the addition of JSF, with the addition of 0.5% JSF, 1.0% JSF and 1.5% JSF, meeting, therefore, the growing demand for meat products with functional appeal. Physicochemical characterizations and sensory analysis were performed, evaluating the impact of information on possible health benefits and the effect on storage. Restructured hams with JSF had higher contents of phenolic compounds; greater weight loss; a darker shade; texture profile with smaller parameters of stiffness, cohesiveness, adhesiveness, flexibility and chewiness (except the restructured ham with 0.5% JSF). Phenolic compounds, pH values, colour and TBARs did not differ with storage time, but were statistically different among JSF concentrations. Panellists preferred the restructured ham without JSF, however, the analysis of variance for overall aspect did not show a significant difference between the restructured ham “control” and those added with 0.5% and 1.0% JSF, after informing the panellists that they would possibly bring health benefits. It is concluded that it is possible to prepare and store restructured hams with JSF, at concentrations of 0.5% and 1.0% with good acceptance.

Purpose People are increasingly concerned about food and health and seek for functional and sugar-free products. However, there are technological challenges when adding functional components and substituting sugar in foods. Thus, the purpose of this paper is to evaluate the influence of packaging and storage time on the sensory profile of functional diet guava preserve added with prebiotics, supporting the development of functional and sugar-free products and contributing to the product variety in the market. Design/methodology/approach A two-factor full factorial design was conducted in triplications that evaluated transparent and opaque packaging vs storage time (six months). The products were stored in packages with different light permeability (transparent and opaque). Quantitative descriptive analysis (QDA) and acceptance tests were performed. Findings The packaging material did not affect the sensory changes of functional diet guava preserve during the six months of storage. QDA test showed that from three months of storage the original characteristics of the product were lost and a slight decrease in overall acceptance was observed after four and six months. However, during the six months the products had good acceptance; consequently, it was not possible to establish their rejection before this period. Research limitations/implications More detailed studies regarding a longer storage period, including the physical and chemical measurements must be done to clarify other points about the influence of packaging and storage time on the sensory profile of functional diet guava preserve added with prebiotics. Therefore, researchers are encouraged to test the proposed propositions further. Practical implications The development of a functional and sugar-free preserve is a good alternative to provide a product that meets the actual consumer desires and adds value to the product. However, there are technological challenges when adding functional components and substituting sugar in foods. Thus, this study provides important information for the development of sugar-free and functional products, and to prolong their shelf life. Originality/value There are few studies with respect to the sensory aspects during the storage of functional preserves. Thus, this work will aid future studies, supporting the development of functional and sugar-free products and contributing to the product variety in the market.

This study aimed to evaluate the behavior of different panels with three different profiles: consumers, panel selected based on their good sensory ability, and selected and “familiarized” panel (introduced to the attributes involved in the analysis and conducting three preliminary tests before the final test), for TDS analysis of chocolates with different cocoa contents. TDS curves were analyzed by multivariate ANOVA (MANOVA), followed by the interaction deployment and by PCA. The different panels provided different descriptions for chocolate samples with 35% and 53% cocoa and similar descriptions for the sample with 63% cocoa. Moreover, higher dominance rates were observed in the consumer results. Through MANOVA and PCA it was possible to verify that Panel I was able to discriminate the three chocolates, while the selected panel and the selected and familiarized panel only discriminated chocolate with 35% cocoa from the others. Furthermore, we found that the consumers group spent less time to elect the first sensation and used more attributes to describe the chocolate with 35% cocoa. This indicated that the selection protocol associated with only two sessions to introduce the panelists to TDS procedures and temporality notion, and the familiarization with the TDS sensations protocol used in this study followed by three preliminary TDS tests were not sufficient to improve the TDS response regarding the consumer evaluation.

High sugar consumption has been related to several chronic diseases and thus, many alternative sweeteners have been extensively researched. However, there is still controversy regarding the harmful effects of their consumption, mainly regarding the use of artificial sweeteners, controversy which increases the demand for natural sweeteners, such as miracle fruit. This tropical plant grows in West Africa is named for its unique ability of changing a sour taste into sweet. Therefore, this study aimed to characterize the temporal profile of miracle fruit and assess its sugar substitute power in sour beverages through time-intensity and temporal dominance of sensations tests. For this, unsweetened lemonade and lemonades with sugar, sucralose and previous miracle fruit ingestions were evaluated. We noted that the dynamic profile of lemonade ingested after miracle fruit ingestion indicates that it seems to be a good sugar substitute, since it provides high sweetness intensity and persistence, reduced product sourness and an absence of aftertastes. The miracle fruit also provided a sensory profile similar to that of sucralose, an established and recognized sugar substitute. The results of this study provide important information for future applications of miracle fruit as a sugar substitute in sour beverages, providing an alternative use for a natural substance as a sweetening agent.

The objective of this study was to evaluate the volatile composition and the sensory effect of the presence of Quaker beans in natural specialty coffee beverage and, consequently, to confront the requirement of the Specialty Coffee Association regarding the total absence of Quaker beans in a natural specialty coffee batch. Sensory analysis and volatile composition were performed for three different colorations of Quaker beans, added separately to natural specialty coffee samples at seven different concentrations. Beans with color equal to or above Agtron 82.8 negatively affected the sensory characteristics of natural specialty coffee only from the presence of 7 Quaker beans in one cup (65 beans). Through the analysis of volatile composition, volatile compounds formed during roasting were identified in Quaker beans from precursors present in raw immature beans. Therefore, the color and sensory characteristics of Quaker are a consequence of the chemical composition of an immature bean.

This study aimed to characterize the volatile composition and sensory characteristics of virgin olive oils (VOOs) from eight olive cultivars grown in the southeast region of Brazil. The volatiles were extracted by Solid Phase Micro Extraction (SPME) and analyzed by Gas Chromatography coupled to MassSpectrometry (GC-MS). The dominant sensory attributes were determined by Temporal Dominance of Sensations (TDS). C5 and C6 alcohols and C6 aldehydes were the most abundant volatiles in the investigated VOOs. E-2-hexenal was among the majorityof volatiles in all investigated olive oils, mainly in VOOs fromcultivars Arbequina, Arbosana and Grappolo 541, in which it had the most of their chromatographic area (about 60-80%). VOOs from cultivars Maria da Fe, Mission, Arbosana and Arbequina were characterized by the dominance of pungency sensation, as well as Frantoio regarding to bitter. Grappolo yielded an olive oil withpredominance of bitter, and a blended VOO (Grappolo 541 and Arbequina) had predominance of green leaf. VOO from Ascolano cultivar had dominance of fruity and pungency. Overall, pungent was the main dominant sensation in most of the investigated VOOs, which can be related to C5 and C6 volatiles.

Various strategies to reduce food sodium content have been studied. They all seek to reduce sodium content as much as possible and, at the same time, minimize the undesirable sensory changes that can be caused by removing sodium chloride. This study evaluated the effect of reducing the size of particles in a low sodium salt mixture (sodium chloride, potassium chloride, and monosodium glutamate) on salting potency, time-intensity profile, and temporal dominance of sensations (TDS) in shoestring potatoes. We found that the smaller the particle-size of the salt mixture, the greater the perception of saltiness. Accordingly, in order to achieve the same perception of saltiness as with unmilled salt (unmilled sodium chloride), lower concentrations of the microparticulated salt mixtures can be used. However, along with the increased perception of salty taste, that umami taste was perceived in shoestring potatoes with a mixture of particles sized 88 μm and 60 μm. A 69% reduction in sodium content is possible by means of a 117 μm mixture of salts without change in sensory quality. The results of this work represent a potential strategy for reducing sodium in similar products such as snacks and chips, among others.

Properly conducted cocoa fermentation is an important step for the production of high-quality chocolate. The aim of this work was to investigate the effect of four cocoa varieties (CCN51, PS1030, FA13, and CEPEC 2004) inoculated with Saccharomyces cerevisiae CA11 on microbial communities and the profile of volatile compounds and sensory characteristics of chocolate. The S. cerevisiae population increased significantly (p S. cerevisiae and Hanseniaspora guilliermondii , while Lactobacillus casei and Gluconobacter oxidans were the predominant bacteria in the four different fermentations analyzed. Sixty-one volatile compounds—including aldehydes (11), ketones (10), esters (14), acids (8), alcohols (8), pyrazines (5), furans (3), and others (caffeine and heptadecane)—were detected and quantified by GC–MS in the different chocolates. The sensory analysis showed that caramel was perceptible in the chocolate of PS1030, while CEPEC2004 was related to astringency, bitterness, and chocolate flavor attributes. The chocolates produced from FA13 and CCN51 were more similar in terms of sour and chocolate aroma. A “temporal dominance of sensation” (TDS) analysis showed that although the bitter attribute was dominant, the fruity, sweet, sour, astringent, and cocoa attributes were also perceptible, depending on the cocoa variety. These results suggest that the cocoa varieties had an influence on the chocolate's quality, which should be considered to obtain chocolate with different sensory characteristics or for better standardization of the process, even when using yeast as a starter culture.

Temporal dominance of sensations (TDS) method is used to investigate the perception of sensory attributes over time after ingesting a food. In this study, we used multivariate approaches for TDS data assessment based on Parallel Factor Analysis (PARAFAC) and Principal Component Analysis. Tests were performed in triplicate with 10 selected panelists who were acquainted with chocolate attributes. Six samples of chocolate containing different cocoa contents (28%, 34%, 41%, 55%, 70%, and 85%) were evaluated for 40 s. PARAFAC was able to compare the entire TDS curves of the products, which allowed discrimination among the chocolates on the basis of TDS profile pattern recognition. In addition, PARAFAC enabled identification of attributes that contributed the most toward product discrimination and assessment of the influence of time. PCA enabled the discrimination of the chocolates on the basis of parameters that summarize TDS curves and the assessment of the influence of the quantitative curve parameters on the discrimination of the samples. The approaches present as complementary tools to assist TDS interpretations and can be used in conjunction with other statistical methods.

A high protein plain yoghurt formulation was optimised using the Euclidian distance on the Napping® test, measuring the distance among formulations sweetened with stevia and standard samples sweetened with sucrose and sucralose. The optimised formulation was validated through temporal dominance of sensations and acceptance tests. The required amounts of the stevias to provide, at a minimum cost, the same sensory characteristics as the standard samples were 55% of stevia 1 (75% rebaudioside A + stevioside), 5% of stevia 2 (95% rebaudioside A), and 40% of stevia 3 (50% rebaudioside A), which was the best stevia mix found in this study. The stevia mix was an excellent alternative in high protein plain yoghurt, since its sensory profile was very similar to those of sucrose and sucralose. Additionally, there was no significant difference with respect to consumer acceptance.

Edible films supplemented with active ingredients are promising for food packaging and preservation. Numerous plant essential oils present antimicrobial activity against pathogenic microorganisms, but their low solubility in water limits food-related applications. Emulsification is herein exploited as a means of improving the dispersion of such active substances in water, imparting increased functionality and reduced degradation. Lemongrass essential oil (LEO) was directly emulsified as dispersed phase into aqueous solutions of pectin, which was used together with Tween 80 as polymeric emulsifiers. LEO nano- and micro-sized droplets were added to film-forming formulations based on glycerol-plasticized cassava starch (TPS) and then dried into films by continuous casting. LEO contents in films relied upon microbiological assays to ensure antimicrobial activity. Films’ chemical composition, morphological, thermal, mechanical, and barrier properties, in addition to biodegradability in vegetal compost, were comprehensively studied. In general, emulsions were suitably dispersed within the TPS matrix, both phases showing good interaction and compatibility. Emulsification caused important changes in the TPS-based films, such as improved colorimetric attributes, thermal stability, barrier to moisture, and mechanical properties. Another key observation was the maintenance of the biodegradation profile in soil of TPS after the addition of LEO emulsions. Overall, the emulsification approach was successful in providing TPS films with multifunctionality by the supplementation of an active substance without negatively affecting its fundamental properties for food packaging applications.

The evaluation of the microbiota present during coffee wet fermentation was done in two distinct regions of Minas Gerais, Brazil: one farm in the South of Minas Gerais (Lavras=L) and another farm in the savannah region (Monte Carmelo=MC). The yeast population ranged from 2.48 to 4.92 log CFU/g and from 2 to 4.81 log CFU/g, the mesophilic bacteria population ranged from 3.83 to 8.47 log CFU/g and from 5.37 to 7.36 log CFU/g, and the LAB population ranged from 2.57 to 5.66 log CFU/g and from 3.40 to 4.49 log CFU/g in the L and MC farms, respectively. Meyerozyma caribbica and Hanseniaspora uvarum were the dominant yeasts in coffee wet fermentation at L farm, and Torulaspora delbrueckii was the dominant yeast at MC farm. The species Staphylococcus warneri and Erwinia persicina were the predominant bacteria at L farm, and Enterobacter asburiae and Leuconostoc mesenteroides were the dominant species at MC farm. Lactic acid was the principal acid detected, reaching 2.33 g/kg at L farm and 1.40 g/kg at MC farm by the end of the process. The volatiles composition was similar for roasted coffee from the two different regions and furans, acids, and alcohol were the main groups detected. Temporal Dominance Sensation (TDS) analyses showed that the coffee beverage from L farm was dominated by citrus and herbaceous sensory characteristics, while the coffee from MC farm was dominated by citrus, herbaceous, and nuts sensory characteristics. Evaluating the microbiota in these two regions was important in improving the knowledge of the microbial species present during coffee wet fermentation in Brazil.

Five brands of Brazilian chocolate milk were subjected to physicochemical and acceptability analysis. The moisture content, fat content, pH and soluble solids content varied between 78.35 and 84.27 g/100 mL, 1.68 and 3.08 g/100 mL, 7.11 and 7.44, 14.0 and 19.0° Brix, respectively, while the ash contents and % lactic acid equivalents were similar. Four of the tested brands had acceptable scores in all attributes; however, one had lower acceptability scores and lower values for luminosity, chromaticity, b* and hue angle, which are potential indicators of the sensory quality. Strong chocolate aroma, strong chocolate flavour, strong brown colour, brightness and sandiness may be used as indicators of low acceptability for chocolate milk.

The dynamic of Saccharomyces cerevisiae, Pichia kluyveri and Hanseniaspora uvarum during spontaneous and inoculated cocoa fermentations and their effect on sensory characteristics of chocolate were investigated. Yeast populations were assessed by qPCR. S. cerevisiae was predominant during spontaneous (average 5.4 log cell/g) and inoculated (average 7.2 log cell/g) fermentations. The H. uvarum seemed to be suppressed by the other two yeasts, as it showed similar population (approximately 4.0 log cell/g) even in the inoculated assay. Carbohydrates were consumed quickly at inoculated fermentation (68% and 42% were consumed in the inoculated and control assays respectively, at 24 h). Ethanol content was higher in the inoculated (8.3 g/kg at 48 h) than in the control (4.6 g/kg at 96 h) fermentation. Consumers did not report a significant preference for either chocolate (p

This study evaluates the effect of functional and diet/light claims on acceptance of chocolate dairy desserts. One hundred consumers participated in the tests of sensory acceptability in relation to the attributes of appearance, aroma, flavor, texture and overall liking. Tests were conducted using the same composition of samples and varying only the claims. Internal Preference map using parallel factor analysis and Principal Component Analysis (PCA) was performed using the consumer data. Data showed that consumers evaluated the claims differently. The samples with the addition of prebiotic claim and declaring the functional property of prebiotics were preferred by them. As the samples with the addition of diet/light claims, which received highest scores. It was concluded that the addition of claims may be suitable to be used in a chocolate dairy dessert with high acceptance by consumers. Practical Applications The role that food industry plays on people's everyday life is undeniable, as well as the importance of diet on the prevention of diseases and its association to health promotion. Food industry has amplified market by providing practical foods and goods for consumers’ convenience. The effect of information addition on the label of these foods is a study of great importance for food industries, as contributing to a better targeting of information, as the claims, and thus greater acceptance by consumers.

Several studies have shown the close relationship between the sodium consumption and health problems such as hypertension and cardiovascular disease. Thus, the demand for products with reduced sodium content, but with sensory quality, is increasing every day. In this context, this study aimed to optimize a low sodium salts mix using sodium chloride, potassium chloride, and monosodium glutamate to the development of shoestring potatoes with low sodium content and high sensory quality, through mixture design and response surface methodology. The salts mix that promotes the same salting power and similar sensory acceptability that the shoestring potatoes with 1.6% sodium chloride (ideal concentration) and at the same time promotes the greatest possible reduction of sodium, about 65%, should provide the composition as follows: 0.48% of sodium chloride, 0.92% of potassium chloride, and 0.43% of monosodium glutamate.

The aim of this study was to evaluate the use of yeasts as starter cultures in coffee semi-dry processing. Arabica coffee was inoculated with one of the following starter cultures: Saccharomyces cerevisiae UFLA YCN727, S. cerevisiae UFLA YCN724, Candida parapsilosis UFLA YCN448 and Pichia guilliermondii UFLA YCN731. The control was not inoculated with a starter culture. Denaturing gradient gel electrophoresis (DGGE) was used to assess the microbial population, and organic acids and volatile compounds were quantified by HPLC and HS-SPME/GC, respectively. Sensory analyses were evaluated using the Temporal Dominance of Sensations (TDS). DGGE analysis showed that the inoculated yeasts were present throughout the fermentation. Other yeast species were also detected, including Debaryomyces hansenii, Cystofilobasidium ferigula and Trichosporon cavernicola. The bacterial population was diverse and was composed of the following genera: Weissella, Leuconostoc, Gluconobacter, Pseudomonas, Pantoea, Erwinia and Klebsiella. Butyric and propionic acids, were not detected in any treatment A total of 47 different volatiles compounds have been identified. The coffee inoculated with yeast had a caramel flavor that was not detected in the control, as assessed by TDS. The use of starter cultures during coffee fermentation is an interesting alternative for obtaining a beverage quality with distinctive flavor.

Data about overall liking and physical and physical–chemical analysis for oranges, pineapples, and grapes were analyzed by Principal Component Analysis (PCA). Results showed that solid soluble variables, soluble solids content/total titratable acidity ratio, and pH contributed positively and titratable acidity contributed negatively to the overall liking grade, indicating preference for sweeter and less acidic fruit samples. Consumer acceptances were calibrated against physical and physical–chemical measurements of those fruits using Multiple Linear Regression. The models obtained were then validated and tested using the widely used methods of y-randomization and external validation. In all cases, multivariate models presented R2 values >0.7, which were higher than for the univariate models. Therefore, the models built and validated for oranges, pineapples, and grapes can be used to predict the consumer acceptance by easy and quick physical and physical–chemical measurements, ensuring that fruit commercialization takes sensory acceptance into consideration.

Garlic and salt spice is widely used in Brazilian cookery, but it has a high sodium content; as high sodium intake has been strongly correlated to the incidence of chronic diseases. This study aimed to develop a garlic and salt spice with reduced sodium intake. Sensory evaluation was conducted by applying the spices to cooked rice. First, the optimal concentration of spice added during rice preparation was determined. Subsequently, seasonings (3:1) were prepared containing 0%, 50% and 25% less NaCl using a mixture of salts consisting of KCl and monosodium glutamate; a seasoning with a 0% NaCl reduction was established as a control. Three formulations of rice with different spices were assessed according to sensory testing acceptance, time-intensity and temporal domain of sensations. The proportions of salts used in the garlic and salt spice did not generate a strange or bad taste in the products; instead, the mixtures were less salty. However, the seasonings with lower sodium levels (F2 and F3) were better accepted in comparison to the traditional seasoning (F1). Therefore, a mixture of NaCl, KCl and monosodium glutamate is a viable alternative to develop a garlic and salt spice with reduced sodium intake. O tempero alho e sal é amplamente utilizado na culinária brasileira, mas possui um alto teor de sódio. Como a alta ingestão de sódio tem sido fortemente correlacionada com a incidência de doenças crônicas, este estudo teve como objetivo desenvolver um tempero alho e sal com teor de sódio reduzido. A avaliação sensorial dos temperos foi conduzida através da aplicação dos mesmos ao arroz cozido. Primeiramente, a concentração ótima de tempero adicionado durante a preparação do arroz foi determinada. Subseqüentemente, temperos (3:1) foram preparadas contendo 0%, 50% e 25% de redução de NaCl, utilizando uma mistura de sais contendo KCl e glutamato monossódico. Um tempero com 0% de redução de NaCl foi estabelecido como controle. Três formulações de arroz elaboradas com os diferentes temperos foram avaliadas pelo teste de aceitação sensorial, tempo-intensidade e domínio temporal das sensações. As proporções de sais utilizadas no tempero alho e sal não geraram gostos estranhos ou ruins aos produtos, mas surtiram em produtos menos salgados. No entanto, os temperos com níveis mais baixos de sódio (F2 e F3) foram melhor aceitos em comparação ao tempero tradicional (F1). Portanto, uma mistura de NaCl , KCl e glutamato monossódico é uma alternativa viável para desenvolver um tempero alho e sal com reduzido teor de sódio.

This study aimed to evaluate the implications of analyzing texture and taste simultaneously on Temporal Dominance of Sensations (TDS) descriptions of Prato cheese. TDS tests were performed in two ways: I-panelists performed TDS tests of cheeses evaluating an attribute list with taste and texture sensations in a same session; II-TDS sessions were performed for each sensory modality. The difficulty and reliability degrees on performing the tests were assessed by the panelists; and some physico-chemical parameters were determined to compare the sensory and instrumental results. During TDS tests, simultaneous evaluations provided a higher number of significant sensations (considering both taste and texture sensations), but at lower dominance rates. Moreover, it was noted that one of the main implications of the simultaneous analysis on TDS results was the temporality differences (the time to reach the significance level, the sensation duration and the sensations sequence). However, regarding only the attributes that most characterized the samples, the results suggested a great similarity between the descriptions obtained from both TDS modalities. The simultaneous analysis implied greater difficulty in performing the tests and less reliable results according to the panelist's opinions. Moreover, the panel considered the texture evaluation more difficult than the taste evaluation. Regarding the instrumental analysis, the physico-chemical parameter intensity (amplitude) was not strongly linked to the maximum dominance rate.