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Abstract Dictyophora rubrovalvata is a valuable fungus homologous to food and medicine, and its polysaccharide have been gaining increasing attention because of its plentiful activity. However, the structure and activity of its homogeneous polysaccharide have not been studied enough. In this study, two polysaccharides DRP-I and DRP-II were purified from D. rubrovalvata. Their structures were characterized by chemical composition, monosaccharide composition analysis, methylation analysis and nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy. The results showed that DRP-I and DRP-II were neutral heteropolysaccharides with molecular weights of 5.79 × 103 and 1.25 × 104 Da, respectively, which were composed of mannose, galactose, glucose, xylose and fucose. The main chains were → 6)-α-D-Galp-(1 → 6)-α-D-Galp-(2,1 → 6)-α-D-Manp-(2,1 → 6)-α-D-Galp-(1, and branch chains were β-D-Xylp-(1 → 3)-α-L-Fucp-(1 → 4)-α-D-Manp-(1 → and α-D-Galp-(1 → 3)-α-D-Galp-(1 → . The in vitro immunoactivity assays on dendritic cells showed that DRP-I and DRP-II could up-regulate the expression of IL-10 and IL-6 and inhibit the expression of TNF-α in a concentration-dependent manner. This research indicated that DRP-I and DRP-II possessed immunoactivity by balancing the excessive inflammation, and molecular weight is an important factor affecting immunoactivity. Graphical Abstract

Adverse childhood experiences (ACEs) are traumatic events or situations that individuals may experience during their childhood. Children living with prolonged and persistent adverse experiences may have lifelong effects on their physical and mental health. Most studies in Europe and the United States confirm that ACEs increase the risk of hypertension in adulthood. However, the association between different types of ACEs and hypertension in adulthood remains controversial. This study provides a comprehensive review of studies on the association between different types of ACEs and hypertension, which explores the effects of ACEs on hypertension in adulthood and potential mechanisms. This study also summarizes the current status of studies on ACEs and hypertension. It presents a prospective view of providing a basis for improving the early childhood developmental environment and preventing hypertension in adulthood.

Background Pneumoconiosis mostly combines pulmonary and cardiovascular diseases, among which pulmonary heart disease (PHD) is of major concern due to its significant impact on the survival of pneumoconiosis patients. White cell count (WCC), red cell distribution width (RDW) and platelet parameters are thought to affect inflammatory responses and may be predictors of various cardiovascular diseases. However, very few studies have focused on PHD.Objectives To examine the relationship between baseline complete blood count parameters (WCC, RDW, platelet parameters) and the risk of incident PHD in pneumoconiosis patients.Design A retrospective cohort study.Setting This was a single-centre, retrospective cohort study that used data from an Occupational Disease Hospital, Chengdu, Sichuan.Participants A total of 946 pneumoconiosis patients from January 2012 to November 2021 were included in the study. Female patients and patients who had PHD, coronary heart disease, hypertensive heart disease, cardiomyopathy, heart failure, oncological disease, multiple organ dysfunction, AIDS at baseline and follow-up time of less than 6 months were also excluded.Outcome measures We identified PHD according to the patient’s discharge diagnosis. We constructed Cox proportional hazard regression models to assess the HR of incident PHD in pneumoconiosis, as well as 95% CIs.Results In the multiple Cox proportional hazard regression analysis, platelet count (PLT) and plateletcrit (PCT) above the median at baseline were associated with an increased risk of PHD in pneumoconiosis with adjusted HR of 1.52 (95% CI 1.09 to 2.12) and 1.42 (95% CI 1.02 to 1.99), respectively.Conclusion Higher baseline PLT and PCT are associated with a higher risk of PHD in pneumoconiosis.

IntroductionAngle-closure glaucoma is a common type of glaucoma in Asian populations. However, the role of inflammatory cytokines in angle-closure glaucoma is yet to be elucidated. Therefore, this study aimed to examine the expression of interleukin-4 (IL-4) and IL-12 in the aqueous humor of patients with chronic primary angle-closure glaucoma (CPACG) and elucidate the correlations between IL-4 and IL-12 concentrations in the aqueous humor, the degree of visual field defects, and retinal nerve fiber layer (RNFL) thickness in patients with CPACG.MethodsAqueous humor samples were obtained from 31 patients diagnosed with CPACG at the Shaoxing People’s Hospital between April 2022 and March 2023 and from 30 individuals with cataract (control). Based on the degree of the mean defect (MD), patients were divided into three groups: group A (MD ≤ −6dB, n= 10), group B (−6dB< MD< −12dB, n= 9), and group C (MD ≥ − 12dB, n= 12). RNFL thickness was measured using an optical coherence tomograph, and the concentrations of IL-4 and IL-12 in the aqueous humor were measured using Luminex technology.ResultsAqueous humor concentration of IL-4 was significantly higher (p = 0.036) in the CPACG group than in the cataract group. However, there was no significant difference (p > 0.05) in IL- 12 concentration between the two groups. Additionally, there were no significant differences (p > 0.05) in IL-4 and IL-12 levels among patients with varying degrees of visual field defects (groups A, B, and C). Spearman’s correlation analysis showed that IL-4 and IL-12 concentrations were not correlated (p > 0.05) with RNFL thickness around the optic disc and the degree of visual field defects.DiscussionConclusively, IL-4 may play an important role in the pathogenesis of CPACG. Given that IL-4 and IL-12 concentrations in the aqueous humor were not significantly correlated with RNFL thickness and the degree of visual field defects, the increase in IL-4 and IL-12 expression may not induce apoptosis and loss of retinal ganglion cells or affect RNFL thickness as well as the degree of visual field defects.

PURPOSEThis systematic review and meta-analysis of conventional enhanced magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) were conducted to evaluate the diagnostic performance of imaging features of microvascular invasion (MVI) prediction in hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC).METHODSRelevant studies on diagnosing MVI in HCC by MRI were searched in the MEDLINE, PUBMED, EMBASE, Cochrane library, and Web of Science databases. The pooled mean sensitivity and specificity were calculated using a random effects model. The corresponding positive likelihood ratio (PLR), negative likelihood ratio (NLR), and pooled diagnostic odds ratio (DOR) were calculated. The summary receiver operating characteristic (SROC) curve was used to summarize the overall diagnostic accuracy. Diagnostic performance was evaluated by determining the area under the curve (AUC). Regression analysis by subgroup and sensitivity analysis were used to explore potential sources of heterogeneity.RESULTSA total of 19 studies comprising 1920 HCC patients with 2033 tumors were ultimately enrolled. For the signs of the presence of peritumoral enhancement in the arterial phase, peritumoral hypointensity in the hepatobiliary phase, irregular non-smooth margin, and rim-like enhancement in the arterial phase, the pooled sensitivity values, the pooled specificity values, the pooled PLR values, the pooled NLR values, the pooled DOR values, and the values of the AUC of SROC curves were determined.CONCLUSIONThe conventional MRI features for predicting MVI showed poor diagnostic performance in HCC. Only signs of the presence of peritumoral enhancement in the arterial phase showed a moderate diagnostic accuracy.

Background Preoperative anemia has been associated with perioperative morbidity and mortality in patients undergoing cardiac and non-cardiac surgery. Preoperative anemia is common in elderly hip fracture patients. The primary objective of the study was to explore the relationship between preoperative hemoglobin levels and postoperative major adverse cardiovascular events (MACEs) in hip fracture patients over 80 years. Methods The retrospective study enrolled hip fracture patients over 80 years from January 2015 to December 2021 in our center. The data were collected from the hospital’s electronic database after approval by the ethics committee. The primary objective of the study was to investigate MACEs, and the secondary objectives included in-hospital mortality, delirium, acute renal failure, ICU admission rate, and transfusion (>2 U). Results 912 patients were entered for final analysis. Based on the restricted cubic spline, the risk of preoperative hemoglobin (2 U risk [OR 2.049, 95% CI (1.56, 2.69), P < .001]. Even after adjustment for confounding factors, MACEs [OR 1.790, 95% CI (1.073, 2.985), P = .026], in-hospital mortality [OR 2.81, 95% CI (1.214, 6.514), P = .016] and transfusion >2 U rate [OR 2.002, 95% CI (1.516, 2.65), P < .001] were still higher in the lower hemoglobin level cohort. Moreover, a log-rank test showed increased in-hospital mortality in the cohort with a preoperative hemoglobin level of 2 U.

To delay frost formation and maintain high heat transfer capacity of an evaporator, a closed-loop wind tunnel was designed and constructed to investigate the effect of heat exchange temperature difference (ΔT) and air velocity on frost formation characteristics, refrigerating capacity and water removal of air. The closed-loop wind tunnel provided flowing air at temperature of −18 °C, relative humidity of 85% and velocity from 2 to 5 m/s. During experiment, three obvious stages of frost thickness were found when air initial velocity was 3–5 m/s. With ΔT changing from 7 to 3 °C, the water removal of air through the evaporator decreased by 3–5 times and the high efficient operation time ratio (HETR) increased by 2–3 times. Meanwhile, the average frost mass reduced by about half at any fixed air velocity. When ΔT was 7 °C and air velocity was 2 m/s, the average refrigerating capacity was almost equal to that when ΔT was 3 °C and air velocity was 5 m/s. The combined results showed that smaller ΔT and larger air velocity was useful to forbid frost formation, and to maintain stable high refrigerating capacity and relative humidity.

Objective: To assess the clinical value of a radiomics model based on low-dose computed tomography (LDCT) in diagnosing benign and malignant pulmonary ground-glass nodules. Methods: A retrospective analysis was performed on 274 patients who underwent LDCT scanning with the identification of pulmonary ground-glass nodules from January 2018 to March 2021. All patients had complete clinical and pathological data. The cases were randomly divided into 191 cases in a training set and 83 cases in a validation set using the random sampling method and a 7:3 ratio. Based on the predictor sources, we established clinical, radiomics, and combined prediction models in the training set. A receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve was generated for the training and validation sets, the predictive abilities of the different models for benign and malignant nodules were compared according to the area under the curve (AUC), and the model with the best predictive ability was selected. A calibration curve was plotted to test the good-of-fitness of the model in the validation set. Results: Of the 274 patients (84 males and 190 females), 156 had malignant, and 118 had benign nodules. The univariate analysis showed a statistically significant difference in nodule position between benign nodules and lung adenocarcinoma in both data sets ( P 8 mm, the probability of nodule malignancy increased ( P < .001). The results showed that the combined model had a higher prediction ability than the other two models. The combined model could distinguish between benign and malignant pulmonary nodules in the training set (AUC: 0.711; 95%CI: 0.634-0.787; ACC: 0.696; sensitivity: 0.617; specificity: 0.816; PPV:0.835; NPV: 0.585). Moreover, this model could predict benign and malignant nodules in the validation set (AUC: 0.695; 95%CI: 0.574-0.816; ACC: 9.747; sensitivity: 0.694; specificity: 0.824; PPV: 0.850; NPV: 0.651). The calibration curve had a P value of 0.775, indicating that in the validation set, there was no difference between the value predicted by the combined model and the actual observed value and that the result was a good fit. Conclusion: The prediction model combining clinical information and radiomics parameters had a good ability to distinguish benign and malignant pulmonary ground-glass nodules.