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Research on child well-being under 10 years old is limited. A first step towards stimulating research targeting this population is the validation of psychometric scales across cultures. The current study examines the cross-cultural validity of the Children’s Worlds - Subjective Well-being Scale (CS-SWBS-8-year-old version), a six-item subjective well-being scale in an international sample of 8-year-olds (N = 20,822) across 19 countries. A confirmatory factor analysis of the CW-SWBS-8yo showed adequate fit after structural equation modelling. Multi-group analysis supported scalar invariance when one of the countries (Chile) was not included in the model. When testing convergent validity, results suggested that the CW-SWBS-8yo is predicted by life satisfaction, positive affect, and negative affect. Overall, the findings support the use of the CW-SWBS-8yo in 8 year-olds in both eastern and western countries.

The proliferation of mental health research is orienting its efforts towards the exploration of psychological well-being. One of the main burdens is the measurement challenges reported by the widely used Psychological Well-Being Scale (PWBS), which has often been criticized for inconsistencies between the theoretical and the empirical model. A potential alternative to understand the structure of psychological well-being is network models, which conceptualizes psychological phenomena as emerging systems of mutually connected variables. Employing exploratory graph analysis, we examined the network structure of the Spanish 29-item PWBS in a random sample of 1,404 adults. We estimated a regularized partial correlation network using the graphical LASSO algorithm in the item and dimension level. We tested the stability of both networks and identified the most important variables of the network. The PWBS network model revealed four dimensions, with self-acceptance, life purpose and environmental mastery clustering together. Node strength centrality suggested that self-acceptance is the most central dimension in the psychological well-being structure as measured by the PWBS. Despite the network model of psychological well-being did not replicate the theoretical structure of Ryff's model, it provides a novel conceptualization of psychological well-being and proposes target indicators for mental health interventions Open Access funding provided thanks to the CRUE-CSIC agreement with Wiley

Background Sociosexuality explains whether people hold an (un)restricted orientation toward casual sex, and its effects on well-being are inconclusive. This study investigates how specifically the ...

To explore the existing knowledge in the literature about nurses' clinical leadership in the intensive care unit.A scoping review was conducted according to ArkseyO'Malley's methodology. The search process encompassed five main online databases, PubMed (including MEDLINE), CINAHL, PsycINFO, Scopus and Cochrane, for the period January 2007-September 2022. Data abstraction, quality appraisal and narrative synthesis were conducted in line with the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic reviews and meta-Analyses extension for Scoping Reviews (PRISMA-ScR) guidelines.Eleven studies were included. The evidence reveals that idealised influence, motivational inspiration, intellectual stimulation and intrinsic individual consideration are the key clinical nurse leader competencies needed in the intensive care unit. The compatible leadership styles in this setting are situational and transformational. Communication skills and professional experience seem to be determinants to consider in the strategies to promote clinical leadership in intensive care units.This scoping review provides broad and comprehensive knowledge, which helps to understand, in a single study, the key competencies, leadership styles, determinants and strategies needed to promote intensive care unit nurses' clinical leadership.

Tumor molecular profiling upon disease progression enables investigations of the tumor evolution. Next-generation sequencing (NGS) of liquid biopsies constitutes a noninvasive readily available source of tumor molecular information. In this study, 124 plasma samples from advanced EGFR-positive NSCLC patients, treated with a first-line EGFR tyrosine kinase inhibitor (EGFR-TKI) were collected upon disease progression. The circulating cell-free DNA (cfDNA) was sequenced using the Oncomine Pan-Cancer Cell-Free Assay™. Excluding EGFR mutations, the most frequently mutated gene was TP53 (57.3%), followed by APC (11.3%), FGFR3 (7.3%), and KRAS (5.6%). Different molecular alterations were observed upon disease progression depending on the location of the original EGFR-sensitizing mutation. Specifically, the detection of the p.T790M mutation was significantly associated with the presence of exon 19 mutations in EGFR (Fisher p-value: 0.028). All KRAS activating mutations (n = 8) were detected in tumors with EGFR mutations in exons 18 and 21 (Fisher p-value < 0.001). Similarly, mutations in NRAS and HRAS were more frequently detected in samples from tumors harboring mutations in exons 18 or 21 (Fisher p-value: 0.050 and Fisher p-value: 0.099, respectively). In conclusion, our data suggest that the mechanisms underlying EGFR-TKI resistance could be dependent on the exon location of the original EGFR-sensitizing mutation.

The network approach poses an alternative focus to understand psychological constructs as emerging from mutual interactions among indicators. Network psychometrics has been applied to psychopathology to unravel the connections between symptoms, but it can also be applied to the study of well-being. The role of character strengths in mental health is at the forefront of research attention. Previous findings suggest that heart character strengths are more predictive of mental health than mind character strengths. Nevertheless, researchers have rarely applied the network approach in this context. The present study examines, from the network approach, the connections between heart and mind character strengths and mental health. Building upon the dual-factor model of mental health, positive (i.e., happiness and life satisfaction) and negative indicators (i.e., depression) were included in the assessment of this construct. A sample of 597 Spanish undergraduates (M = 23.52; SD = 5.25; 75.6% females) completed cross-sectional self-report measures. Network analysis was used to estimate a network composed of two communities: character strengths and mental health. We used centrality analysis to calculate the importance of each node and bridge centrality to examine the interactions between the communities. The results indicated that the heart strengths of love, zest, hope, and gratitude reported the highest bridge strength centrality, suggesting that they played an intermediary role activating and deactivating components of mental health. Adopting the network approach to explore the connections between character strengths and mental health can help design focused intervention strategies in psychology.

The study of cardiovascular risk factors has been deeply described in recent years, but the findings on the complex role of psychological indicators (i.e. happiness and depression) on cardiovascular health are mixed. The primary goal of our study was to examine the extent to which certain psychological aspects, namely happiness and depression, can predict cardiovascular risk. A sample of 173 (

Objective: Two studies were conducted to investigate fear of happiness through the lens of the dual continua model of mental health. Methods: In Study 1, we examined whether depression (indicator of mental illness) and happiness (indicator of mental health) predicted fear of happiness through a Structural Equation Model. In Study 2, we ran a quasi‐experimental design to examine differences in affect (positive and negative), happiness and depression when engaging in either fearless or fearful beliefs of happiness. Results: Fear of happiness was positively and negatively predicted by depression and happiness, respectively. Fearless individuals reported higher positive affect and happiness, and lower negative affect and depression, than fearful individuals. Conclusions: Fearing happiness might act as a maladaptive self‐verifying motive to enhance one's perspective of the world. Given the likelihood of modifying maladaptive cognitive patterns, we highlight different psychological interventions that can address the negative impact of fearful beliefs of happiness.

Survival data support the use of first-line osimertinib as the standard of care for epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR)-positive non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC). However, it remains unclear whether upfront osimertinib is superior to sequential first- or second-generation tyrosine kinase inhibitors (TKIs) followed by osimertinib for all patients. It is impossible to predict which patients are at high risk of progression, and this constitutes a major limitation of the sequential TKI approach.A total of 830 plasma samples from 228 patients with stage IV, EGFR-positive NSCLC who were treated with first-line TKIs were analysed by digital polymerase chain reaction (dPCR).The circulating tumour DNA (ctDNA) levels helped to identify patients with significantly improved survival rate, regardless of the treatment. Patients treated with first- or second-generation TKIs (N = 189) with EGFR mutations in plasma at a mutant allele frequency (MAF)7% before treatment initiation (low-risk patients) or who were ctDNA negative after 3 or 6 months of treatment and with an MAF7% at diagnosis (high responders) had two-thirds lower risk of death than patients in the opposite situation (adjusted hazard ratio [HR] = 0.38; 95% confidence interval [CI]: 0.23-0.64 and HR = 0.22; 95% CI: 0.12-0.42, respectively). The median overall survival (OS) for low-risk patients and high responders treated with first- or second-generation TKIs was 34.2 months and not reached, respectively, regardless of second-line treatment. There were no significant difference in OS between low-risk or high-responder patients treated upfront with osimertinib (N = 39) and those treated under a sequential approach with osimertinib (N = 60). Median OS was not reached in both cases.Pre-treatment ctDNA levels identify low-risk patients, who may benefit from sequential TKI treatment. Information regarding EGFR mutation clearance can help to improve patient selection.

Introduction Time attitudes refer to the way individuals feel about their past, present, and future and have been associated with adolescent-specific developmental, social, and emotional changes. The dual-factor model of mental health proposes that optimal functioning entails high levels of emotional, social, and psychological well-being, as well as low levels of psychopathology. Since previous research has suggested that time attitudes can assist in understanding the development of adolescents, the primary objective of this study was to examine the relationship between time attitudes and mental health according to the dual-factor model. Methods: A total of 317 Spanish high school students aged between 14 and 16 years (45.1% females) participated in the study. Time attitudes were assessed with the Adolescent and Adult Time Inventory-Time Attitudes Scale, and profiles were identified through person-centered analysis. Data were also gathered on well-being and psychological distress measures, which were analyzed as distal outcomes. Results: Four time attitude profiles were identified – negatives, positives, past negatives, and present/future negatives. Adolescents belonging to the positive profile reported higher scores on well-being and lower scores on psychological distress. The psychological well-being and depression constructs had higher (positive and negative, respectively) scores across all profiles. These results suggested an association between time attitude profiles and mental health according to the dual-factor model. Conclusions: We suggest that positive psychology interventions may nudge adolescents towards a more positive appraisal of the past, present, and future and promote their mental health and positive development. Further practical implications are discussed.

The present study aimed to analyse the influence of the music level of motivation, compared to the absence of music, on intermittent fitness and agility, in a group of young well-trained basketball players. On alternate days, thirteen players (14.85 ± 0.68 years, 188 ± 0.05 cm, 75.89 ± 8.02 kg) were assessed of the V-Cut test (agility test including changes of direction) and the 30–15 Intermittent Fitness Test (30-15IFT; maximal running speed under fatigue). There were six testing sessions over three consecutive weeks, with three different randomized conditions: team-selected High Motivating Music (HMM), Low Motivating Music (LMM), and the No-Music condition (NM). Arterial oxygen saturation, Heart Rate, Lactate (BLa), Perceived Readiness, and the Rating of Perceived Effort of the session (RPE30) were registered. As a main finding, HMM largely enhanced performance in the 30-15IFT (p

Tumor molecular profiling upon disease progression enables investigations of the tumor evolution. Next-generation sequencing (NGS) of liquid biopsies constitutes a noninvasive readily available source of tumor molecular information. In this study, 124 plasma samples from advanced

Background At present, the term mucocele is outdated, and mucinous appendiceal neoplasm is preferred. Mucinous appendiceal neoplasm is an uncommon pathology that occurs predominantly in middle-aged women. Its classification and management have been the subject of debate in recent decades. The aim of this study was to analyse the incidence, clinical management and survival of these tumours diagnosed in our centre in the last 10 years. Methods This was a retrospective observational study of patients with a diagnosis of appendiceal neoplasms between 2009 and 2018 in our centre. Variables such as sex, age, tumour type, clinical status, diagnosis, treatment and survival were collected. All data were analysed using the statistical program IBM SPSS Statistic® version 25. Results Twenty-nine patients with a diagnosis of appendiceal neoplasm were identified, and 24 corresponded to neoplastic appendiceal mucinous lesions (85.7%). The average age was 59.7 ± 17.6 years. Most patients were women (15 cases; 62.5%). Most of them presented with chronic abdominal pain (37.5%), and the diagnosis was performed by computed tomography (CT) (50%). The treatment was surgical in all cases. The surgical technique depended on the findings and histology of the tumour. Conclusion Mucinous appendiceal neoplasms are an uncommon entity, and their pathological classification and management have recently changed.

BackgroundCharisma can be understood as a personality trait that allows one to influence other people. Research on charisma has predomi-nately focused on leadership, but it can also be successfully studied in the general population. The General Charisma Inventory (GCI) has not yet been analysed in different cultures. The current study represents the first attempt to examine and validate this instrument in a Spanish-speaking population.Participants and procedureThe GCI was administered in a series of three studies to a large adult community sample (N1 = 756, N2 = 96, N3 = 149). A multigroup confirmatory factor analysis was conducted to verify the structure of the GCI. Factorial and criterion validity was examined in the context of well-being and the Dark Triad traits. Measurement invariance across age and gender of the GCI in a Spanish-speaking sample was also analysed.ResultsThe results confirmed the hypothesised two-factorial structure and therefore the Spanish version of the GCI is a structurally valid and reliable measure, and its dimensions relate to different outcomes such as well-being and the Dark Triad.ConclusionsThe Spanish GCI could be used in general research on charisma and applied to a wide range of age groups within the Spanish-speaking context, providing economic screening for research and practice.

Emotional intelligence (EI) plays a key role in the adjustment of adolescents during this transitional life period. The accumulated evidences suggest that EI is associated with happiness, considered the affective component of subjective well-being and optimism and pessimism, considered cognitive mechanisms to expect either a brighter or darker future. In spite of the relevance of the relationship between EI, happiness, optimism, and pessimism, the majority of the research falls behind findings with adult samples, accumulating little knowledge in the context of adolescence. Furthermore, the measurement of EI has been recently challenged by the introduction of the bifactor model into the study of EI. The goal of the current study was to explore the association of EI with happiness, optimism, and pessimism in adolescence by introducing the bifactor EI model. The participants were 493 Spanish high-school students ranging from 14 to 18 years old (52.7% females) who completed self-report questionnaires. The results demonstrated that the bifactor EI model with an e-factor (general EI factor) and three emotional dimensions (emotional attention, emotional clarity, and emotional regulation) also represented the best well-fitted structure in adolescence. Most remarkably, results suggested that general EI and emotional regulation predicted positively happiness and optimism, while emotional attention predicted positively pessimism and negatively happiness. These results highlight the importance of the measurement of EI in the study of associated outcomes that are considered relevant during the period of adolescence. Hence, the specific role of the EI dimensions are important when explaining the relationship of EI with happiness, optimism, and pessimism.

espanolObjetivo: Analizar la relacion entre fuerza inspiratoria y aptitud cardiorrespiratoria en un grupo de adultos mayores sanos y entrenados, atendiendo a edad y sexo. Metodo: Estudio descriptivo, de corte transversal y prospectivo. De los 153 participantes en el programa de entrenamiento multicomponente EFAM-UV© y mayores de 60 anos, 87 fueron evaluados de composicion corporal, presion arterial, saturacion de oxigeno, fuerza inspiratoria maxima y test de 6 minutos marcha. Como criterios de exclusion: fumador, padecer/haber padecido enfermedad respiratoria, cardiaca, neuromuscular o de la caja toracica, padecer/haber padecido deterioro cognitivo y/o llevar protesis dental. 67 adultos mayores (73.02 ± 4.54 anos) se consideraron para el analisis final. Los test se realizaron en tres dias no consecutivos con una separacion de entre 48 y 72 horas. Resultados: Se confirman las diferencias atendiendo al sexo en ambas variables. La asociacion moderada entre fuerza inspiratoria maxima y aptitud cardiorrespiratoria, medida a traves del test de 6 minutos marcha, (r=0.468; p Conclusion: Estos resultados justifican la necesidad de evaluar y entrenar la musculatura inspiratoria en los adultos mayores, especialmente en las mujeres, con independencia de su nivel de aptitud fisica. Futuros estudios deben analizar que factores pueden influir en la asociacion entre la fuerza inspiratoria maxima y la aptitud cardiorrespiratoria (concretamente test de 6 minutos marcha) mas alla de la edad y el sexo. EnglishObjective: To analyse the relationship between inspiratory muscle strength and cardiorespiratory fitness in healthy trained elderly, according to age and sex. Method: Descriptive, cross-sectional and prospective study. Of the 153 participants in the EFAM-UV© multicomponent training program and over 60 years, 87 were assessed for body composition, blood pressure, oxygen saturation, maximum inspiratory pressure and 6-min walking test. As exclusion criteria: smoker, suffering/having suffered respiratory, cardiac, neuromuscular or rib cage disease, suffering/having suffered cognitive deterioration and/or wearing dental prostheses. 67 elderly (73.02 ± 4.54 years) were considered for the final analysis. These measurements were carried out for three non-consecutive days separate by 48 and 72 hours. Results: Gender differences in maximum inspiratory strength and cardiorespiratory fitness are confirmed. The moderated association between maximum inspiratory strength and cardiorespiratory fitness, assessed by 6-min walking test, (r=0.468; p Conclusion: These results confirm the need of assessing and training the inspiratory muscles in the elderlies, mainly in women, regardless their physical fitness. Future studies should to analyse which factors can influence the association between maximum inspiratory strength and cardiorespiratory fitness (specially, 6-min walking test) beyond age and sex. portuguesObjetivo: Analisar a relacao entre forca inspiratoria e aptidao cardiorrespiratoria em um grupo de idosos saudaveis e treinados, de acordo com a idade e o sexo. Metodo: Estudo descritivo, transversal e prospectivo. Dos 153 participantes do programa de treinamento multicomponente EFAM-UV© e com mais de 60 anos, 87 foram avaliados quanto a composicao corporal, pressao arterial, saturacao de oxigenio, forca inspiratoria maxima e teste de 6 minutos a pe. Como criterio de exclusao: fumante, sofrendo/sofrendo de doencas respiratorias, cardiacas, neuromusculares ou das costelas, sofrendo/sofrendo deterioracao cognitiva e/ou usando proteses dentarias. 67 idosos (73.02 ± 4.54 anos) foram considerados para a analise final. Os testes foram realizados em tres dias nao consecutivos com uma separacao entre 48 e 72 horas. Resultados: As diferencas baseadas no sexo em ambas as variaveis sao confirmadas. A associacao moderada da forca inspiratoria maxima e aptidao cardiorrespiratoria, avaliado pelo teste de 6 minutos a pe, (r=0.468; p Conclusao: Esses resultados justificam a necessidade de avaliar e treinar a musculatura inspiratoria nos idosos, principalmente em mulheres, independentemente do nivel de aptidao fisica. Estudos futuros devem examinar quais fatores podem influenciar a associacao da forca inspiratoria maxima e aptidao cardiorrespiratoria (especificamente teste de 6 minutos a pe) alem da idade e do sexo.

Multicomponent positive psychology interventions are increasing in the general population but the study of its effectiveness in adolescents is still scarce, especially in the school context. Previous meta-analyses have reported that multicomponent positive psychology interventions increase well-being and reduce distress outcomes. However, the results on these outcomes limit their samples to adult populations. The aim of the current systematic review and meta-analysis is to evaluate and compare the immediate but also long-lasting effects of school-based multicomponent positive psychology interventions aimed at increasing well-being indicators of mental health (i.e., subjective and psychological well-being) and reducing the most common psychological distress indicators (i.e., depression, anxiety, and stress) in adolescents. A total of 9 randomized and non-randomized controlled trials from the searched literature met inclusion criteria for the meta-analysis. The results showed small effects for subjective well-being (g = 0.24), psychological well-being (g = 0.25), and depression symptoms (g = 0.28). Removing low-quality studies led to a slight decrease in the effect sizes for subjective well-being and a considerable increase for psychological well-being and depression symptoms. The relevant moderation analyses had an effect on subjective well-being and depression symptoms. The present systematic review and meta-analysis found evidence for the efficacy of school-based multicomponent positive psychology interventions in improving mental health in the short and long-term. Small effects for subjective well-being, psychological well-being, and depression symptoms were identified. Effects for psychological well-being and depression symptoms remained significant over time. In light of our results, education policy-makers and practitioners are encouraged to include positive practices within the schools' curriculum as effective and easily implemented tools that help to enhance adolescents' mental health. Further research is needed in order to strengthen the findings about school-based multicomponent positive psychology interventions in adolescents.

Background: The management of Breakthrough cancer Pain (BTcP) remains unsatisfactory. Although many barriers to BTcP management have been identified, oncologists have not been able to overcome them. The aim of this study is to identify the barriers preventing proper BTcP management that Spanish medical oncologists have found, and to reach a consensus in order to draft the appropriate recommendations to overcome them. Methods: This study is based on two surveys conducted by oncologists. The first survey was designed to reach a consensus on the main barriers (related to patients, physicians and healthcare organizations) that stand in the way of BTcP control. The second survey (a Delphi questionnaire) was based on the barriers evaluated in the first survey, including recommendations assessed using the two-round Delphi methodology.

The effectiveness of multicomponent positive psychology interventions (MPPIs) on adolescents' mental health has been studied with the use of standard procedures throughout the scientific literature. However, little is known about the potential mechanisms underlying the network structure of mental health following the dual-factor model after an MPPI. We relied on network analysis to explore the reorganization of the connections between mental health indicators after a school-based MPPI. Adolescents from two high schools in Spain were randomly allocated to the 6-week intervention group (n = 85) or to the control group (n = 135). Network analysis showed that the relations between the two differentiated network dimensions of mental health (i.e. well-being and psychological distress) changed after the intervention. Unlike control participants, emotional well-being was negatively associated with depression and stress, while psychological well-being was positively related to stress after the intervention. The present study supports the viability of the network approach in analyzing the connections between mental health indicators as defined by the dual-factor model and the contribution of MPPIs to change the complex pattern of relations between the dimensions of well-being and psychological distress.

The COVID-19 pandemic has constituted a global health crisis that has threatened the mental health of individuals worldwide. The present paper sought to systematically review and meta-analyze studies reporting the prevalence during the COVID-19 pandemic of well-being and psychological distress as defined by the dual-continua model, which includes (absence of) psychological distress and (presence of) well-being among the general population and healthcare workers. Systematic searches were conducted in various databases: PubMed, PsycINFO, Scopus, and Web of Science from inception until 6 December 2020. From a total of 158 studies (N = 880,352) included in the meta-analysis, only seven reported the prevalence of well-being. A random-effect model was used to estimate the pooled prevalence among the general population and healthcare workers on depression (25%; 31%), anxiety (27%; 31%), stress (35%; 32%), and well-being (52%; 45%), respectively. Sub-group analyses based on region, income, percentage of women, preparedness of country to respond to COVID-19, and economic vulnerabilities were conducted in order to examine sources of heterogeneity in psychological distress. Results revealed differences among the two groups and indicated that disparities in terms of preparedness to fight the pandemic can distinctly affect mental health in the general population and healthcare workers. Addressing mental health during and after a health crisis should be in the spotlight of the international and national public health agenda. Considering the protective role of well-being to minimize psychological symptoms, mental health policies during the COVID-19 should include strategies to combat the psychological consequences of the pandemic by promoting well-being practices.The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1007/s12144-022-02913-6.

Vulnerable narcissism is associated to the fear of criticism and rejection; however, to date no investigation assessed its relations to the dispositions towards ridicule and laughter, which is scrutinized in the current paper. The dispositions towards ridicule and laughter could be conceptualized as three distinct types of humor traits: gelotophobia (the fear of being laughed at), gelotophilia (the joy of being laughed at), and katagelasticism (the joy of laughing at others). We expected that, according to the complex structure of vulnerable narcissism, it would be positively related to gelotophobia and katagelasticism, reflecting social withdrawal on the one hand, and antagonistic orientation towards people on the other. The results supported our hypotheses, providing further evidence to the complex structure of vulnerable narcissism The work of Radosław Rogoza was supported by National Science Centre, Poland (2020/39/B/HS6/00052) and the Foundation for Polish Science (FNP) Open Access funding provided thanks to the CRUE-CSIC agreement with Elsevier

Time attitudes, which refer to positive and negative feelings towards the past, present, and future, are a salient phenomenon in the developmental stage of adolescence and have been related to better well-being. Positive feelings towards time can be promoted in the school setting through empirically validated positive psychology interventions. However, the extent to which these interventions impact the time attitudes of adolescents remains unknown. The current study investigated the influence of a multicomponent positive psychology intervention on adolescents’ transitions between time attitude profiles and how these transitions are related to their emotional, social, and psychological well-being. Participants consisted of 220 (M = 14.98; 47.3% female) adolescents from two Spanish high schools who participated in the six-week Get to Know Me+ program. Adolescents’ time attitudes and well-being were measured via the Adolescents and Adult Time Inventory–Time Attitudes and the Mental Health Continuum–Short Form, respectively, at pre- and postintervention. Participants were clustered in different profiles through a latent profile analysis, and the transitions were analyzed using a latent transition analysis. Five profiles were identified (negative, present/future negative, past negative, optimistic, and positive), and results indicated that adolescents who participated in the intervention were more likely to transition to positive profiles (optimistic and positive) and generally reported higher well-being, especially those in the negative, present/future negative, and optimistic profiles. Preliminary evidence showed that school-based multicomponent positive psychology interventions can have a positive impact on adolescents’ feelings towards time and well-being.

What are the differences between optimists and pessimists? The aim of this study is to analyze the differences reported by optimists and pessimists in terms of three psychological variables: emotional intelligence (EI), happiness, and life satisfaction. To answer this question, we examined the extent to which a combination of different levels of optimism and pessimism can differently predict EI, happiness, and life satisfaction in two independent samples (891 adults, 494 adolescents). To do that, we introduced a person-centered approach, which offers several advantages in the study of optimism over the extended, predominant variable-centered approach. Then, using a latent profile analysis, we identified three groups of individuals with a similar optimism–pessimism configuration: optimists, ambivalents, and pessimists. The results obtained supported our hypothesis that optimists report higher EI, happiness, and life satisfaction levels than those reported by pessimists. Low levels of optimism, rather than high levels of pessimism, distinguish optimistic from non-optimistic people in the prediction of external outcomes. Our results suggest that optimism and pessimism can be viewed as separate yet correlated traits that can be grouped together to explain individual affective and cognitive differences, which encourage the refinement of strategies and interventions used in psychology practice Open Access funding provided thanks to the CRUE-CSIC agreement with Springer Nature

Aim: To describe the clinical management and PD-L1 testing of patients with newly diagnosed stage IV non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) without driver mutations in Spain. Methods: Multicenter, retrospective study. Results: Among 297 evaluated patients, 89.2% received systemic treatment for stage IV disease, of whom 53.6% received platinum doublet therapy, 26.8% immunotherapy as monotherapy and 14.7% immunotherapy + chemotherapy, with 9.4% receiving treatment as part of a clinical trial. Treatment was initiated 1 month after histological diagnosis, with PD-L1 test results available in most cases (92.6%). PD-L1 testing was performed in 287 patients, 95.1% by in-house tests, mostly with the 22C3 pharmDx assay. The factor most strongly associated with treatment selection was, as expected, the expression of PD-L1. Conclusion: PD-L1 testing is implemented in clinical practice and seems to guide treatment decisions in patients with NSCLC in Spain.

Social processes depend on individual features that make possible the development of social relationships and strong ties. Mental well-being (i.e., emotional, social, and psychological) in particular plays a key role in these processes influencing the formation of social ties. However, little is known about the potential of perceiving individuals as happy because of their levels of mental well-being. The aim of the study is to perform a longitudinal social network analysis to explore how mental well-being predicts being perceived as a happy individual. The study sample comprised 240 first-year university students and data were gathered through self-reported measures and peer reports, asking the students to select happy peers according to their perceptions. Results confirmed that mental well-being influenced the judgments of individuals regarding being perceived as a happy peer at zero-acquaintance level. These findings support mental well-being as an important resource to facilitate the development of social relationships.

The dual-continua model of mental health distinguishes between mental illness (presence of mental disorders, such as depression) and mental well-being (presence of positive traits and abilities). This model also distinguishes between hedonic well-being (e.g., affect balance and life satisfaction) and eudaimonic well-being (i.e., optimal psychological and social functioning, as indicated for example by having a purpose in life). We examined the relationships between depressive symptoms (a common indicator of mental illness), life satisfaction, and eudaimonic well-being. The study used a sample of 17,056 participants from England whose data were collected at eight intervals of approximately two years over a 16-year period, from 2004 to 2019. The mean age of the sample in the first wave was 58.843 years, with a standard deviation of 12.617 years (women = 55.2%). We disentangled within- and between-person sources of variance to examine whether increases or decreases in one variable preceded changes in the other variables at the next time point. We found positive reciprocal relationships between life satisfaction and eudaimonic well-being and negative reciprocal relationships between the two well-being dimensions and depressive symptoms. These results suggest that within-person increases in well-being are followed by future decreases in depressive symptoms, and within-person increases in depressive symptoms are followed by future decreases in well-being. Therefore, low levels of mental well-being in older adults may be considered a risk factor for depression, and well-being interventions (such as those focused on meaning-making) may serve as a protective factor against depression in older adults.

In Spain, due to the lack of data at national level a lung cancer registry, the Thoracic Tumour Registry (TTR), was created. Such registry should demonstrate comparability with population-based data to ensure representativeness at population level. The aim is to compare the socio-demographic characteristics of the TTR with incidence data from the Red de Registros de Cáncer (REDECAN) and mortality data from the Instituto Nacional de Estadística (INE).Lung cancer data sources available to date, REDECAN and INE, were used. Lung cancer cases overall and disaggregated by sex and age groups were collected from each source of information and data were compared for the period 2017-2020. Sex and age group proportions of TTR were calculated for both databases (which collect incidence and mortality data), for the entire study period and broken down by year.A total of 17,109 incident lung cancer cases from the TTR, 58,668 estimated incident cases from REDECAN and 88,083 deaths registered from INE between 2017 and 2020 were included. In terms of sex, the proportions are very similar between the three sources and the differences do not exceed 4%. In terms of age, the differences are not large, being larger for mortality data in the older age group from the INE versus the TTR.The TTR seems to be representative of lung cancer cases diagnosed in Spain between 2019 and 2020, both by sex and age. This allows us to accurately characterise the status of this disease, which is the leading cause of cancer death in Spain, and that the analysis of results obtained from the RTT can be applied to cases of lung cancer diagnosed in our country.

Càncer de pulmó; Fumar; Diferències entre sexes Cancer de pulmón; Fumar; Diferencias entre sexos Lung neoplasms; Smoking; Sex Factors Background: Lung cancer causes approximately 25% of all cancer deaths. Despite its relevance, few studies have analyzed differences by sex at the time of diagnosis in terms of symptoms, stage, age or smoking status. We aim to assess if there are differences between men and women on these characteristics at diagnosis. Methods: We analyzed the Thoracic Tumour Registry (TTR), sponsored by the Spanish Lung Cancer Group using a case-series design. This is a nationwide registry of lung cancer cases which started recruitment in 2016. For each case included, clinicians fulfilled an electronic record registering demographic data, symptoms, exposure to lung cancer risk factors, and treatment received in detail. We compared men and women using descriptive statistics. Results: A total of 13,590 participants took part in this study, 25.6% women. Women were 4 years younger than men (64 vs. 69), and men had smoked more frequently. Adenocarcinoma was the most frequent histological type in both sexes. Stage IV at diagnosis was 50.8% in women compared to 43.6% in men. Weight loss/anorexia/asthenia was the most frequent symptom in both sexes and there were no differences in the number of symptoms at diagnosis. There were no relevant differences in the frequency or number of symptoms by sex when non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) and small-cell lung cancer (SCLC) were analyzed separately. Smoking status did not appear to cause different lung cancer presentation in men compared to women. Conclusions: There seems to be no differences in lung cancer characteristics by sex at the time at diagnosis on stage, specific symptoms or number of symptoms. This research received funding from the Spanish Lung Cancer Group

The present study aimed to analyze the impact of a multicomponent training (MCT) program in a group of non-active older adults, comparing two different dose distributions. Twenty-four individuals, assigned to two groups, completed 15 weeks of MCT (2 days/week). The continuous group (CMCT, n = 14, 9 females, 71.07 ± 5.09 years) trained for 60 min/session in the morning. The accumulated group (AMCT, n = 10, 5 females, 72.70 ± 3.59 years) performed the same exercises, volume, and intensity, but the training was distributed twice per day (30 min in the morning, 30 more in the afternoon). Bonferroni post hoc comparisons revealed significant (p &lt, 0.001) and similar large improvements in both groups in lower limb strength (five times sit-to-stand test: CMCT, 12.55 ± 2.83 vs. 9.44 ± 1.72 s, AMCT, 10.37 ± 2.35 vs. 7.46 ± 1.75 s). In addition, there were large gains in preferred walking speed and instrumental daily life activities, which were higher for CMCT and AMCT, respectively (in this order: 1.00 ± 0.18 vs. 1.44 ± 0.26 m/s and 1.09 ± 0.80 vs. 1.58 ± 0.18 m/s, 33.07 ± 2.88 vs. 36.57 ± 1.65 points and 32.80 ± 1.93 vs. 36.80 ± 0.92 points), improvements in cardiorespiratory fitness, now moderate for CMCT (474.14 ± 93.60 vs. 529.64 ± 82.76 m) and large for AMCT (515.10 ± 20.24 vs. 589.60 ± 40.38 m), and medium and similar enhancements in agility in both groups (TUG test: CMCT: 7.49 ± 1.11 vs. 6.77 ± 1.16 s, AMCT: 6.84 ± 1.01 vs. 6.18 ± 0.62 s). None of the protocols had an impact on the executive function, whereas health-related quality of life showed a trend to significance in the whole sample only (EQindex overall sample, p = 0.062, d = 0.48 CMCT, d = 0.34 AMCT). Regardless of the type of dose distribution, starting multicomponent training improves physical function in non-active older adults, but does not improve cognitive function at mid-term. Because both forms of MCT showed similar compliance, slightly positive differences in accumulated strategies may indicate some benefits related to breaking afternoon sedentary behaviors, which deserves further research in longer and larger interventions. The mixed nature of MCT suggests accumulative group interventions may be a promising approach to address sedentary aging.