Search

This preregistered, longitudinal study examined how much adolescents value and integrate their parents' and peers' attitudes into their own attitudes from early to middle adolescence. Across three waves, participants (N = 172, 91 female, 11-16 years across three waves; 439 data points) decided whether to pay money to learn their parents' or peers' attitudes about externalizing behaviors. Multivariate growth models revealed that adolescents were consistently willing to pay money over time to learn their parents' and peers' attitudes. The value of learning peers'--but not parents'--attitudes predicted changes in personal attitudes during adolescence, and this did not change across age. Moreover, the effect of others' attitude value on social influence weakened from early to middle adolescence, such that early adolescents who highly valued learning the attitudes of others (i.e., paid more) tended to shift their own attitudes more toward those endorsing positive influence, regardless of the source. In contrast, early adolescents who valued learning others' attitudes less were less susceptible to positive social influence. Importantly, this effect went away in middle adolescence. Although adolescents are highly motivated to learn their parents' and peers' attitudes about externalizing behaviors, how much those attitudes inform their personal attitudes depends on the source of input and the age of adolescents.

Building social bonds is a critical task of adolescence that affords opportunities for learning, identity formation, and social support. Failing to develop close relationships in adolescence hinders adult interpersonal functioning and contributes to problems such as loneliness and depression. During adolescence, increased reward sensitivity and greater social flexibility both contribute to healthy social development, yet we lack a clear theory of how these processes interact to support social functioning. Here, we propose synthesizing these two literatures using a computational reinforcement learning framework that recasts how adolescents pursue and learn from social rewards as a social explore-exploit problem. To become socially skilled, adolescents must balance both their efforts to form individual bonds within specific groups and manage memberships across multiple groups to maximize access to social resources. We draw on insights from sociological studies on social capital in collective networks and neurocognitive research on foraging and cooperation to describe the social explore-exploit dilemma faced by adolescents navigating a modern world with increasing access to diverse resources and group memberships. Our account provides important new directions for examining the dynamics of adolescent behavior in social groups and understanding how social value computations can support positive relationships into adulthood.

The Red River originating from Yunnan province, China is the second largest river in Vietnam in terms of length and discharge. Combination of water chemistry monitoring data of 4 years (2018–2022) from different sub-basins of the Red River (the Da, Lo, Thao, Tra Ly, and Day) with historical datasets indicates a decline in pH from 8.1 in 2000 to 7.7 in 2021, greater CO2 concentrations and a shift from waters naturally dominated by carbonate weathering to waters dominated by evaporite weathering. Such changes were most apparent in the delta area where heavy human activities have increased influxes of most dissolved chemicals, except SiO2. Evaporite weathering is particularly enhanced by mining and deforestation occurring in upstream regions of both China and Vietnam. Pyrite oxidation, alongside silicate weathering, is enhanced along the Red River Fault Zone but reduced in tributaries with a higher proportion of hydropower reservoirs. Longer water residence times in these large reservoirs (total volume > 2.7x1010 m3) located in the Da and Lo sub-basins have also increased primary productivity, leading to higher evasion/uptake of CO2 and SiO2, lower total dissolved solids (TDS), and higher pH. The total physical and chemical denudation rates of upstream mountain tributaries ranged between 0.107 ± 0.108 and 0.139 ± 0.137 mm yr−1, mainly due to reservoir implementation and instream aquatic biogeochemistry changes. Our findings demonstrate that anthropogenic activities are profound factors impacting the water chemistry of the Red River system.

Background: Perioperative practices have been introduced over the last decade to decrease the risk of periprosthetic joint infection (PJI). We sought to determine whether rates of revision total knee arthroplasty (TKA) for PJI decreased during the period 2006-2016. Methods: This observational cohort study used data from the New York Statewide Planning and Research Cooperative System to identify patients undergoing TKA in 2006-2016. Data through 2017 were used to determine if patients underwent revision TKA for PJI (including debridement, antibiotics and implant retention) within 1 year of the primary surgery. A generalized estimating equation model, clustered by hospital, was used to examine the impact of time on likelihood of revision TKA for PJI. Results: In 2006-2016, 233,165 primary TKAs performed were included. Mean age was 66.1 (standard deviation 10.3) years, and 65% were women. Overall, 0.5% of the patients underwent revision TKA for PJI within 1 year of surgery. The generalized estimating equation model showed that for primary TKA performed in 2006-2013, year of surgery did not impact the likelihood of revision TKA for PJI (odds ratio 1.00, 95% confidence interval 0.97-1.03, P = .9221), but that for primary TKA performed in 2014-2016, the likelihood decreased by year (odds ratio 0.76, 95% confidence interval 0.66-0.88, P = .0002). Conclusions: The likelihood of revision TKA for PJI was stable from 2006 to 2013 but declined during the period 2014-2016 across patient and hospital categories. This decline could be due to infection mitigation strategies or other unmeasured factors.

Much effort has been devoted to describing qualitatively and quantitatively electron scattering processes due to their ever-increasing importance in many industrial and medical applications. We present achievements made in the last years, focusing on some of the advancements and recent progress in the field. Particular reference is made on concrete case studies to probe the level of accord in cross-section data obtained from experiments and theory, as well as on selected instrumentation developments to probe dynamics of dissociative processes induced by electron impact. We stress that the purpose of this colloquium paper is not to be a comprehensive review but rather to provide a snapshot of different research topics in electron scattering by pointing out certain challenges and, therefore, indicating opportunities to facilitate further experimental and theoretical work. Graphical abstract: [Figure not available: see fulltext.]

We investigate the vertical electron attachment energy (VAE) of 1-methyl-4-nitroimidazole, a model radiosensitizer, employing quantum mechanics/molecular mechanics (QM/MM) and QM/polarized continuum (QM/PCM) solvation models. We considered the solvent-excluded surface (QM/PCM-SES) and Van der Waals (QM/PCM-VDW) cavities within the PCM framework, the electrostatic embedding QM/MM (EE-QM/MM) model, and the self-consistent sequential QM/MM polarizable electrostatic embedding (scPEE-S-QM/MM) model. Due to slow VAE convergence concerning the number of QM solvent molecules, full QM calculations prove inefficient. Ensemble averages in these calculations do not align with VAEs computed for the representative solute–solvent configuration. QM/MM and QM/PCM calculations show agreement with each other for sufficiently large QM regions, although the QM/PCM-VDW model exhibits artifacts linked to the cavity. QM/MM models demonstrate good agreement between ensemble averages and VAEs calculated with the representative configuration. Notably, the VAE computed with the scPEE-S-QM/MM model achieves faster convergence concerning the number of QM water molecules compared to the EE-QM/MM model, attributed to enhanced efficiency from MM charge polarization in the scPEE-S-QM/MM approach. This emphasizes the importance of QM/classical models with accurate solute–solvent and solvent–solvent mutual polarization for obtaining converged VAEs at a reasonable computational cost. The full-QM approach is very inefficient, while the microsolvation model is inaccurate. Computational savings in QM/MM models result from electrostatic embedding and the representative configuration, with the scPEE-S-QM/MM approach emerging as an efficient tool for describing bulk-solvated anions within the QM/MM framework. Its potential extends to improving transient anion state descriptions in biomolecules and radiosensitizers, especially given the frequent employment of microsolvation models. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Abstract Based on the fact that many water reservoirs built in headwater catchments receive no water input during dry season, we modified the Craig‐Gordon model and proposed an approach to calculate kinetic fractionation factors in open‐water evaporation taking into account isotopic compositions of precipitation and of lake water, lake volume, and land‐based meteorological data. The approach is centered around the determination of lake water isotope enrichment rate over time during dry periods. We then applied this approach for calculating kinetic fractionation factors, turbulence index, and open‐water evaporation for a small reservoir located in a sub‐tropical monsoonal climate. We found that the kinetic fractionation factors, εK,H and εK,O are, respectively 3.11‰ ± 0.41‰ and 2.50‰ ± 2.15‰, corresponding to the turbulence index of 0.43 ± 0.19. Evaporation rates in open‐water estimated by our approach is 1.55 times of the land‐based evaporation gauged in the nearby meteorological station. Wind speed, represented by turbulence index, is proved as an important climatic factor influencing kinetic fractionation. This study confirms that wind and surface area factors, which have been neglected in several isotope mass balance models, should be included into calculation process.

IntroductionFeeding infants a sub-optimal diet deprives them of critical nutrients for their physical and cognitive development. The objective of this study is to describe the intake of foods of low nutritional value (junk foods) and identify the association with growth and developmental outcomes in infants up to 18 months in low-resource settings.MethodsThis is a secondary analysis of data from an iron-rich complementary foods (meat versus fortified cereal) randomized clinical trial on nutrition conducted in low-resource settings in four low- and middle-income countries (Democratic Republic of the Congo, Guatemala, Pakistan, and Zambia). Mothers in both study arms received nutritional messages on the importance of exclusive breastfeeding up to 6 months with continued breastfeeding up to at least 12 months. This study was designed to identify the socio-demographic predictors of feeding infants’ complementary foods of low nutritional value (junk foods) and to assess the associations between prevalence of junk food use with neurodevelopment (assessed with the Bayley Scales of Infant Development II) and growth at 18 months.Results1,231 infants were enrolled, and 1,062 (86%) completed the study. Junk food feeding was more common in Guatemala, Pakistan, and Zambia than in the Democratic Republic of Congo. 7% of the infants were fed junk foods at 6 months which increased to 70% at 12 months. Non-exclusive breastfeeding at 6 months, higher maternal body mass index, more years of maternal and paternal education, and higher socioeconomic status were associated with feeding junk food. Prevalence of junk foods use was not associated with adverse neurodevelopmental or growth outcomes.ConclusionThe frequency of consumption of junk food was high in these low-resource settings but was not associated with adverse neurodevelopment or growth over the study period.

Abstract Background Fibrosis plays an important role in both normal physiological and pathological phenomena as fibroblasts differentiate to myofibroblasts. The activation of fibroblasts is determined through interactions with the surrounding extracellular matrix (ECM). However, how this fibroblast-to-myofibroblast transition (FMT) is regulated and affected by elastin concentration in a three-dimensional (3D) microenvironment has not been investigated. Methods We developed an insoluble elastin-gradient 3D hydrogel system for long-lasting cell culture and studied the molecular mechanisms of the FMT in embedded cells by nanoflow LC–MS/MS analysis along with validation through real-time PCR and immunofluorescence staining. Results By optimizing pH and temperature, four 3D hydrogels containing fibroblasts were successfully fabricated having elastin concentrations of 0, 20, 50, and 80% in collagen. At the low elastin level (20%), fibroblast proliferation was significantly increased compared to others, and in particular, the FMT was clearly observed in this condition. Moreover, through mass spectrometry of the hydrogel environment, it was confirmed that differentiation proceeded in two stages. In the early stage, calcium-dependent proteins including calmodulin and S100A4 were highly associated. On the other hand, in the late stage after several passages of cells, distinct markers of myofibroblasts were presented such as morphological changes, increased production of ECM, and increased α-SMA expression. We also demonstrated that the low level of elastin concentration induced some cancer-associated fibroblast (CAF) markers, including PDGFR-β, and fibrosis-related disease markers, including THY-1. Conclusion Using our developed 3D elastin-gradient hydrogel system, we evaluated the effect of different elastin concentrations on the FMT. The FMT was induced even at a low concentration of elastin with increasing CAF level via calcium signaling. With this system, we were able to analyze varying protein expressions in the overall FMT process over several cellular passages. Our results suggest that the elastin-gradient system employing nonlinear optics imaging provides a good platform to study activated fibroblasts interacting with the microenvironment, where the ECM plays a pivotal role. Graphical Abstract

Truong Sa archipelago of Vietnam are very diverse in microorganisms, however, compared to aquatic microorganisms (sea water, sediment, etc) terrestrial microorganisms (soil, coral sand, etc) has received little attention. This study focuses on assessing the biodiversity of marine yeasts in coral sand samples collected at some islands in Truong Sa archipelago. From nine coral sand samples collected at three islands: Song Tu island (three samples), Sinh Ton island (three samples), Truong Sa island (three samples), twenty – four strains of marine yeasts were isolated. The number of marine yeast strains isolated in Truong Sa island was the highest (ten strains). Sample CS9 had the highest number of strains. These strains were grouped into eight groups based on colony and cell morphology and fourteen groups by DNA fingerprinting. The results showed that there are strains in the same group according to morphology but belong to two different groups according to fingerprinting. Otherwise, some strains have different morphology but are grouped according to fingerprinting. The fourteen yeast strains representing groups by DNA fingerprinting were closely related to fourteen different yeast species and belong to ten yeast genera (Yamadazyma, Candida, Trichosporon, Saccharomyces, Kodamaea, Rhodotorula, Rhodosporidium, Aureobasidium, Meyerozyma, Pichia). Among them, the genus Candida accounted for the highest number. This is the first study on marine yeasts in coral sand in Truong Sa archipelago, Vietnam. This study can be a premise for further studies on marine yeast in different fields such as medicine, agriculture, environment, etc.

BackgroundThe earliest days of the COVID-19 pandemic in Canada were marked by a significant surge in COVID-19 cases and COVID-19–related deaths among residents of long-term care facilities (LTCFs). As part of Canada’s response to the COVID-19 pandemic, Canadian Armed Forces (CAF) personnel were mobilized for an initial emergency domestic deployment to the hardest-hit LTCFs (Operation LASER LTCF) to support the remaining civilian staff in ensuring the continued delivery of care to residents. Akin to what was observed following past CAF international humanitarian missions, there was an expected increased risk of exposure to multiple stressors that may be psychologically traumatic and potentially morally injurious in nature (ie, related to core values, eg, witnessing human suffering). Emerging data from health care workers exposed to the unprecedented medical challenges and dilemmas of the early pandemic stages also indicated that such experiences were associated with increased risk of adverse mental health outcomes. ObjectiveThis study aims to identify and quantify the individual-, group-, and organizational-level risk and resilience factors associated with moral distress, moral injury, and traditional mental health and well-being outcomes of Operation LASER LTCF CAF personnel. This paper aimed to document the methodology, implementation procedures, and participation metrics. MethodsA multimethod research initiative was conducted consisting of 2 primary data collection studies (a quantitative survey and qualitative interviews). The quantitative arm was a complete enumeration survey with web-based, self-report questionnaires administered at 3 time points (3, 6, and 12 mo after deployment). The qualitative arm consisted of individual, web-based interviews with a focus on understanding the nuanced lived experiences of individuals participating in the Operation LASER LTCF deployment. ResultsCAF personnel deployed to Operation LASER LTCF (N=2595) were invited to participate in the study. Data collection is now complete. Overall, of the 2595 deployed personnel, 1088 (41.93%), 582 (22.43%), and 497 (19.15%) responded to the survey at time point 1 (3 mo), time point 2 (6 mo), and time point 3 (12 mo) after deployment, respectively. The target sample size for the qualitative interviews was set at approximately 50 considering resourcing and data saturation. Interest in participating in qualitative interviews surpassed expectations, with >200 individuals expressing interest; this allowed for purposive sampling across key characteristics, including gender, rank, Operation LASER LTCF role, and province. In total, 53 interviews were conducted. ConclusionsThe data generated through this research have the potential to inform and promote better understanding of the well-being and mental health of Operation LASER LTCF personnel over time; identify general and Operation LASER LTCF–specific risk and protective factors; provide necessary support to the military personnel who served in this mission; and inform preparation and interventions for future missions, especially those more domestic and humanitarian in nature. International Registered Report Identifier (IRRID)DERR1-10.2196/44299

Background: Press Ganey (PG) inpatient survey is widely used to track patient satisfaction with the hospital experience. Our aim was to use the PG survey to determine if there are racial differences in overall hospital experience and perception of nurses and surgeons following hip and knee arthroplasty. Methods: We retrospectively analyzed Black and White patients from hip and knee arthroplasty registries from a single institution between July 2010 and February 2012. The overall assessment score for the hospital experience and perception of the nurse and surgeon questions from the PG inpatient survey were dichotomized as “not completely satisfied” or “completely satisfied”. Multivariable logistic regression models were developed to determine the impact of race on the likelihood of being ‘completely satisfied’ in the hip and knee cohorts. Results: There were 2517 hip and 2114 knee patients who underwent surgery and completed the PG survey, of whom 3.9% were Black and 96.0% were White. Black patients were less likely to be completely satisfied with their hospital experience compared to White patients in the hip (odds ratio 0.62, confidence interval 0.39-1.00, P = .049) and knee (odds ratio 0.52, confidence interval 0.33-0.82, P = .005) cohorts. Black patients were also less likely to be completely satisfied with multiple aspects of care they received from the nurse and surgeon in both cohorts. Conclusions: We found that the PG Survey shows Black patients were less likely to be completely satisfied than White patients with the hospital experience, including their interactions with nurses and surgeons. More work is needed to understand this difference.

Abstract The introgression of M. enterolobii resistance-related genes in guava breeding programs can be compromised by incompatibility among Psidium species. This study aimed to evaluate the female parent preference and genetic diversity of Psidium interspecific hybrids using morphoagronomic traits and resistance to M. enterolobii. There were evaluated cross successes and germination from crosses between accesses of P. cattleyanum, P. guineense and P. guajava and the genetic diversity by Ward-MLM method of hybrids according to descriptors developed for the genus. Crosses were more successful when P. cattleyanum was the female parent. Germination was more successful in crosses involving P. cattleyanum and P. guajava. Four groups were formed. The group IV clustered the most resistant genotypes, composed by genotypes of P. cattleyanum x P. guineense, while the group II was the most susceptible. The groups I and III grouped some genotypes of P. cattleyanum x P. guajava with low levels of susceptibility. There are preferences of female parent species among crosses. Some individuals of groups I and III can be used as source of resistance genes for the breeding program, due the presence of favorable alleles inherited from guava parent. The high susceptibility leads to reduction in root development.

In this work, an in-situ Al3Ti–Al2O3 composite was optimally synthesized from raw powders via mechanical milling and conventional sintering processes. The strong influence of milling time on the promotion of the phase reaction between the initial TiO2 and Al materials was proven by using X-ray diffraction and surface morphology analysis. The obtained results showed that the milling process did not initiate any reaction between the raw TiO2 and Al materials. However, the milling process was important for creating a homogeneous powder mixture and refining the particle size of the powders. The Al3Ti–Al2O3 composites were completely formed after conventional sintering at 750°C for 30 min for a milling time of over 4 h. The highest obtained microhardness of the composite was approximately 130 HV, which was suggested to be related to the microstructure of the bulk composite specimen consisting of two main phases, the Al3Ti matrix and the Al2O3 particles dispersed in the matrix. A small portion of an unidentified phase, a Ti-rich compound, was found in the matrix together with a tiny fraction of AlTi3. We suggest that the optimal sintering process and mechanical milling are important key factors in fabricating bulk hardness Al3Ti–Al2O3 composite materials.

Abstract Background Medical trainees often encounter situations that trigger emotional reactions which may hinder learning. Evidence of this effect on medical trainees is scarce and whether it could be counteracted is unclear. This study investigated the effect of negative emotions on medical residents’ learning and whether cognitive reappraisal counteracts it. Methods Ninety-nine medical residents participated in a three-phase experiment consisting of: (1) watching a video, either a neutral or an emotion-induction version, the latter either followed by cognitive reappraisal or not (2) learning: all participants studied the same medical text; study-time and cognitive engagement were measured; (3) test: a recall-test measured learning. Data was analysed using Chi-square test and one-way ANOVA. Results Study time significantly varied between conditions (p = 0.002). The two emotional conditions spent similar time, both significantly less than the neutral condition. The difference in test scores failed to reach significance level (p = 0.053). While the emotional conditions performed similarly, their scores tended to be lower than those of the neutral condition. Conclusion Negative emotions can adversely affect medical residents’ learning. The effect of emotions was not counteracted by cognitive reappraisal, which has been successfully employed to regulate emotions in other domains. Further research to examine emotion regulation strategies appropriate for medical education is much needed.

In 2019, a community-based, cross-sectional carriage survey and a seroprevalence survey of 1,216 persons 1–55 years of age were conducted in rural Vietnam to investigate the mechanism of diphtheria outbreaks. Seroprevalence was further compared with that of an urban area that had no cases reported for the past decade. Carriage prevalence was 1.4%. The highest prevalence, 4.5%, was observed for children 1–5 years of age. Twenty-seven asymptomatic Coerynebacterium diphtheriae carriers were identified; 9 carriers had tox gene–bearing strains, and 3 had nontoxigenic tox gene–bearing strains. Child malnutrition was associated with low levels of diphtheria toxoid IgG, which might have subsequently increased child carriage prevalence. Different immunity patterns in the 2 populations suggested that the low immunity among children caused by low vaccination coverage increased transmission, resulting in symptomatic infections at school-going age, when vaccine-induced immunity waned most. A school-entry booster dose and improved infant vaccination coverage are recommended to control transmissions.

Abstract Widespread, comprehensive sequencing of patient tumors has facilitated the usage of precision medicine (PM) drugs to target specific genomic alterations. Therapeutic clinical trials are necessary to test new PM drugs to advance precision medicine, however, the abundance of patient sequencing data coupled with complex clinical trial eligibility has made it challenging to match patients to PM trials. To facilitate enrollment onto PM trials, we developed MatchMiner, an open-source platform to computationally match genomically profiled cancer patients to PM trials. Here, we describe MatchMiner’s capabilities, outline its deployment at Dana-Farber Cancer Institute (DFCI), and characterize its impact on PM trial enrollment. MatchMiner’s primary goals are to facilitate PM trial options for all patients and accelerate trial enrollment onto PM trials. MatchMiner can help clinicians find trial options for an individual patient or provide trial teams with candidate patients matching their trial’s eligibility criteria. From March 2016 through March 2021, we curated 354 PM trials containing a broad range of genomic and clinical eligibility criteria and MatchMiner facilitated 166 trial consents (MatchMiner consents, MMC) for 159 patients. To quantify MatchMiner’s impact on trial consent, we measured time from genomic sequencing report date to trial consent date for the 166 MMC compared to trial consents not facilitated by MatchMiner (non-MMC). We found MMC consented to trials 55 days (22%) earlier than non-MMC. MatchMiner has enabled our clinicians to match patients to PM trials and accelerated the trial enrollment process.

Photoinduced isomerization reactions can be used to efficiently dissipate absorbed energy in photosystems such as molecular motors, but the ultrafast processes are challenging to characterize. Here, the authors track the formation of the E and Z isomers of ethyl sinapate in real time via transient vibrational absorption spectroscopy and find that photoinduced internal conversion occurs at multiple points along the potential energy surface.

Abstract Not all adolescents are equally susceptible to peer influence, and for some, peer influence exerts positive rather than negative effects. Using resting-state functional magnetic resonance imaging, the current study examined how intrinsic functional connectivity networks associated with processing social cognitive and affective stimuli predict adolescents’ (n = 87, ages 11–14 years) prosocial tendencies and risky behaviors in the context of positive and negative peer norms. We tested the moderating role of four candidate intrinsic brain networks—associated with mentalizing, cognitive control, motivational relevance, and affective salience—in peer influence susceptibility. Only intrinsic connectivity within the affective salience network significantly moderated the association between peer norms and adolescent behavior above and beyond the other networks. Adolescents with high intrinsic connectivity within the affective salience network reported greater prosocial tendencies in contexts with more positive peer norms but greater risk-taking behavior in contexts with more negative peer norms. In contrast, peer norms were not associated with adolescent behavior for individuals with low affective salience within-network intrinsic connectivity. The mentalizing network, cognitive control network, and motivational relevance network were not associated with individual differences in peer influence susceptibility. This study identifies key neural mechanisms underlying differential susceptibility to positive and negative peer influence in early adolescence, with a particular emphasis on the role of affective salience over traditional mentalizing, regulatory, and motivational processes.

IntroductionL’utilisation des trottinettes motorisées gagne en popularité au Canada comme ailleurs. Cette étude vise à résumer les caractéristiques des traumatismes liés à l’utilisation des trottinettes motorisées selon les données de la plate-forme électroniquedu Syst ème canadien hospitalier d’information et de recherche en prévention des traumatismes (eSCHIRPT) et à en analyser les tendances. L’eSCHIRPT recueille des renseignements sur l’événement ayant entraîné le traumatisme et des données cliniques sur le traitement (la partie du corps touchée, la nature et l’intentionnalité du traumatisme ainsi que le traitement administré) auprès de 11 hôpitaux pédiatriques et de 9 hôpitaux généraux du Canada. RésultatsUne recherche en texte libre à l’aide de mots-clés a permis de relever 523 cas de traumatismes liés à l’utilisation d’une trottinette motorisée entre janvier 2012 et décembre 2019. La plupart des traumatismes signalés concernaient des hommes (62,7 %). Le traumatisme le plus fréquent était une fracture ou une luxation (36,9 %) et 14,3 % de l’ensemble des patients ont été admis à l’hôpital. Une régression Joinpoint a montré une augmentation statistiquement significative des traumatismes liés à l’utilisation d’une trottinette motorisée entre 2012 et 2017 (variation annuelle de 18,4 %). ConclusionLes résultats de notre étude indiquent qu’il faut poursuivre les efforts de prévention et améliorer les messages éducatifs sur la conduite sécuritaire et l’importance de l’utilisation d’un équipement de protection pour prévenir les traumatismes chez les utilisateurs.

IntroductionThe use of motorized scooters is gaining popularity in Canada and elsewhere. This study aims to summarize characteristics of injuries related to use of motorized scooters using data from the electronic Canadian Hospitals Injury Reporting and Prevention Program (eCHIRPP) and to analyze trends. The eCHIRPP collects information associated with the injury event and clinical information related to treatment (the injured body part, the nature of the injury, injury intent and treatment received) from 11 pediatric and 9 general hospitals across Canada. ResultsA free­text search using keywords identified 523 cases related to motorized scooter injuries between January 2012 and December 2019. Most of the injuries reported were among males (62.7%). Fracture/dislocation was the most frequent injury (36.9%),and 14.3% of all patients were admitted to hospital. Joinpoint regression showed a statistically significant increase in injuries related to motorized scooter use between 2012 and 2017 (annual percent change of 18.4%). ConclusionStudy findings indicate the need for continued preventive efforts and improved educational messages on safe riding and the importance of the use of protective equipment to prevent injuries among riders.

OBJECTIVES:. We sought to identify the primary causes of death of adult patients admitted to the medical ICU with symptomatic COVID-19 who ultimately suffered in-hospital mortality over the span of three major waves of COVID-19: Wild-type, alpha/epsilon, and delta. DESIGN:. Retrospective single-center cohort study from March 2020 to December 2021. SETTING:. One medical ICU in a 600-bed Tertiary Care Hospital in Los Angeles, CA. PATIENTS:. Adult (n = 306) ICU patients admitted with symptomatic COVID-19 who suffered in-hospital mortality. INTERVENTIONS:. None. MAIN RESULTS:. Of the 306 patients with COVID-19 who died in the hospital, 86.3% were Hispanic/Latino. The leading cause of death was respiratory failure, occurring in 57.8% of patients. There was no significant change in the rate of pulmonary deaths across the three waves of COVID-19 in our study period. The mean time from symptom onset to admission was 6.5 days, with an average hospital length of stay of 18 days. This did not differ between pulmonary and other causes of death. Sepsis was the second most common cause of death at 23.9% with a significant decrease from the wild-type wave to the delta wave. Among patients with sepsis as the cause of death, 22% (n = 16) were associated with fungemia. There was no significant association between steroid administration and cause of death. Lastly, the alpha/epsilon wave from December 2020 to May 2021 had the highest mortality rate when compared with wild-type or delta waves. CONCLUSIONS:. We found the primary cause of death in ICU patients with COVID-19 was acute respiratory failure, without significant changes over the span of three waves of COVID-19. This finding contrasts with reported causes of death for patients with non-COVID-19 acute respiratory distress syndrome, in which respiratory failure is an uncommon cause of death. In addition, we identified a subset of patients (5%) who died primarily due to fungemia, providing an area for further investigation.

Landslides, which can occur due to earthquakes and heavy rainfall, pose significant challenges across large areas. To effectively manage these disasters, it is crucial to have fast and reliable automatic detection methods for mapping landslides. In recent years, deep learning methods, particularly convolutional neural and fully convolutional networks, have been successfully applied to various fields, including landslide detection, with remarkable accuracy and high reliability. However, most of these models achieved high detection performance based on high-resolution satellite images. In this research, we introduce a modified Residual U-Net combined with the Convolutional Block Attention Module, a deep learning method, for automatic landslide mapping. The proposed method is trained and assessed using freely available data sets acquired from Sentinel-2 sensors, digital elevation models, and slope data from ALOS PALSAR with a spatial resolution of 10 m. Compared to the original ResU-Net model, the proposed architecture achieved higher accuracy, with the F1-score improving by 9.1% for the landslide class. Additionally, it offers a lower computational cost, with 1.38 giga multiply-accumulate operations per second (GMACS) needed to execute the model compared to 2.68 GMACS in the original model. The source code is available at https://github.com/manhhv87/LandSlideMapping.git .

IntroductionConsumption of cocaine can lead to numerous injuries and poisoning. However, only a limited number of studies have explored cocaine-related injuries. This study examined a wide range of injuries and poisonings related to cocaine only and in combination with other substances in Canada using sentinel surveillance data captured by the electronic Canadian Hospitals Injury Reporting and Prevention Program (eCHIRPP). MethodsInjuries and poisonings related to the use of cocaine only or in combination with other substances were identified in the eCHIRPP database between January 2012 and December 2019 for all ages. Descriptive analyses were performed to investigate the distribution of demographic and injury characteristics in poisoning and injury records related to the use of cocaine only and in combination with other substances. Statistical analyses were conducted to find the proportion of cocaine-related injuries per 100000 eCHIRPP records. Cocaine-related injury trends were assessed using annual percent change (APC). ResultsCocaine-related injuries and poisonings were observed in 123 records per 100 000 eCHIRPP records. Of the 1482 patients who presented to emergency departments of CHIRPP sites with this type of injury or poisoning, the majority involved cocaine use in combination with one or more substances (80.0%; n = 1186), whereas cocaine-only use was the minority (20.0%; n = 296). Among all cocaine-related records, poisoning was the leading diagnosis (62.7%; n = 930) and most injuries and poisonings were unintentional (73.5%; n = 1090). Overall, the trend of cocaine-related eCHIRPP records for all age groups increased over the study period from 2012 to 2019 (APC [total] = 47.8%, p < 0.05). ConclusionOur findings of a higher proportion of cocaine-related injuries and poisonings among adolescents and young adults, as well as the co-consumption of cocaine with other substances, demonstrate the importance of extensive surveillance of cocainerelated injuries and poisonings and the implementation of evidence-based public health interventions.

IntroductionSi la consommation de cocaïne est à l’origine de nombreuses blessures et intoxications, seul un nombre limité d’études a porté sur les blessures liées à la cocaïne. Cette étude a permis d’analyser un large éventail de blessures et d’intoxications liées à la consommation de cocaïne seule et en combinaison avec d’autres substances au Canada,à l’aide des données de surveillance sentinelle saisies dans la plateforme électronique du Système canadien hospitalier d’information et de recherche en prévention des traumatismes (eSCHIRPT). MéthodologieNous avons extrait les dossiers correspondant aux blessures et aux intoxications liées à la consommation de cocaïne, seule ou en combinaison avec d’autres substances, saisis dans la base de données de l’eSCHIRPT entre janvier 2012 et décembre 2019 pour tous les groupes d’âge. Nous avons effectué des analyses descriptives afin d’obtenir la répartition des caractéristiques des patients et des blessures au sein des dossiers mentionnant des intoxications et des blessures liées à la consommation de cocaïne seule ou en combinaison avec d’autres substances. Nous avons réalisé des analyses statistiques afin de déterminer la proportion de blessures liées à la cocaïne pour 100 000 dossiers consignés dans l’eSCHIRPT. Nous avons évalué les tendances relatives aux blessures liées à la cocaïne en utilisant la variation annuelle en pourcentage (VAP). RésultatsDes blessures et des intoxications liées à la cocaïne ont été signalées dans 123 dossiers pour 100 000 dossiers consignés dans l’eSCHIRPT. Des 1 482 patients qui se sont présentés aux urgences des établissements participant au SCHIRPT en lien avec ce type de blessure ou d’intoxication, la majorité avaient consommé de la cocaïne en combinaison avec une ou plusieurs substances (80,0 %; n = 1 186) plutôt que de la cocaïne seule (20,0 %; n = 296). Sur l’ensemble des dossiers associés à la cocaïne, l’intoxication était le diagnostic le plus fréquent (62,7 %; n = 930) et la plupart des blessures et des intoxications étaient non intentionnelles (73,5 %; n = 1 090). Globalement, les déclarations d’incidents relatifs à la cocaïne ont connu une hausse dans l’eSCHIRPT pour tous les groupes d’âge (VAP [total] = 47,8 %, p < 0,05) au cours de la période à l’étude (2012­2019). ConclusionLa proportion plus importante de blessures et d’intoxications liées à la cocaïne chez les adolescents et les jeunes adultes ainsi que la consommation simultanée de cocaïne et d’autres substances révélées par notre étude témoignent de l’importance de procéder à une surveillance exhaustive des blessures et des intoxications liées à la cocaïne ainsi qu’à des interventions de santé publique fondées sur des données probantes

Abstract Sarcomatoid sweat gland carcinomas are rare among cutaneous cancers, with less than 20 cases described. A 54‐year‐old woman with sarcomatoid sweat gland carcinoma of the right upper extremity suffered extensive recurrence at 15 months, unresponsive to chemotherapy. There is no standard treatment or chemotherapy regimens for metastatic sweat gland carcinoma.

Cell fate commitment involves transcription factor activity and changes in chromatin architecture. Here the authors show that CAF-1 maintains lineage fidelity by controlling chromatin accessibility at specific sites; suppressing CAF-1 triggers differentiation of myeloid stem and progenitor cells into a mixed lineage state.

Abstract Vermiculite clays are adsorbent materials that have good chemical adsorption capacity, which makes them applicable in the removal of drugs from aqueous solutions. Their lamellar structure can be easily expanded and organophilized. To assess the efficacy and environmentally-tolerant capacity of the adsorption method, the organophilized vermiculite clay was compared to both natural and expanded vermiculite clays. To prepare the organophilized clays, a natural clay sample was expanded at 900 °C. The expanded clay was thus treated by immersion in a 1.0 M NaCl solution and organophilized using a cetyltrimethylammonium bromide (CTMA-Br) surfactant, for 24 h at 50 °C. Natural, expanded, and organophilized samples were characterized using the techniques of XRD, FTIR, TG/DSC, and SEM to observe structural changes after expansion and organophilization. These characterizations indicated that there was an increase in the interlamellar space of the expanded and organophilized sample. In addition, a study of the point of zero charge was performed to determine the surface changes of the samples and the amount of doxazosin adsorption in the samples was determined by the time adsorption test. Further, the organophilized sample showed potential adsorption of the drug doxazosin and high performance in relation to the expanded and natural samples.

Objectives. Phase-shift keyed (PSK) signals are widely used in many telecommunication, communication, and cellular information transmission systems. Phase-shift keying provides a higher noise immunity than amplitude and frequency modulations do. An increase in the modulation order of such a signal leads not only to an increase in its spectral efficiency, but also to a certain decrease in the noise immunity of reception. To ensure a high noise immunity of reception of multiple phase-shift keyed (MPSK) signals, a demodulator should provide the coherence of the reference oscillation with the carrier. Ignorance of the frequency and phase of the received signal leads to significant energy losses. The purpose of this work was to synthesize and analyze algorithms for receiving MPSK signals with phase fluctuations caused by changes in the carrier frequency due to the Doppler effect against the background of white Gaussian noise.Methods. The problem was solved using the apparatus of optimal nonlinear filtering and methods of statistical radio engineering.Results. A demodulator was synthesized, which includes two interconnected units. One of them is a discrete symbol estimation unit, at the output of which a decision on the received symbol is issued, and the other is a phase-lock circuit. Analytical expressions were derived to estimate the characteristics of the receiver noise immunity as functions of the signalto-noise ratio and fluctuation parameters. It was shown that the synthesized quasi-coherent algorithm compensates well for the MPSK signal phase fluctuations caused by the instability of the master oscillator and the Doppler effect.Conclusions. Comparison of the results of this work with results obtained in the case of the absence of fluctuations in the initial phase showed that, at a high relative speed of the transmitter and the receiver (satellite radio channel), the energy loss is no more than 1 dB, and at lower speeds of the objects, it is about 0.2 dB and less.