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Higher education institutions play an important role in the transition processes to sustainable development through developing critical thinking (CT) in their students. The case of the Research Methodology course of the International Cooperation Master&rsquo, s degree at the Universitat Polit&egrave, cnica de Val&egrave, ncia is a paradigmatic case of experiential learning, where students face their own realities related to sustainable topics through an action research project with the Agroecological Market (AM). The learning methodology is project-based learning and helps the participants to deeply analyze problems related to the transition of socio-technical systems, such as sustainable food. The objective of this research was to analyze the contribution of project-based learning to students&rsquo, critical thinking through a qualitative analysis of the pedagogical outputs obtained during the course. The analysis and results are structured in three dimensions of critical thinking: (i) students&rsquo, critical attitude towards reality, (ii) students&rsquo, ability to reason and analyze in order to form their own rigorous judgments, and (iii) students&rsquo, capacity to construct and deconstruct their own experiences and meanings. The results show that project-based learning using a real-life scenario helped students reflect on their critical thinking and the challenges that our societies face for a transition to sustainability.

[EN] This paper presents a dataset concerning the consequences of the COVID-19 pandemic and home confinement on the educational community and families, and the possibilities and opportunities for the return to schools. Data were collected through an online based cross-sectional survey between June 29, 2020 and July 12, 2020 in Spain. A total of 7,305 people who had children in their care during the COVID-19 crisis and the home-confinement period responded to the survey. The survey contained items concerning (i) socio-demographic information, (ii) conciliation of work, personal and family life during confinement, (iii) the impact of the pandemic on the respondent's family, and (iv) the respondents' opinion on their child(ren)'s return to school. Data were analysed using Stata (version 14) and are represented as frequencies and percentages based on responses to the entire survey. Researchers can use the dataset to analyse how home confinement impacted people with children in their care. Additionally, government authorities and education policymakers can use the data to ensure that schools respond to parents' main concerns in a pandemic context, as well as to be prepared to implement appropriate protocols in possible future similar crisis.

the C-section rate has been criticized as a performance indicator for not considering that different hospitals manage deliveries with diverse risks. In this work we explore the characteristics of a new indicator restricted to low C-section risk deliveries.retrospective cohort of all births (n=214,611) in all public hospitals during 2005-2010 in the Valencia Region, Spain (source: minimum basic dataset). A low-risk subpopulation consisting of women under-35, no history of c-section, between 37 and 41 gestational weeks, and with a single fetus, with cephalic presentation and normal weight (2500-3999 g) was constructed. We analyzed variability in the new indicator, its correlation with the crude indicator and, using multilevel logistic regression models, the presence of residual risks.a total of 117 589 births (58.4% of the whole deliveries) were identified as low C-section risk. The c-section rate in these women was 11.9% (24.4% for all deliveries) ranging between hospitals from 7.0% to 28.9%. The c-section rate in low-risk and total deliveries correlated strongly (r=0.88). The remaining risks in the population of low risk did not alter the hospital effect on the c-section rate.the percentage of C-section in low risk women include a high volume of deliveries, correlated with the crude indicator and residual risks are not differentially influenced by hospitals, being a useful indicator for monitoring the quality of obstetric care in the National Health System.

Fundamentos: el uso del "porcentaje de cesáreas" como indicador de calidad ha sido criticado por no considerar que los hospitales atienden partos con riesgos diferentes que podrían justificar su variabilidad. El objetivo de este trabajo es explorar las características de un indicador restringido al porcentaje de cesáreas en partos de bajo riesgo. Métodos: cohorte retrospectiva de todos los partos atendidos en hospitales públicos de la Comunidad Valenciana durante el periodo 2005-2010 (n=214.611; fuente: Conjunto mínimo de datos básicos), en la que se identificaron los partos de bajo riesgo (edad menor 35 años, sin antecedentes de cesárea, duración de lasgestación entre 37-41 semanas, y feto único, presentación cefálica y normopeso. Se analizó la variabilidad en el indicador, su correlación con el indicador bruto y, mediante modelos de regresión logística multinivel, la presencia de riesgos remanentes. Resultados: un total de 117.589 (58,4% del total) partos fueron identificados como de bajo riesgo. El porcentaje de cesáreas en este subgrupo fue del 11,9% (24,4% para el total) con un rango entre hospitales del 7,0% al 28,9%. El porcentaje de cesáreas en bajo riesgo y total se correlacionaron fuertemente (r=0,88). El ajuste de los riesgos remanentes en la población de bajo riesgo no alteró el efecto hospital sobre el porcentaje de cesáreas. Conclusiones: el porcentaje de cesáreas en partos de bajo riesgo incluye un alto volumen de partos, correlaciona con el indicador bruto y los riesgos remanentes no están influidos diferencialmente por los hospitales, siendo útil para monitorizar la calidad de la atención obstétrica en el Sistema Nacional de Salud.