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Copyright of Revista Española de Sociología is the property of Federacion Espanola de Sociologia and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Resumen El artículo se propone conocer las experiencias de retorno de argentinos y argentinas provenientes de España en contexto de crisis económica (2008-2017). El trabajo parte del supuesto de que los elementos macroestructurales del contexto receptor (crisis económica y laboral) operan como detonantes en la decisión de retorno, pero los factores ligados al nivel micro y meso y su interconexión con el contexto macroestructural iluminan otras variables que permiten identificar diferentes motivaciones, expectativas y estrategias para planificar el retorno. A partir de una metodología cualitativa basada en entrevistas en profundidad, se analizan dos factores centrales de la preparación del retorno: los vínculos transnacionales previos y posteriores al retorno y el conjunto de recursos acumulados (y movilizados) antes, después y durante la migración.

Amid the proliferation of multiplatform social media use and fake news, the ongoing debate about social media's impact on news engagement and selective exposure remains inconclusive. Drawing on a representative sample of 17 countries (N = 34,633), the present study examined the association of country-level media systems, individual-level fake news concerns, and multiplatform news use with news engagement and selective exposure. The multilevel analyses revealed (a) an overall positive association between multiplatform social media use and news engagement, (b) the role of fake news concerns on the formation of echo chambers, and (c) the role of state intervention in mitigating individuals' news engagement in a multiplatform landscape. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Antecedentes: los factores motivacionales constituyen aspectos fundamentales para lograr experiencias de bienestar asociadas al desarrollo de actividades académicas. Sin embargo, los estudios sobre la satisfacción académica se han focalizado en la dimensión individual, excluyendo la influencia del nivel docente. Objetivo: el estudio tiene por objetivo estimar un modelo hipotético multinivel que explica la satisfacción académica desde factores motivacionales de docentes y estudiantes. Método: la muestra se estructura de manera jerárquica, considerando 745 estudiantes universitarios anidados a 32 docentes. Para el análisis de los datos se utiliza estadística descriptiva y análisis de senderos multinivel. Resultados: los resultados muestran que los factores motivacionales de los estudiantes explican mayoritariamente la variación de la satisfacción académica. No obstante, el nivel docente también incide significativamente a partir de la percepción de presión de los estudiantes, proceso que debilita la motivación autónoma para la enseñanza y la autoeficacia docente, afectando la calidad de los procesos de enseñanzaaprendizaje. Conclusión: se concluye que la configuración de la satisfacción académica implica el despliegue de recursos motivacionales tanto de docentes como de estudiantes, los que a partir de su interacción contribuyen al desarrollo de experiencias de bienestar en el aula.

El presente artículo busca examinar el ejercicio de la representación sustantiva por las legisladoras mexicanas y explorar la relación entre la representación descriptiva y la representación sustantiva de las mujeres en el ámbito político mexicano. El trabajo evidencia los patrones en la presentación y aprobación de las iniciativas feministas, evidenciando que, si bien las mujeres presentan la mayoría de las iniciativas de corte feminista y su presencia en los legislativos contribuye a la articulación de los intereses de las mujeres, esta articulación resulta limitada a solo ciertas agendas y no siempre corresponde a las perspectivas o soluciones progresistas.

Este trabajo tiene como objetivo presentar una mirada global de la aplicabilidad de los modelos de análisis multinivel en el ámbito de la investigación sanitaria. Ofrece información sobre los fundamentos teóricos, metodológicos y estadísticos y, además, menciona los pasos básicos para la construcción de estos modelos, y da ejemplos de su uso, según la estructura jerárquica de los datos. Cabe resaltar que, antes de utilizar estos modelos, se requiere contar con un soporte teórico sobre la necesidad de uso y una valoración estadística que dé cuenta del porcentaje de varianza explicada por el efecto de agrupación de las observaciones. Los requisitos para llevar a cabo este tipo de análisis dependen de condiciones especiales como el tipo de variables, la cantidad de unidades por nivel o el tipo de estructura jerárquica. Se concluye que los modelos de análisis multinivel son una herramienta útil para lograr la integración de información, dadas la complejidad de las relaciones y las interacciones que determinan la mayoría de las condiciones de salud, incluida la pérdida de independencia entre las unidades de observación.

Copyright of Cultura Educación y Sociedad is the property of Corporacion Universidad de la Costa, CUC and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Liberabit is the property of Universidad de San Martin de Porres, Facultad de Ciencias de la Comunicacion and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Biomédica: Revista del Instituto Nacional de Salud is the property of Instituto Nacional de Salud of Colombia and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

In the academic literature, private supplementary tutoring is widely called shadow education because much of its content mimics that of schooling. The author of this paper wrote the first global study of the phenomenon, which was published in 1999 and set the agenda for much subsequent research. The present paper considers research emphases over the decades, noting strengths and gaps. Much initial and ongoing research has focused on economic and social implications of shadow education. Global, regional and national mapping has particularly highlighted cultural contexts and implications for social inequalities. However, inadequate attention has focused on pedagogical and psychological issues. Fitting the theme of the special issue of the journal in which the paper is included, the commentary gives particular attention to teaching, learning and development. It presents multiple levels of analysis to stress the value of, and relationships between, macro, meso and micro perspectives. The paper also highlights the value of quantitative, qualitative and mixed approaches for more complete understanding of dynamics in particular settings and suggests some specific themes for future research. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Publicaciones s de la Facultad de Educacion y Humanidades del Campus de Melilla (Universidad de Granada, Espana) is the property of Universidad de Granada and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Publicaciones s de la Facultad de Educacion y Humanidades del Campus de Melilla (Universidad de Granada, Espana) is the property of Universidad de Granada and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Cadernos de Saude Publica is the property of Escola Nacional de Saude Publica Sergio Arouca and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Revista de Estudios Políticos is the property of Centro de Estudios Politicos y Constitucionales and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

This paper argues for an integrated model of effective teaching which refers to teaching factors that emerge from two theoretical frameworks: the Dynamic Model of Educational Effectiveness and the Educational Dialogue Framework. Twenty-nine primary school teachers and their 489 students (aged 9–12) participated in the study. Student achievement using written tests in mathematics and the Greek language were collected both at the beginning and at the end of the school year. Classroom observation data on teaching behaviour were also collected. Multilevel regression analyses revealed that factors associated with both frameworks explain variation in student achievement in each subject. A model that considers factors from both frameworks explains more variance in student achievement in each subject than any other model. Implications for research, policy and practice are drawn. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The article targets the reasons that are behind behaviour orientation in the vaccination process against COVID-19. The data we are using come from the Flash Eurobarometer 494, collected in May 2021. The key dependent variable puts together vaccination intentions (soon, later on in 2021, undecided, later, never) and the fact of being vaccinated or not. A multivariate and multilevel analysis confirms the validity of an extended theory of planned behaviour in explaining the orientation to the vaccination against COVID-19. The space patterning of the behaviours is highly marked by differences among Old versus the New Member States of the European Union, clusters of countries, urban versus rural areas, and also by a function of trust in relevant institutions, and customs of using vaccination to cope with different diseases as an adult. New questions and hypotheses are generated by multiple comparisons. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Main objective was to determine the effects of motivational configuration (CM) of the teacher and the student in group and individual levels, on classroom motivational climate (CMC), attributed motivation and satisfaction with the teacher (MASP) and estimated performance (RE). The data of 1,022 secondary students and 50 Bolivian teachers were analyzed using multilevel structural equation modeling. The CM of students and teachers was explained by motivational school climate, expectations of self-efficacy, goal orientation and beliefs about learning, knowledge and authority. The CM of the teacher had no impact on CMC, MASP and RE, but that of the student, especially the group level, which reflects common elements among the students of each class. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

El objetivo principal fue determinar los efectos de la configuración motivacional (CM) del profesor y del estudiante en niveles grupal e individual, sobre clima motivacional de clase (CMC), motivación atribuida y satisfacción con el profesor (MASP) y rendimiento estimado (RE). Los datos de 1.022 estudiantes secundarios y 50 profesores bolivianos fueron analizados con modelamiento de ecuaciones estructurales multinivel. La CM de estudiantes y profesores fue explicada por clima motivacional escolar, expectativas de autoeficacia, orientación de meta y creencias sobre el aprendizaje, conocimiento y autoridad. La CM del profesor no tuvo incidencia en CMC, MASP y RE, pero sí la del estudiante, especialmente el nivel grupal, que refleja los elementos comunes entre los estudiantes de cada clase.

Copyright of Cadernos de Saude Publica is the property of Escola Nacional de Saude Publica Sergio Arouca and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Revista Ciência & Saúde Coletiva is the property of Associacao Brasileira de Pos-Graduacao em Saude Coletiva and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

The internationalization of higher education places a responsibility on universities to prepare their students to live and work in an intercultural society. At the Universidad Nacional del Sur (Argentina), Mundo UNS program encompasses the offer of international mobility opportunities for undergraduate students. Due to the central role of mobility opportunities in the aforementioned responsibility, it turns out to analyze the determinants of the probability that a student accesses them. For this, multilevel regression models are estimated, considering the students applying to Mundo UNS in 2018. The results show that curriculum compliance, language abilities and an over-average performance have a positive impact on being chosen for these programs. Thus, the role of international mobility programs as a policy tool for educational inclusion is discussed. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

En este artículo se analiza una selección de cartas escritas por migrantes y de imágenes fotográficas realizadas a ellos y recogidas en la obra Enciclopedia de los Migrantes, fruto de una investigación y de la creación artística financiado por la UE y elaborado simultáneamente en 8 ciudades de Francia, España, Portugal y Gibraltar. Las cartas están dirigidas a una persona que quedó en su tierra de procedencia y explican sus vivencias personales, sus emociones, sentimientos y percepciones en relación al proceso migratorio. Las imágenes fueron realizadas por un fotógrafo artístico bajo la premisa de que tanto el escenario como los objetos retratados fueran elegidos por la propia persona migrante. Los retratos realizados fueron concebidos como una clase de etnofotografia, en la que se analiza tanto las imágenes y sus contenidos (mediante el método de análisis iconológico), particularmente la concepción del cuerpo y de las emociones de los migrantes. This article analyzes a selection of letters written by migrants and photographic images made to them, and collected in the work Encyclopedia of Migrants. The work is the result of research funded by the EU and developed, simultaneously, in 8 cities in France, Spain, Portugal and Gibraltar. The letters are addressed to a person who stayed in their homeland and explain their personal experiences, their emotions, feelings and perceptions regarding the migratory process. The images were made by an artistic photographer under the premise that both the stage and the objects portrayed were chosen by the migrant himself. The portraits were conceived as a kind of ethnophotography in which the images and their contents are analyzed simultaneously (through the method of iconological analysis), particularly the conception of the body and the emotions of the migrants.

Introduction: The main objective of this work is to know the interrelation between the perception of empowering and disempowering climates generated by coaches (team level) with basic psychological needs satisfaction and frustration, and these in turn, with the intentions to continue and abandon sports practice (individual level) in young athletes. Method: 251 Mexican athletes participated (M = 13. 22, SD = 1.28) belonging to 19 teams. A battery of questionnaires was applied for data collection and a multilevel structured equation analysis was performed. Results: The structural equation model revealed positive associations between perceptions of empowering climates from a group perspective on the satisfaction of basic psychological needs and of these on intentions to continue practicing sports from an individual perspective; as well as between perceptions of a disempowering climate on the frustration of basic psychological needs and of these on intentions to drop out. Conclusion: The findings of this study suggest at an applied level that the empowering climate acts as a catalyst of psychological well-being and as a protector against the occurrence of frustration, while the disempowering climate facilitates the development of maladaptive psychological responses in sport. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objetivo: analizar la influencia de determinantes intermediarios individuales y estructurales del contexto socioeconómico del lugar de residencia en el reporte de DMT2 en adultos mayores colombianos. Método: diseño descriptivo correlacional transversal con datos de la Encuesta Nacional de Demografía y Salud, Colombia. La muestra representativa fueron 17,113 adultos mayores de 59 años. Se realizaron modelos logísticos multinivel con dos niveles: 1.determinantes individuales, 2.determinantes del contexto (departamentos: primera división administrativa del país). Resultados: La diabetes es mayor en mujeres, personas con educación superior, con dificultad para el ejercicio, con síntomas depresivos y ansiedad, pensionados e incapacitados. El nivel de riqueza fue positivo y significativamente asociado con el reporte de diabetes. Personas en departamentos con mayores promedios de riqueza fueron más propensos a tener auto reportes de diabetes. En contraste, el reporte de diabetes disminuyó después de los 80 años y a mejores niveles de percepción de salud. Personas en departamentos con mayores niveles de educación tuvieron menos auto reportes de diabetes. Conclusión: intervenciones efectivas de prevención y detección temprana de riesgo de diabetes, deben incluir factores sociales y económicos del contexto departamental, de modo que logren mejorar el estado de salud de los adultos mayores colombianos.

Este artículo estudia por medio de los modelos lineales jerárquicos, la hipótesis de incidencia positiva que las variables de pedagogía y compromiso educativo generan sobre el desempeño académico. Para ello, son analizados las puntuaciones obtenidas por 62769 estudiantes de educación media en las pruebas PISA 2012 en 12 países. Al precisar que los procesos educativos adoptan una estructura jerárquica definida en dos niveles, estudiantes y planteles educativos, la especificación econométrica empleada conduce a resultados ostensiblemente mejores a los que se obtendría de una especificación tradicional. Entre los resultados se encuentra que el desempeño educativo en seis países es explicado en una mayor proporción por variables del entorno familiar y características del alumnado, mientras que en los seis restantes es explicado por el entorno escolar. De igual forma, los resultados validan la hipótesis de investigación formulada en el documento: la pedagogía y el compromiso educativo inciden positivamente sobre el desempeño académico. Así, la formulación de programas que fomenten dichas prácticas al interior de los planteles educativos debe formar parte de la agenda educativa. Por último, se encontró que el sexo del estudiante no aporta explicación alguna que refiera a existencia de brechas educativas pues los resultados son diferentes entre países, mientras que la no repetición de curso y la ausencia escolar, la dotación de elementos escolares en el hogar, el nivel de formación de los padres, entre otros factores, se asocian con sobresalientes resultados en el logro académico. || This article studies from the hierarchical linear models, the hypothesis of positive incidence that the variables of pedagogy and educational commitment generate on the academic performance. For this, the scores obtained by 62769 middle school students in the 2012 PISA tests in 12 countries are analyzed. By specifying that educational processes adopt a hierarchical structure defined in two levels: students and schools; the econometric specification used leads to results ostensibly better compared to those generated from a traditional specification. Among the results, we have that the educational performance in six countries is explained in a greater proportion by variables of the family environment and student’s characteristics, while in six it is explained by the school environment. Similarly, the results confirm the research hypothesis formulated in the document: pedagogy and educational commitment have a positive impact on academic performance, therefore, the formulation of programs that encourage such practices within the schools should be part of the educational policy. Finally, it was found that the sex of the student does not provide any explanation that refers to the existence of educational gaps because the results are dissimilar between countries, while the non-repetition and absence from school, the provision of school elements at home, the level of parent training, among other factors, are associated with outstanding results in academic achievement.

This article presents a crucial test for the theory of party cues by investigating the association between the legislative positions of the Brazilian political party system in a government-opposition dimension and the governmental assessment made by their supporters. The context of the test is the Fernando Henrique Cardoso government (1995-2002), characterized by successive economic crises, which would tend to reduce the parties' influence over public opinion, in face of the traditional explanatory power of theories of economic voting and VP-functions. The results, based on multilevel models built upon seven surveys, suggest that party cues work even in a country like Brazil and in the adverse context chosen for this empirical test. The findings also indicate that party cues were stronger according to the media relevance of each political party. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

La legislación española vigente establece el derecho a la traducción de los documentos que resulten esenciales para garantizar el ejercicio del derecho a la defensa de todo encausado alófono, entre los que se encuentran las resoluciones que acuerden la prisión del investigado, el escrito de acusación y la sentencia. Mientras que la sentencia ha sido objeto de numerosas investigaciones (Holl 2011; Orts Llopis 2017; por citar algunos ejemplos), el escrito de acusación ha recibido escasa atención por parte de la Traductología. Siguiendo un modelo metodológico que combina los enfoques textuales con el estudio jurídico comparado, en esta contribución exponemos los resultados de un análisis pretraslativo multinivel del género escrito de acusación a partir de un corpus ad hoc de documentos reales como ejercicio previo a su traducción al inglés.

Objetivo. Identificar factores asociados al cambio de comportamiento en personas fumadoras mayores de 18 años luego de la implementación de políticas provinciales 100% libre de humo en Argentina. Métodos. Se realizó un estudio analítico de corte transversal. Se utilizó la técnica de modelos multiniveles trabajando con datos de distintas jerarquías. Se utilizaron fuentes de datos secundarios: Encuesta Nacional de Factores de Riesgo 2005, 2009 y 2013. Resultados. En el análisis individual de las variables explicativas, se obtuvo que los pobladores de las provincias que no tienen legislación tuvieron un 40% más de probabilidad de no pensar en dejar de fumar que las personas que viven en provincias con legislación. En las provincias sin legislación, el sexo masculino y la edad mayor de 65 años son las características que aumentan las chances de las personas a no pensar en dejar de fumar, en comparación con las provincias que tiene legislación. Conclusiones. Los resultados sugieren que una legislación basada en el artículo 8 del Convenio Marco resultaría efectiva para estimular la cesación tabáquica en Argentina.

El emprendimiento es una prioridad para los gobiernos en todo el mundo y numerosos estudios han señalado la importancia de la gobernanza para promover la creación de empresas. En este trabajo utilizamos una modelización multinivel sobre una muestra de 206 países, para el período 2004-2014, para probar empíricamente tres hipótesis. En primer lugar, verificamos si la creación de nuevas empresas está parcialmente determinada por las regiones supranacionales donde se encuentran los países. En segundo lugar, estimamos el impacto inmediato de la gobernanza en las tasas de creación de empresas y, en tercer lugar, se consideró el efecto retardado de la gobernanza. Nuestros resultados mostraron que los países ubicados en la misma región supranacional son más homogéneos en términos de emprendimiento que los países ubicados en una región diferente.

We introduced a multilevel model of value shift to describe the changing social context of wildlife conservation. Our model depicts how cultural‐level processes driven by modernization (e.g., increased wealth, education, and urbanization) affect changes in individual‐level cognition that prompt a shift from domination to mutualism wildlife values. Domination values promote beliefs that wildlife should be used primarily to benefit humans, whereas mutualism values adopt a view that wildlife are part of one's social network and worthy of care and compassion. Such shifts create emergent effects (e.g., new interest groups) and challenges to wildlife management organizations (e.g., increased conflict) and dramatically alter the sociopolitical context of conservation decisions. Although this model is likely applicable to many modernized countries, we tested it with data from a 2017–2018 nationwide survey (mail and email panel) of 43,949 residents in the United States. We conducted hierarchical linear modeling and correlational analysis to examine relationships. Modernization variables had strong state‐level effects on domination and mutualism. Higher levels of education, income, and urbanization were associated with higher percentages of mutualists and lower percentages of traditionalists, who have strong domination values. Values affected attitudes toward wildlife management challenges; for example, states with higher proportions of mutualists were less supportive of lethal control of wolves (Canis lupus) and had lower percentages of active hunters, who represent the traditional clientele of state wildlife agencies in the United States. We contend that agencies will need to embrace new strategies to engage and represent a growing segment of the public with mutualism values. Our model merits testing for application in other countries. Article impact statement: Application of a multilevel model of social change reveals implications of a shift in public values for wildlife conservation in the United States. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Considerable work-family research has investigated the gendered division of work and care. Gender differences in leisure time have received much less attention from work-family scholars, despite the potential importance of such inequalities for women's quality of life. Combining key insights from the substantial gendered leisure studies literature with work-family scholarship, the current study examines cross-national variation in gender differences in leisure quality. Using data on 23 countries from the 2007 International Social Survey Program, we expected that women's leisure quality would be lower than men's, but the gender gap would be smaller in countries with more gender egalitarian attitudes and divisions of care (via de-familialisation and paternity leave) and where women have more bargaining power. Our results show that these country characteristics moderate the association between gender and the extent to which free time is used to relax and recover. In countries with conservative gender norms, low levels of childcare coverage, limited paternity leave and lower political power for women, women's leisure quality is lower than men's. In more egalitarian countries, the gender gap in leisure quality is lower and in some cases, reversed. These results are in line with findings from cross-national research on the gendered division of labor and offer an important contribution to understanding gender differences in leisure quality across countries. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Cadernos de Saude Publica is the property of Escola Nacional de Saude Publica Sergio Arouca and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Introduction: Self-rated health is strongly associated with morbidity and mortality. It is largely influenced by individual factors but also by the social surroundings and the environment in which individuals live. Objective: To investigate individual, household and locality factors associated with self-rated health in Colombian adults. Materials and methods: We carried out a cross-sectional multilevel study using data from national databases on 19 urban localities and data on 37.352 individuals nested within 15.788 households from a population-based survey. Given the natural hierarchical structure of the data, the estimates of poor selfrated health in relation to individual, household and localities characteristics were obtained by fitting a three-level logistic regression. Results: The adjusted multilevel logistic models showed that at individual level, higher odds of poor self-rated health were found among older adults, those from low socio-economic status, living without a partner, physically non-regular active and reporting morbidities. At the household-level, poor self-rated health was associated with households of low socioeconomic status, close to noise and factories, located in polluted and insecure areas. At the locality-level, only poverty was associated with poor self-rated health after adjustment for individual and household variables. Conclusions: These results highlight the need of a more integrated framework when designing and implementing strategies and programs that aim to improve health conditions in urban populations in Latin America. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Biomédica: Revista del Instituto Nacional de Salud is the property of Instituto Nacional de Salud of Colombia and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Cadernos de Saude Publica is the property of Escola Nacional de Saude Publica Sergio Arouca and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

The purpose of this research was to empirically test the hypothesis that the organizational psychological safety climate and the perception of organizational politics predict the extent to which employees feel engaged in their work. Using hierarchical linear modeling and data collected from 1,244 employees in 64 organizations, organizational level psychological safety climate and employee-level perception of organizational politics predicted employee work engagement. There was also an unexpected significant cross-level interaction, so that the negative effect of the perception of organizational politics was amplified in organizations with a positive psychological safety climate. In other words, organizational psychological safety benefits the work engagement of individuals more when they perceive the existence of low organizational politics. The results offer insight into the mechanisms by which the perceived organizational context may influence employees? work engagement and highlight the importance for the perceived organizational consistency in the promotion of work engagement within their organization. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Research on teacher motivation is increasing substantially. Several studies have demonstrated the relationship between the motivation and teaching behaviour of teachers. The objective of this study was to investigate the relationship between the perceived motivation of teachers and their actual teaching behaviour in the context of secondary education. A survey on teacher motivation yielded responses from 315 teachers from 28 schools across 13 provinces in Indonesia. These teachers were observed in their classrooms by trained observers using a validated observation scheme. Results of a multilevel analysis indicate that: (1) perceived controlled motivation does not predict actual teaching behaviour; (2) perceived autonomous motivation is a positive predictor of at least some domains of actual teaching behaviour. Higher levels of perceived autonomous motivation are associated with higher scores on classroom management and clarity of instruction. There is also a slight tendency (p <.10) for autonomous motivation to explain differences in other domains of teaching behaviour, with the exception of activating teaching. This study highlights the importance of autonomous motivation in relation to teaching quality. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Cadernos de Saude Publica is the property of Escola Nacional de Saude Publica Sergio Arouca and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Cadernos de Saude Publica is the property of Escola Nacional de Saude Publica Sergio Arouca and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of EMPIRIA: Revista de Metodología de Ciencias Sociales is the property of Editorial UNED and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Introduction: a public health services network in Cali, Colombia, implemented the Family Health Strategy (FHS) for 1000 low-income families. The objective of this study was to identify the effects of individual and contextual variables as determinants in consultations made for children under six years of age, for Acute Diarrheal Disease (ADD), Acute Respiratory Infection (ARI), and dental cavities. Methods: the household environment was the unit of analysis and the mother was the information source. A multivariate multilevel linear regression analysis was performed to assess how contextual and individual variables determine medical care. The response variable was the number of consultations provided to children by the public health network. The effects of fixed and random variables were estimated to assess the variation in the number of consultations across census tracts. Results: in the first-level explained variance, age contributed a 6.3% in ADD consultations, and the child’s sex contributed 5.3%, while having a pet at home contributed 9% in the second-level explained variance. In ARI consultations, the parents’ educational level contributed 3.5%, the materials used for home roofs contributed 20.7% and the population type 33%, for a total contribution of 57.2%. The child’s age explained 9.4% in dental cavity consultations, while overcrowding and tobacco use at home accounted for 53% of variability at the second level. Conclusions: the social and environmental determinants of each household accounted for over 50% of the variability in medical consultations provided to children under the age of six.

Objetivo: Determinar qué factores de los contextos socioeconómico y sanitario influyen sobre la percepción de la satisfacción de la población con los servicios de salud. Método: Los datos provienen de la Encuesta Europea de Salud de 2009. En los 22.188 sujetos encuestados se estudió la relación entre percepción de la satisfacción con los servicios sanitarios recibidos y las variables tanto individuales como contextuales, aplicando un análisis multinivel. Resultados: Los factores de los contextos socioeconómico y sanitario que influyen sobre la satisfacción son las mayores tasas de población sin estudios, en la cual la percepción de excelencia es menos probable (odds ratio [OR]: 0,48-0,82) y la insatisfacción es más prevalente (OR: 1,46-1,63). Asimismo, la proporción de personas insatisfechas es menor cuando el gasto per cápita en servicios sanitarios es muy elevado (>1400 €) (OR: 0,49-0,87) y la ratio entre médicos de atención primaria de salud y habitantes es alta (>60) (OR: 0,50-0,85). Además, la prevalencia de insatisfacción describe una tendencia lineal positiva con la tasa de paro (OR: 1,12; p = 0,0001) y la magnitud relativa del sector servicios (OR:1,03; p = 0,001). Por el contrario, esta tendencia lineal es negativa conforme aumenta el índice de cobertura de la prestación sanitaria (OR: 0,88; p = 0,04). Conclusiones: Los factores individuales que determinan la satisfacción del paciente son el sexo, la edad, la salud mental y el país de nacimiento. Además, hay diferencias en la satisfacción del paciente entre las comunidades autónomas de acuerdo con determinantes socioeconómicos, como el producto interior bruto per cápita, las tasas de población sin estudios, las tasas de paro o la ratio número de habitantes/consultorios. Los estudios de satisfacción del usuario, además de ajustarse por variables individuales como el sexo, la edad o el nivel de salud, también deberían tomar en consideración características del entorno socioeconómico del área geográfica de residencia.

Actualmente, uno de los problemas de salud pública que enfrenta el Perú es la alta prevalencia de la desnutrición crónica infantil; el cual afecta el desarrollo psicomotriz y emocional del niño, limitándolo al acceso de oportunidades, equidad y al desarrollo socioeconómico; la tasa promedio nacional de desnutrición crónica al 2014 alcanzó el 14.6 %. El estudio pretende “Determinar los factores que influyen en la desnutrición crónica infantil en niños menores de cinco años para el Perú en el 2014”. El estudio es de tipo no experimental y de corte transversal; para el cual se aplica la metodología del probit ordenado. Resultado del análisis correlacional, estimación del modelo econométrico y obtención de efectos marginales se concluye que las variables que más determinan la desnutrición crónica infantil son: el tipo material de piso de vivienda en -7.68 %, acceso a red de desagüe dentro de la vivienda en -5.35 %, el grado de instrucción de la madre en -8.33 % y el tipo de residencia ubicado en el sector rural en +5.97 %, resultados que son respaldado por resultados encontrados por otros autores. Por lo tanto, el modelo evidencia que niños de hogares con acceso a servicios sanitarios, mejores condiciones de salubridad y mayor nivel de educación de la madre tienen menor probabilidad de estar desnutrido.

Objetivo: Analizar la eficiencia técnica y la productividad de los hospitales generales del Sistema Nacional de Salud (SNS) español (2010-2012) e identificar variables hospitalarias y regionales explicativas. Métodos: Se estudian 230 hospitales del SNS mediante análisis envolvente de datos midiendo la eficiencia técnica global, pura, de escala, y el índice de Malmquist. La robustez del análisis se evalúa con modelos input-output alternativos. Se emplean modelos multinivel lineales transversales de efectos fijos para analizar las variables explicativas de eficiencia. Resultados: El índice medio de eficiencia técnica global (ETG) es de 0,736 en 2012, con una importante variabilidad por comunidades autónomas. El índice de Malmquist (2010-2012) es de 1,013. Un 23% de la variabilidad en ETG es atribuible a la comunidad autónoma. Las variables exógenas estadísticamente significativas (residentes por cada 100 facultativos, índice de envejecimiento, renta media anual por hogar, gasto en servicios públicos fundamentales y gasto público sanitario per cápita) explican el 42% de la variabilidad de ETG entre hospitales y el 64% entre comunidades autónomas. El número de residentes es estadísticamente significativo. En todas las comunidades autónomas existe una relación lineal directa significativa entre la ETG y la renta anual per cápita y el gasto en servicios públicos fundamentales, e indirecta con el índice de envejecimiento y el gasto público sanitario per cápita. Discusión: El importante margen de mejora en eficiencia de los hospitales está condicionado por características específicas de cada comunidad autónoma, particularmente el envejecimiento, la riqueza y las políticas de gasto público de cada una.

Este estudio se centró en los valores de socialización de los padres, es decir los valores que los padres quieren que sus hijos adopten, y sus fuentes. En una muestra de 325 familias italianas con un hijo adolescente (14-18 años), se compararon los valores de socialización entre los padres y las madres, y se evaluaron los valores personales de los padres y el clima de valores familiares como antecedentes de los valores que los padres quisieran que sus hijos adquirieran. Para cada familia se tuvieron en cuenta a ambos padres y al adolescente, y se les pidió que completaran individualmente el Portrait Values Questionnaire. Los resultados de la Anova han revelado una diferencia significativa entre los valores de socialización de los padres y los de las madres: los padres consideran más importantes que las madres los valores de apertura al cambio y los del autocrecimiento en la educación de sus hijos. Utilizando un análisis multinivel, al incluirse tanto padres como madres dentro del contexto familiar, hemos encontrado relaciones significativas entre todos los valores personales de los padres y sus valores de socialización, por un lado, y entre el clima de valores familiares y algunos de los valores de socialización de los padres, por el otro. Contrariamente, la interacción entre los valores personales de los padres y el clima de valores familiares no contribuye en predecir los valores que los padres quieren que sus hijos adopten. Se discuten las implicaciones de esta investigación y sus posibles desarrollos