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Background The burden and trend of thyroid cancer in Vietnam have not been well documented. This study aimed to investigate the trends in incidence and histological pattern of thyroid cancer in Ho Chi Minh City from 1996 to 2015. Methods A population-based study retrieved data from the Ho Chi Minh City Cancer Registry during 1996–2015. Trends in the incidence of thyroid cancer were investigated based on age, gender, and histology for each 5-year period. Annual percentage change (APC) in incidence rates was estimated using Joinpoint regression analysis. Results In the study period, there were 5953 thyroid cancer cases (men-to-women ratio 1:4.5) newly diagnosed in Ho Chi Minh City with the mean age of 42.9 years (±14.9 years). The age-standardized incidence rate of thyroid cancer increased from 2.4 per 100,000 during 1996–2000 (95% confidence interval [95% CI]: 2.2–2.6) to 7.5 per 100,000 during 2011–2015 (95% CI: 7.3–7.9), corresponded to an overall APC of 8.7 (95% CI 7.6–9.9). The APC in men and women was 6.2 (95% CI: 4.2–8.2) and 9.2 (95% CI: 8.0–10.4), respectively. The incidence rate in the Conclusions There were appreciable increases in the age-standardized incidence rate of thyroid cancer in both genders, mainly contributed by the papillary subtype. The age of patients at diagnosis decreased gradually. The widespread utilization of advanced diagnostic techniques and healthcare accessibility improvement might play a potential role in these trends. Further investigations are needed to comprehend the risk factors and trends fully.

Little is known about the trends in colorectal cancer (CRC) in Vietnam. We aimed to investigate the trends in epidemiology and anatomical subsites of CRC in Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam.Based on the Ho Chi Minh City Cancer Registry data during 1996-2015, we calculated the average annual percent changes (AAPCs) of the age-standardized incidence rates (ASRs) by sex, age groups, and anatomical subsites, using joinpoint regressions analysis. We further performed age-period-cohort (APC) analysis using the United States National Cancer Institute's web-based statistical tool to explore the underlying reason for the incidence trend.Over 20 years the overall ASR of CRC increased from 10.5 to 17.9 per 100,000, a 1.7-fold increase. CRC incidence elevated more rapidly in men (AAPC 4.7, 95%CI 2.2-7.3) than in women (AAPC 2.6, 95%CI 0.6-4.8). The highest and lowest increasing rates of ASRs were observed in the 50-64-year-old age group (AAPC 5.3, 95%CI 2.8-7.9) and 50-year-old age group (AAPC 1.1, 95%CI -0.7 to 2.9), respectively. Regarding subsites, rectal cancer had the highest rate of increase (AAPC 3.3, 95%CI 1.0-5.7). Furthermore, the APC analysis indicated significant increases in CRC incidence in birth cohorts after 1975 in both genders.The CRC incidence in Ho Chi Minh City increased, with the more prominent rates being among men and older populations, in rectal subsites, and in people born after 1975. The upward trend of CRC incidence in Ho Chi Minh City may be due to the adoption of a westernized lifestyle.

Study question Is corifollitropin alfa 150 μg equivalent to follitropin beta 300 IU/day for controlled ovarian hyperstimulation (COS) in older women weighing ≥50 kg undergoing IVF and/or ICSI in Vietnam? Summary answer Corifollitropin alfa 150 μg was equivalent to follitropin beta 300 IU/day with respect to the number of oocytes retrieved, the ongoing, cumulative and live birth rates and obstetric outcomes. What is known already Corifollitropin alfa is a recombinant FSH (rFSH) preparation with slow absorption and a long half-life allowing administration of a single dose for COS lasting 7 days. Several randomized, controlled clinical trials have reported that COS with corifollitropin alfa is associated with similar outcomes compared with COS using daily rFSH. However, limited data are available in Asian patients. Study design size duration This randomized controlled trial was conducted at a single large IVF centre in Vietnam from June 2015 to August 2016. A total of 400 patients were included, 200 in each treatment group. The primary outcome measure was the number of oocytes retrieved. Patients were followed for 1 year after randomization. Participants /materials setting methods Participants aged 35-42 years with a body weight ≥50 kg who were undergoing an IVF cycle were randomized to undergo COS with a single dose of corifollitropin alfa 150 μg on Day 2 or 3 of the menstrual cycle, or follitropin beta 300 IU/day for 7 days starting on Day 2 or 3 of the menstrual cycle. All underwent ICSI according to standard institutional protocols. A beta hCG test was performed 17 days after ovum pick-up, and positive tests were confirmed on vaginal and/or abdominal ultrasound at 5-6 weeks after embryo transfer (clinical pregnancy) and at ≥10 weeks (ongoing pregnancy). Rates of ovarian hyperstimulation syndrome, and maternal and foetal outcomes after one cycle of ICSI were monitored over 12 months. Main results and the role of chance Patients in the corifollitropin alfa and follitropin beta groups were well matched at baseline (mean age 37.5 ± 1.9 vs 37.7 ± 2.0 years, mean body weight 53.7 ± 5.4 vs 52.5 ± 4.8 kg). There was no significant difference between the corifollitropin alfa and follitropin beta groups in the number of oocytes retrieved (11.4 ± 5.9 vs 10.8 ± 5.8; P = 0.338). The ongoing pregnancy rate (31.5 vs 32.0%; P = 0.99) and live birth rate (30.5 vs 32.0%; P = 0.83) (both per initiated cycle at 12 months after randomization) were also similar in the two treatment groups. Complication rates were low and similar in the corifollitropin alfa and follitropin beta groups, and there were no significant between-group differences in obstetric outcomes. Limitations reasons for caution This study had an open-label design, and therefore, the potential for bias cannot be excluded. The findings are only applicable to patient populations with similar characteristics to those enroled in the study. Wider implications of the findings This study adds to the body of evidence supporting the equivalence of corifollitropin alfa and follitropin beta for COS in a variety of patients undergoing IVF and/or ICSI. The ability to provide COS with corifollitropin alfa has the potential to reduce the burden of treatment for patients. Study funding/competing interests This study was supported by Merck Sharp and Dohme. The authors state that they have no financial or commercial conflicts of interest. Trial registration number The trial was registered with clinicaltrials.gov (NCT02466204). Trial registration date 2 June 2015. Date of first patient’s enrolment 19 June 2015.

The White Tiger field is currently the biggest fractured basement reservoir on the continental shelf of Vietnam. This reservoir has a complicated geological structure with high temperature and closure stress. Thus, experiences that have been learned from this field operation are good lessons. This article reviews significant events in geological development, achievements in the early development, and late stage to improve oil recovery by special methods for fractured granite basement reservoirs, such as hydraulic fracturing, water flooding, water shut-off, surfactant flooding, and changing pressure regime. It is a worthy case study for both current and future development planning of basement reservoirs in the world.

Resume Dans le cadre de l'exploration biologique de l'atopie chez des enfants ( n = 44) presentant des troubles respiratoires, le dosage dans le serum des IgE totales et des IgE specifiques de cinq allergenes courants (d1, d2, e1, g3, g6) a ete realise par une technique utilisant la chimiluminescence : Magic Lite (Ciba Corning). Les resultats obtenus pour les IgE specifiques ont ete confrontes d'une part aux resultats d'une technique radio-isotopique : rast Pharmacia et, d'autre part, aux tests cutanes. Dans 93% des cas, une concordance des resultats exprimes en classe (avec une tolerance d'une classe d'ecart) est constatee entre les deux techniques. Les tests cutanes pratiques ( n = 22) confirment les resultats des dosages d'IgE specifiques dans 18 cas. La technique Magic Lite est rapide (moins de 2 h) et ne necessite que 25 μl de specimen par allergene teste.

Using the steepest-descent method combined with the Armijo stepsize rule, we give an algorithm for finding a solution to the inclusion 0∈F(x), whereF is a set-valued map with smooth support function. As an example, we consider the special caseF(x)=g(x)+K, withK being a convex cone andg a single-valued function. The relation between the present algorithm and that given by Burke and Han is also discussed.

Now and then, the conflicting character of results of some analyses is prejudicial to patients (financial and particullary psychological repercussions), to the laboratories (renown) and to the practitioners (difficulties of interpreting). After a study of the dispersion of some analyses results, the authors propose a creation of an Interlaboratory Quality Control in Clinical Biochemistry in Senegal.

We conducted an European multicentre trial to assess the performance of the new Boehringer Mannheim/Hitachi 717 analysis system. The photometer response was linear up to an absorbance of 2.8. The maximal CV of photometric imprecision was 0.5% for the wavelength pair 340/405 nm within the absorbance range 0.9 to 2.4. For the 13 analytes in our study, mean within-run imprecision was less than 2%, and mean between-day imprecision less than 2.5%. The results obtained with the Hitachi 717 instrument correlated closely with those of comparison instruments. Linearity for the various tests was high and exceeded the manufacturer's claims. No drift was detected during an 8-hour work period; carry over could not be detected under the chosen experimental conditions. The new instrument was readily accepted by the evaluators because of its ease of handling and simple daily maintenance.

The leachability of B and salts from two fly ash-amended soils was conducted in a column leaching experiment. Fly ash was applied to the surface 3 cm of a Baywood (acid) sand and an Arizo (calcareous) sandy, loam at 5% by weight; the columns were continously leached with Colorado River water at two different pH's. Boron from fly ash was solubilized more readily in the Baywood than in the Arizo soil. Addition of fly ash increased B levels in the leachates from 0.25 to 2.35 μg ml−1 (Baywood) and 0.93 μg ml−1 (Arizo). Acidified leaching water had no significant effect on B leaching patterns but resulted in leaching higher soluble salts. Approximately 348 and 161 cm of water for the Arizo and the Baywood soils respectively, would be required to reduce the B concentration below a critical limit for B sensitive crops. It is suggested that crops planted when fly ash is applied for disposal/recycling on land should be both salt and B tolerant.

A direct enzymatic micromethod (sample volume, 3mul) has been adapted to the centrifugal analyzer (ENI-GEMSAEC) for measurement of urea in plasma and urine. The method is based on urease (urea amidohydrolase, EC3.5.1.5)/glutamate dehydrogenase [l-glutamate:NAD(P)+oxidoreductase (deaminating), EC1.41.3] coupled reactions, and uses a two-point fixed-time (t(1)=20s,t(2)=50s)kinetic scheme for monitoring the rate of comsumption of NADH at 340 nm. Sensitivity and precision of the method are excellent,and results compare well with those from a commonly used continuous-flow method.

Fly ash from a coal-fired power plant was separated into various-sized fractions which were then chemically characterized. The fly ash contained higher concentrations of B, Co, Cr, Cd, Mo, Ni, Pb, As, and Se than normally found in soils. Except for Cd, Co, and Pb, trace elements were more concentrated in the 250-..mu..m fraction. Solubility of trace elements in water increased greatly as the equilibrium pH was lowered. Three soils, an acid sand, a calcareous loamy sand, and a calcareous silt loam, were amended with five rates of fly ash up to 1.0% by weight and equilibrated at moisture contents of 1/3 bar or saturation for periods ranging up to 29 weeks. Solubility of trace elements in water and DTPA extracts were observed. Application of fly ash increased soil pH; the acid soil exhibited the greatest increase. Except for B, fly ash amendment up to 1.0% did not result in elevated concentration of either water-soluble or DTPA-extractable trace elements. Additions of fly ash to the acid soil decreased DTPA-extractable Fe, Mn, Ni, Co, and Pb. The data demonstrated that the alkalinity of fly ash plays a significant role in regulating the availability of trace elements inmore » the amended soils.« less

The effects of single and repeated applications of herbicides on giant buttercup (Ranunculus acris L.) within 1 year, followed in some mstances by further annual applications were examine in two experiments on dairy pastures. Application of MCPA was more effective in August than m May. A single application in August was as effective as split applications in May and August. Further applications of MCPA or MCPB in early December unproved control, except where initial control had been good. The effect of MCPB was slightly less than that of MCPA, although when applied in addition to earlier herbicide treatments differences were small. Application of MCP A at 2- kg/ha was usually slightly more effective than 1 kg/ha. Annualre-treatment with MCPA caused a steady decline in giant buttercup numbers, although giant buttercups were never eliminated even after up to 4 years annual treatment. When spraying was discontinued, buttercup numbers recovered to levels of those in untreated plots in 3 or 4 years. Re...

Photosynthesis and transpiration rates of seedlings of 4 citrus rootstocks under flooded conditions were measured over a 10-day period. For all rootstocks photosynthesis and transpiration decreased, but photosynthesis decreased relatively less than transpiration. Stomatal closure is inferred to account in part for the reductions observed. Flooding did not increase ethanol concentration in either tops or roots, suggesting that ethanol is not an end-product of. anaerobic respiration in citrus seedlings. Only in the neutral soil was rough lemon (Citrus limon L. Burm. f.) found to be more tolerant to short-term flooding than ‘Cleopatra’ mandarin (Citrus reticulata Blanco) and trifoliate orange (Poncirus trifoliata L. Raf.). Tolerance to flood injury was greater at a soil pH of 7 than 4.5.

A direct enzymatic micromethod (sample volume, 3mul) has been adapted to the centrifugal analyzer (ENI-GEMSAEC) for measurement of urea in plasma and urine. The method is based on urease (urea amidohydrolase, EC3.5.1.5)/glutamate dehydrogenase [l-glutamate:NAD(P)+oxidoreductase (deaminating), EC1.41.3] coupled reactions, and uses a two-point fixed-time (t(1)=20s,t(2)=50s)kinetic scheme for monitoring the rate of comsumption of NADH at 340 nm. Sensitivity and precision of the method are excellent,and results compare well with those from a commonly used continuous-flow method.

The selective multitest Boehringer Mannheim/Hitachi 704 analysis system was examined according to the ECCLS guidelines in a multicentre evaluation involving four laboratories. Ten routine parameters, covering most of the application settings of the instrument, were measured in the respective laboratory at temperatures 25, 30 or 37 degrees C. The trial lasted four months and gave more than 40,000 data. It yielded the following results: 1. Within the four laboratories the mean coefficients of variation for three control sera at different concentrations were found to be equal to or better than 1.6% for the within-run imprecision and 2.8% or better for the between-day imprecision. 2. No drift was observed during eight hours. 3. Because of the high linear measuring range a re-run analysis was seldom necessary. 4. Sample-related carry-over was not seen. Reagent-dependent carry-over was measured from cholesterol to uric acid and from triacylglycerols to lipase. Through modification of the cholesterol and triacylglycerol reagents, the carry-over effect was practically eliminated. 5. The recovery of the assigned values of control sera showed average values between 99 and 104%. For bilirubin, creatinine, creatine kinase and alanine aminotransferase some control sera showed deviations greater than 10%. 6. In all cases, regression analysis of the results obtained in comparisons of the present instrument with the Hitachi 705 or 737 yielded slopes close to unity with extreme values of 0.95 and 1.06. 7. During the entire evaluation period there was no malfunction or breakdown of the instruments. The evaluators came to the conclusion that the analytical performance as well as the reliability and practicability of the Hitachi 704 can be rated as excellent.