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Abstract Ideal root system architecture (RSA) is important for efficient nutrient uptake and high yield in crops. We cloned and characterized a key RSA regulatory gene, GRAVITROPISM LOSS 1 (OsGLS1), in rice (Oryza sativa L.). The gls1 mutant displays an increased root growth angle, longer primary roots, more adventitious roots and greater nutrient uptake efficiency and grain yield in paddy fields. OsGLS1 is strongly expressed in the root tips of seedlings and in leaves at the flowering stage. OsGLS1 encodes a RING finger E3 ubiquitin ligase mainly localizing at the basal plasma membrane (PM) in several root cell types when phosphorylated on its Ser-30 residue. OsGLS1 interacts with, ubiquitinates and promotes the degradation of basally localized PIN-FORMED 2 (OsPIN2) via the 26S proteasome, thus establishing the typical apical PM localization of OsPIN2 and polar auxin transport, ultimately shaping RSA. This previously unidentified OsGLS1-OsPIN2 regulatory pathway will contribute to an optimal RSA for enhancing nutrient efficiency in rice and other crops.

Abstract For rough surfaces, stable, fast, and repeatable fixation has wide applicability in transportation, fire protection, and other fields. Different rough surfaces present technical challenges for achieving convenient and reliable fixation. Based on the highly adhesive attachment structures of typical organisms, a multi‐mechanism (negative pressure adsorption, mechanical locking, and chemical bonding) cooperative bionic fixation device is proposed. The device is equipped with a suction disc with gradient guide channels, a microneedles friction‐enhancing unit, and fast‐curable UV glue. These components work together to complete the fixation. The detachment work (max. 5.7 and 5.5 J) and pull‐off force (max. 377 and 175 N) are evaluated on sandpaper of different roughness under vertical and horizontal pulling respectively. By analyzing the detachment process and experimental curves, the cooperative principle of the multi‐mechanism is identified. In addition, the microneedles with soft backing at the bionic fixation device bottom improve its adaptability to rough surfaces. The gradient guide channels of the suction disc create Laplace pressure to speed up the UV glue flow and shorten fixation time. Furthermore, its applicability is demonstrated by combining it with monitoring equipment and an adult to attach to rough surfaces.

Abstract Diabetic Kidney Disease (DKD), a major precursor to end‐stage renal disease, involves mitochondrial dysfunction in proximal renal tubular cells (PTCs), contributing to its pathogenesis. Estrogen‐related receptor α (ERRα) is essential for mitochondrial integrity in PTCs, yet its regulation in DKD is poorly understood. This study investigates ERRα expression and its regulatory mechanisms in DKD, assessing its therapeutic potential. Using genetic, biochemical, and cellular approaches, ERRα expression Was examined in human DKD specimens and DKD mouse models. We identified the E3 ubiquitin ligase retinoblastoma binding protein 6 (RBBP6) as a regulator of ERRα, promoting its degradation through K48‐linked polyubiquitination at the K100 residue. This degradation pathway significantly contributed to mitochondrial injury in PTCs of DKD models. Notably, conditional ERRα overexpression or RBBP6 inhibition markedly reduced mitochondrial damage in diabetic mice, highlighting ERRα’s protective role in maintaining mitochondrial integrity. The interaction between RBBP6 and ERRα opens new therapeutic avenues, suggesting that modulating RBBP6‐ERRα interactions could be a strategy for preserving mitochondrial function and slowing DKD progression.

High-entropy ceramic materials usually refer to the multi-principal solid solution formed by 5 or more ceramic components. Due to its novel “high-entropy effect” and excellent performance, it has become one of the research hotspots in the field of ceramics in recent years. As the research system of high-entropy ceramics has gradually expanded from the initial rock salt oxides (Mg-Ni-Co-Cu-Zn)O to fluorite oxides, perovskite oxides, spinel oxides, borides, carbides and silicates, its special mechanical, electrical, magnetic and energy storage properties have been continuously discovered. Based on the basic principle of high-entropy materials, this paper mainly introduces the prominent perovskite-type oxide high-entropy ceramics in recent years from the perspective of ceramic structure and properties, and predicts the development trend of high-entropy perovskite-type ceramics in the next few years.

The ‘Jingbaili’ pear is a national geographical indication product of China, featuring an oblate shape and being rich in nutrients. But the quality of the ‘Jingbaili’ pear is unstable. Xenia can cause changes in the quality of pears, but the effect of xenia on the ‘Jingbaili’ pear is unknown, and its mechanism is still unclear. In order to clarify the effect of pollination on the fruit quality of the ’Jingbaili’ pear, this research pollinated ‘Jingbaili’ pear flowers with the pollen of ‘Yali’ (JY), ‘Suli’ (JS) and ‘Huangli’ (JH). The results indicated that the mass, transverse diameter and longitudinal diameter of the JY group were significantly higher than the JS group and JH group. On the other hand, the pears of the JY group and JS group obtained higher soluble sugar content. The aroma content of characteristic compounds was higher in the JY group than in the JS group and JH group. Multivariate analysis revealed significant differences in the nonvolatile metabolites among the JY group, JS group and JH group, potentially explaining the variations in the nutritional and flavor compounds of the pears. Furthermore, this research investigated metabolic changes in the pears during development and ripening under the three types of pollination. The results showed that amino acid metabolism differed among these pollination types during development. These differences may be the cause of the observed variations in the pears. This research clarified the effect of xenia on the nutritional components and flavor substances in the ‘Jingbaili’ pear and could provide data support for improving the quality of the ‘Jingbaili’ pear.

IntroductionLiquid-solvent direct air capture (DAC) is a prominent approach for carbon dioxide removal but knowing where to site these systems is challenging because it requires considering a multitude of interrelated geospatial factors. Two of the most pressing factors are: (1) how should DAC be powered to provide the greatest net removal of CO2 and (2) how does weather impact its performance?.MethodsTo investigate these questions, this study develops a process-level model of a liquid-solvent DAC system and couples it to a 20-year dataset of temperature and humidity conditions at a ~9km resolution across the contiguous US.Results and discussionWe find that the amount of CO2 sequestered could be 30% to 50% greater than the amount of CO2 removed from the atmosphere if natural gas is burned on site to power DAC, but that the optimal way to power DAC is independent of capture rate (i.e., weather), depending solely on the upstream GHG intensity of electricity and natural gas. Regardless of how it is powered, air temperature and humidity conditions can change the performance of DAC by up to ~3x and can also vary substantially across weather years. Across the continuous US, we find that southern states (e.g., Gulf Coast) are preferrable locations for a variety of reasons, including higher and less variable air temperature and relative humidity. Lastly, we also find the performance of liquid-solvent DAC calculated with monthly means is within 2% of the estimated performance calculated with hourly data for more than a third of the country, including in the states with weather most favorable for liquid-solvent DAC.

The supporting stiffness analysis of the eight-cable 6-DOF cable-driven parallel robot is conducted, and the force/position hybrid control is carried out on this basis. Firstly, the cable-driven parallel robot is described systematically. Secondly, a kinematic analysis is conducted according to the principle of vector closure. The force of the mobile platform is analysed, and the static equilibrium equation is derived by Newtonian mechanics. After that, the relationship between the load change and the position change is described by the stiffness matrix in the operational space, the analytical expression of the supporting stiffness is deduced, and the influencing factors of supporting stiffness are analysed. Moreover, the factors of system stiffness, mobile platform posture accuracy and force control stability are considered, integrating the force/position hybrid controller. The simulation results show that the position error of the mobile platform is effectively reduced by the force/position hybrid control strategy, which is designed based on the stiffness analysis. Finally, the accuracy and effectiveness of the stiffness model and the force/position hybrid control strategy are verified by experiments.

Defect inspection of existing buildings is receiving increasing attention for digitalization transfer in the construction industry. The development of drone technology and artificial intelligence has provided powerful tools for defect inspection of buildings. However, integrating defect inspection information detected from UAV images into semantically rich building information modeling (BIM) is still challenging work due to the low defect detection accuracy and the coordinate difference between UAV images and BIM models. In this paper, a deep learning-based method coupled with transfer learning is used to detect defects accurately; and a texture mapping-based defect parameter extraction method is proposed to achieve the mapping from the image U-V coordinate system to the BIM project coordinate system. The defects are projected onto the surface of the BIM model to enrich a surface defect-extended BIM (SDE-BIM). The proposed method was validated in a defect information modeling experiment involving the No. 36 teaching building of Nantong University. The results demonstrate that the methods are widely applicable to various building inspection tasks.