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Rotational energy transfer of optically centrifuged CO is investigated with high-resolution transient IR absorption probing and master equation modeling. Observed rates are smaller than simulated rates, highlighting the role of angular momentum in collisional relaxation.

This contribution discusses Asha Bhandary’s book Freedom to Care: Liberalism, Dependency Care and Justice and engages with some key concepts used by three commentators Daniel Engster, Kelly Gawel, ...

Summary We introduce techniques for probing the dynamics of triplet states. We employ these tools, along with conventional techniques, to develop a detailed understanding of a complex chemical system: a negative-tone, radical photoresist for multiphoton absorption polymerization in which isopropylthioxanthone (ITX) is the photoinitiator. This work reveals that the same color of light used for the 2-photon excitation of ITX, leading to population of the triplet manifold through intersystem crossing, also depletes this triplet population via linear absorption followed by reverse intersystem crossing (RISC). Using spectroscopic tools and kinetic modeling, we identify the reactive triplet state and a non-reactive reservoir triplet state. We present compelling evidence that the deactivation channel involves RISC from an excited triplet state to a highly vibrationally excited level of the electronic ground state. The work described here offers the enticing possibility of understanding, and ultimately controlling, the photochemistry and photophysics of a broad range of triplet processes., Graphical abstract, Highlights • Development of triplet-state dynamics probes to complement existing techniques • A detailed, mechanistic understanding of the photophysics of isopropylthioxanthone • Demonstration of self-deactivation during multiphoton excitation • Higher apparent nonlinearities can be detrimental to resolution, Chemistry; Theoretical photophysics; Nonlinear optics

Hope has been neglected as a topic by philosophers interested in families, children, and children's autonomy. Hope may be confused with adjacent phenomena, such as optimism and wishful thinking. Ho...

State-resolved distributions and collision dynamics of optically centrifuged CO molecules with orientated angular momentum are investigated by probing the CO J = 29–80 rotational levels using high-resolution transient IR absorption spectroscopy. An optical centrifuge with tunable bandwidth is used to control the extent of rotational excitation in the sample. The rotational distributions are inverted with a maximum population in J = 62. Rotational levels with J > 62 have populations that correlate with the intensity profile of the optical trap. The full bandwidth trap excites CO up to the J = 80 level, while J = 67 is the highest level observed in the reduced bandwidth trap. Polarization-sensitive transient spectroscopy shows that the initial orientational anisotropy is r = 0.8 for levels with J ≥ 55, while anisotropy values are near r = 0.4 for levels with J 50 is broadened slightly by collisions, consistent with small |ΔJ| propensity rules for rotational energy transfer. Doppler-broadened line profiles show that the J = 60–80 levels have translational temperatures near Ttrans = 300 K and that these temperatures remain constant for as much as 24 gas kinetic collisions. Doppler linewidths for levels with J < 60 are broadened by non-resonant rotation-to-translation energy transfer. Kinetic analysis of transient signals shows that collisions with thermal bath molecules are the predominant relaxation pathway.

Collision relaxation of optically centrifuged CO (J = 29−80) was modeled using master equation analysis and numerical solution. State-to-state rate constants were determined with an energy gap model and compared to transient state-resolved absorption data.

The effect of CO rotational energy on bimolecular reactions to form electronically excited C2 is reported here. The reactions are initiated by CO multiphoton absorption of 800 nm light in strong optical fields using two different polarization configurations based on shaped chirped pulses. The observation of Swan band emission indicates that C2(d3Πg) is a reaction product. The optical polarization is in the form of either an optical centrifuge or a dynamic polarization grating. In each case, the strong field aligns CO molecules and induces multiphoton absorption. Power-dependent measurements indicate at least seven photons are absorbed by CO; CO(a3Π) is a likely reactant candidate based on kinetic modeling. Relative reaction efficiencies are determined by measuring Swan band emission intensities. For a CO pressure of 100 Torr and an optical intensity of I = 2.0 × 1013 W cm−2, the relative C2(d3Πg) yield with the dynamic polarization grating is twice that with the optical centrifuge. The extent of CO rotational energy was determined for both optical polarizations using high-resolution transient IR absorption for a number of CO states with J = 62–73 and Erot up to 10 400 cm−1. Optical centrifuge excitation generates at least 2.5 times more rotationally excited CO molecules per quantum state than the dynamic polarization grating. The results indicate that the effect of large amounts of CO rotational energy is to reduce the yield of the C2 products.

The effect of CO rotational energy on bimolecular reactions to form electronically excited C2 is reported here. The reactions are initiated by CO multiphoton absorption of 800 nm light in strong optical fields using two different polarization configurations based on shaped chirped pulses. The observation of Swan band emission indicates that C2(d3Πg) is a reaction product. The optical polarization is in the form of either an optical centrifuge or a dynamic polarization grating. In each case, the strong field aligns CO molecules and induces multiphoton absorption. Power-dependent measurements indicate at least seven photons are absorbed by CO; CO(a3Π) is a likely reactant candidate based on kinetic modeling. Relative reaction efficiencies are determined by measuring Swan band emission intensities. For a CO pressure of 100 Torr and an optical intensity of I = 2.0 × 1013 W cm-2, the relative C2(d3Πg) yield with the dynamic polarization grating is twice that with the optical centrifuge. The extent of CO rotational energy was determined for both optical polarizations using high-resolution transient IR absorption for a number of CO states with J = 62-73 and Erot up to 10 400 cm-1. Optical centrifuge excitation generates at least 2.5 times more rotationally excited CO molecules per quantum state than the dynamic polarization grating. The results indicate that the effect of large amounts of CO rotational energy is to reduce the yield of the C2 products.

I argue that under the right conditions young dependent children owe their parents gratitude for the care they receive from them and further that parents have an obligation to motivate their children to be grateful in appropriate circumstances. Gratitude is appropriate even though parents have a duty to care for their children but it is only warranted when parents act both benevolently and with respect for their children’s partial autonomy. Moreover, gratitude is uncalled for until children can recognize (typically between ages seven and ten) that they have received a benefit provided benevolently and respectfully. Gratitude is not appropriate if a benefit was provided in a context of abuse or if the beneficiary has reason for moral disapproval of the provision of the benefit. I distinguish gratitude from indebtedness and discuss important benefits associated with gratitude between parents and children for both parties.

We report state-resolved collision dynamics for CO molecules prepared in an optical centrifuge and measured with high-resolution transient IR absorption spectroscopy. Time-resolved polarization-sensitive measurements of excited CO molecules in the J=29 rotational state reveal that the oriented angular momentum of CO rotors is relaxed by impulsive collisions. The translational energy gains for molecules in the initial plane of rotation are threefold larger than for randomized angular momentum orientations, indicating the presence of anisotropic kinetic energy. The transient data show enhanced population for CO molecules in the initial plane of rotation immediately following the optical centrifuge pulse. A comparison with previous CO2 super rotor studies illustrates the behavior of molecular gyroscopes; spatial reorientation of CO2 J=76 rotors takes substantially longer than that for CO J=29 rotors, despite similarities in classical rotational period and rotational energy gap. High-resolution transient IR absorption measurements of the CO J=29-39 rotational states show that the collisional depopulation rates increase with J quantum number.

High-resolution transient IR absorption spectroscopy was used to measure (0001− 0000) R-branch transition frequencies for N2O molecules in extreme rotational states, with quantum number up to J = 205 and energies as high as Erot=17,000 cm−1. A population inversion of rotationally excited N2O states was prepared with an optical centrifuge and probed in a multi-pass IR cell using a quantum cascade laser. The optical centrifuge is based on 800-nm ultrafast, chirped laser pulses that optically trap molecules and accelerate them angularly to extreme rotational states. This work substantially increases the range of observed transitions for this band beyond the J = 100 transitions previously reported and provides benchmark measurements for theoretical predictions based on an effective Hamiltonian using a polyad model. Transient Doppler-broadened IR line profiles of N2O show that optical excitation of the sample is selectively partitioned into rotation, prior to Doppler broadening from rotation-to-translation collisional energy transfer. These results demonstrate how high-J transitions can be measured without thermal heating by coupling optical centrifuge excitation with high-resolution transient IR absorption probing.

A three-color lithographic (3CL) scheme has been developed to achieve high resolution through the use of visible and near IR wavelengths. The intrinsic kinetic properties of 3CL materials are used to optimize the efficiency of deactivation, a crucial step in overcoming background buildup in multipatterning using this technique. To study materials of interest for 3CL, we have developed an in situ technique to monitor exposure and deactivation. A two-beam interference pattern is polymerized on a photoresist and the diffraction of a continuous-wave probe laser is measured in order to identify the polymerization and deactivation thresholds. Here we present preliminary results on the time dependence of the deactivation efficiency of 3CL materials and in situ detection of polymerization thresholds. This is a study of the kinetics for polymerization of 3CL materials to optimize the 3CL scheme to achieve the highest resolution and elucidate its mechanism.

Multicolor photolithography using visible light holds the promise of achieving wafer-scale patterning at pitches on the 10 nm scale. Although substantial progress has been made on multicolor techniques, a number of challenges remain to be met before the ultimate resolution of these methods can be reached. These challenges include the development of improved materials, creation of high-quality thin films, transitioning to exposure schemes that rely completely on linear absorption, scaling up to large-area patterning, and developing methods for effective pattern transfer. This paper discusses the state of the art in multicolor photolithography, presents some of the most recent advances in this field, and examines the prospects moving forward.

Three-color lithography (3CL) can produce high-resolution features using visible light. This technique uses one beam to pre-activate a photoresist, a second beam to deactivate it, and a third beam to activate the pre-activated regions that have not been deactivated. The deactivation beam is used to trim features, allowing for improved feature size and resolution. Although this 3CL was pioneered with 2-photon excitation, the ultimate goal is to use thin films with linear excitation, such that it is compatible with industrial requirements. We will discuss the first thin-film 3CL studies, which are a promising step towards large-area patterning.

The collision dynamics of optically centrifuged CO

An optical centrifuge pulse drives carbon dioxide molecules into ultrahigh rotational states with rotational frequencies of ω ≈ 32 THz based on the centrifuge frequency at the full width at half-maximum of the spectral chirp. High-resolution transient IR absorption spectroscopy is used to measure the time-evolution of translational and rotational energy for a number of states in the range of J = 0-100 at a sample pressure of 5-10 Torr. Transient Doppler profiles show that the products of super rotor collisions contain substantial amounts of translational energy, with J-dependent energies correlating to a range of ΔJ propensities. The transient population in J = 100 is short-lived, indicating rapid relaxation of high J states; populations in J = 36, 54, and 76 increase overall as the super rotor energy is redistributed. Transient line profiles for J = 0 and 36 are consistently narrower than the initial ambient sample temperature, showing that collision cross sections for super rotors increase with decreasing collision energy. Quantum scattering calculations on Ar-CO2(j) collisions are used to interpret the qualitative features of the experimental results. The results of this study provide the groundwork for developing a more complete understanding of super rotor dynamics.

An optical centrifuge is used to generate an ensemble of CO

This paper addresses the issue of paternalism in child-rearing. Since the parent–child relationship seems to be the linguistic source of the concept, one may be tempted to assume that raising a child represents a particularly appropriate sphere for paternalism. The parent–child relationship is generally understood as a relationship that is supposed to promote the development and autonomy-formation of the child, so that the apparent source of the concept is a form of autonomy-oriented paternalism. Far from taking paternalism to be overtly unproblematic in such paradigmatic, pedagogical settings, this article analyzes how an effort should be made to understand a child’s capacities and which standards parents should be held to when deciding whether interference truly serves the child’s interests.

We demonstrate long-lived rotational orientation of CO2 molecules originally prepared in an optical centrifuge. The optical centrifuge traps molecules in a strong optical field and spins them to high rotational states by angular acceleration of the optical field. In the case of CO2, the optical centrifuge creates ultra-high rotational states with J ≥ 220. Polarisation-dependent, high-resolution transient infrared (IR) absorption was used to measure the spatial orientation of CO2 molecules in the (0000, J = 76) state following the optical centrifuge pulse and subsequent collisional energy transfer. Transient Doppler-broadened line profiles show that CO2 molecules in J = 76 probed with an IR transition dipole parallel to the initial plane of rotation are more plentiful and have higher translational temperatures than molecules with an IR transition dipole perpendicular to this plane. Time-dependent data show that the initial angular momentum orientation persists even after thousands of collisions, indicating...

Experimental studies have been performed to investigate the collisional energy transfer processes of gas-phase molecules that contain large amounts of internal energy. Such molecules are prototypes for molecules under high temperature conditions relevant in combustion and information about their energy transfer mechanisms is needed for a detailed understanding and modeling of the chemistry. We use high resolution transient IR absorption spectroscopy to measure the full, nascent product distributions for collisions of small bath molecules that relax highly vibrationally excited pyrazine molecules with E=38000 cm-1 of vibrational energy. To perform these studies, we developed new instrumentation based on modern IR light sources to expand our experimental capabilities to investigate new molecules as collision partners. This final report describes our research in four areas: the characterization of a new transient absorption spectrometer and the results of state-resolved collision studies of pyrazine(E) with HCl, methane and ammonia. Through this research we have gained fundamental new insights into the microscopic details of relatively large complex molecules at high energy as they undergo quenching collisions and redistribute their energy.

SYNOPSIS This article develops an account of the emotional dimension of minimally decent parenting, with reference to the capability approach to thinking about need. It outlines social interests at stake in ensuring children's healthy emotional development, and evaluates public policy implications of its account of children's emotional needs. Proposals to license parents are rejected in favor of increased public education around the needs of children and the demands of parenting, increased public recognition of the need for social supports for parenting, and more diffused social responsibility for detecting problematic parenting.

I argue that it is appropriate for adult recipients of personal care to feel and express gratitude whenever care providers are inspired partly by benevolence, and deliver a real benefit in a manner that conveys respect for the recipient. My focus on gratitude is consistent with important aspects of feminist ethics of care, including its attention to the particularities and vulnerabilities of caregivers and care recipients, and its concern with how relations of care are shaped by social hierarchies and public institutions. In addition, it goes beyond the current preoccupations of care ethicists both by introducing gratitude as an important aspect of morally valuable relations of care and by stressing the significance of attending not only to the needs but also the capacities of recipients of care.

I characterize the main approaches to the moral consideration of children developed in the light of the argument from 'marginal' cases, and develop a more adequate strategy that provides guidance about the moral responsibilities adults have towards children. The first approach discounts the significance of children's potential and makes obligations to all children indirect, dependent upon interests others may have in children being treated well. The next approaches agree that the potential of children is morally considerable, but disagree as to whether and why children with intellectual disabilities are morally considerable. These approaches explore the moral significance of intellectual capacities, species membership, the capacity for welfare, and the interests of others. I argue that relationships characterized by reciprocity of care are morally valuable, that both the potential to be in such relationships and the actuality of being in them are morally valuable, and that many children with significant intellectual disabilities have this potential.

The collision dynamics of optically centrifuged CO2 with Ar and He are reported here. The optical centrifuge produces an ensemble of CO2 molecules in high rotational states (with J ∼ 220) with oriented angular momentum. Polarization-dependent high-resolution transient IR absorption spectroscopy was used to measure the relaxation dynamics in the presence of Ar or He by probing the CO2 J = 76 and 100 states with Erot=2306 and 3979 cm−1, respectively. The data show that He relaxes the CO2 super rotors more quickly than Ar. Doppler-broadened line profiles show that He collisions induce substantially larger rotation-to-translation energy transfer. CO2 super rotors have greater orientational anisotropy with He collisions and the anisotropy from the He collisions persists longer than with Ar. Super rotor relaxation dynamics are discussed in terms of mass effects related to classical gyroscope physics and collisional rotational adiabaticity.

The existing literature on filial morality has an important gap. It explores responsibilities adult children have toward their elderly parents, and ignores questions about responsibilities of dependent children. Filling this gap involves specifying what competent and morally decent social parents can legitimately expect from children. I argue that it is appropriate to expect and encourage young dependent children to demonstrate cooperation, mutuality, and trust, along with gratitude and reciprocity of value.

State-resolved energy gain profiles for "strong" and "weak" collisions of pyrazine (E = 37900 cm(-1)) and CO(2) are reported. Nascent energy profiles for scattered CO(2) (00(0)0, J = 2-64) were measured using high-resolution transient IR absorption spectroscopy at lambda = 2.7 microm. The data are combined with earlier data for CO(2) (J = 58-80) to yield the full state-resolved distribution of scattered CO(2) (00(0)0). The scattered CO(2) (00(0)0, J = 2-80) molecules have a biexponential rotational distribution with T(lowJ) = 437 +/- 50 K for J50 and T(highJ) = 1145 +/- 110 K for J50. Fitting the data with a two-component exponential model yields CO(2) product distributions with T(rot) = 329 and 1241 K. The cooler distribution accounts for 78% of the scattered population and results from elastic or weakly inelastic collisions that induce very little rotational excitation in CO(2). The hotter distribution involves large changes in CO(2) rotational energy and accounts for 22% of collisions. The relative translational energy of the scattered molecules increases as a function of final CO(2) rotational state with T(rel) = 860 K for J = 2, 1650 K for J = 60, and 5500 K for J = 80. The total rate constant for appearance of scattered CO(2) (00(0)0) is k(app) = (4.8 +/- 1.4) x 10(-10) cm(3) molecule(-1) s(-1), which is approximately 85% of the Lennard-Jones collision rate. Population depletion measurements yield a collision rate of k(dep) = (5.7 +/- 1.8) x 10(-10) cm(3) molecule(-1) s(-1), which is in very good agreement with the Lennard-Jones collision rate. The full energy transfer probability distribution function P(DeltaE) for pyrazine(E)-CO(2) collisions is presented and compared to results from other studies.

Collision rates and energy transfer distributions are reported for HOD with highly vibrationally excited 2-methylpyridine (2-picoline, E = 38 310 cm(-1)) and 2,6-dimethylpyridine (2,6-lutidine, E = 38 700 cm(-1)). High resolution transient IR absorption is used measured to complete product state distributions of scattered HOD(000) molecules with E(rot) = 109 to 1331 cm(-1). Doppler-broadened line profiles characterize the depletion and appearance for HOD molecules due to collisions with hot donors and show that the product translational and rotational energy distributions are similar for both donors with DeltaE(rel) = 370 cm(-1) and DeltaE(rot) approximately 75 cm(-1). The energy transfer rate for picoline (E)/HOD is 2.5 times larger than the Lennard-Jones collision rate. The energy transfer rate for lutidine(E)/HOD is 3.2 times larger than the Lennard-Jones collision rate. Previous work ( Havey, Liu, Li, Elioff, and Mullin, J. Phys. Chem. A 2007, 111, 13321-9 ) reported similar energy transfer values for pyrazine/HOD collisions and an energy transfer rate that is 1.7 times the Lennard-Jones collision rate. The observed collision rates are discussed in terms of hydrogen bonding interactions between HOD and the aromatic donor molecules. Energy gain profiles for HOD are compared with those for H(2)O.

The outcome of energy transfer due to single collisions between highly vibrationally excited pyrazine (E = 37,900 cm(-1)) and DCl is measured for the appearance of individual low-J rotational states of DCl using high-resolution transient IR absorption. Appearance profiles from double-Gaussian transient lineshapes were measured for a number of DCl states with J = 2-12. These data give information on the recoil velocity distributions, appearance rates, and populations of individual states of the scattered molecules. These data complement previous studies on high-J state DCl scattering (Li, Z.; Korobkova, E.; Werner, K.; Shum, L.; Mullin, A. S. J. Chem. Phys. 2005, 123, 174306), and together, they provide a full description of the V-RT collisions with DCl that quench pyrazine(E). Scattered DCl (v = 0) molecules with J = 2-21 are rotationally hot with T(rot) = 880 +/- 100 K. Center-of-mass translational energy distributions are T(rel) approximately 700 K for J15. Broader velocity distributions are observed for the J = 15-20 states. The rate constant for V-RT energy transfer is 4.6 x 10(-10) cm(3) molecule(-1) s(-1). This value is a lower limit to the overall rate constant for energy transfer and corresponds to approximately 85% of the Lennard-Jones collision rate. We estimate scattering into the DCl (v = 1) state occurs in approximately 1% of collisions. The energy transfer probability distribution P(DeltaE) is presented and yields DeltaE = 888 cm(-1).

The relaxation of highly vibrationally excited pyridine-h5, pyridine-d5, and pyridine-f5 (E approximately 38,000 cm(-1)) through collisions with water was investigated by high resolution transient IR absorption spectroscopy to investigate how preferential hydrogen bonding interactions impacts the energy transfer dynamics. Nascent rotational and translational energy gain profiles for scattered H2O(000) molecules with E(rot)1000 cm(-1) are reported. H2O(000) molecules scattered from pyridine-h5 and pyridine-d5 have rotational distributions with T(rot) = 890 K. Less rotational energy is found in H2O(000) scattered from pyridine-f5 for which T(rot) = 530 K. The recoil energy distributions are similar for the three donors with T(rel) = 400-700 K. To explain the results, a torque-inducing mechanism is proposed that involves directed movement of water between sigma and pi-hydrogen bonding interactions with the pyridine donors. The experimental results are consistent with this mechanism, and with effects due to the state-density energy dependence of the highly excited donor molecules. Differences in vibrational mode frequencies of the hot donor molecules do not appear to explain the experimental results.

I develop a model of love or care between children and their parents guided by experiences of parents, especially mothers, with disabilities. On this model, a caring relationship requires both parties to be aware of each other as a particular (not interchangeable) person and it requires reciprocity. This does not mean that children need to be able to articulate their interests, or that they need to be self-reflectively aware of their parents’ interests or personhood. Instead, parents and children manifest their understanding of one another as unique, irreplaceable individuals, with identifiable needs and interests through their interactions with one another.

What is the moral imagination? I will first structuring representations in a new manner."5 explain broadly what I mean by "imagination," Some of these representations may be mental which is both a complex concept and a slippery images. In narrative works, many of them are. term, and then offer an account of moral imaginHowever, they can also be representations of ation. By the latter I intend to refer neither to emotions, propositions, and judgments. specifically moral uses of the imagination, nor In his recent essay "The Wheel of Virtue: to the role of imagination in moral reasoning, Art, Literature, and Moral Knowledge," Noel but instead to the imaginative exploration of Carroll suggests that one way works of art can emotions, propositions, and situations of moral be imaginative is by producing what we would significance. After giving an account of what I call, should they appear in philosophical texts, mean by the moral imagination, I will offer an thought experiments. Many thought experiaccount of whether and in what ways we might ments in philosophical texts are drawn from find the moral imagination ever to be morally narrative works, and narrative works are full of culpable. This will be followed by an examindetailed imaginings of particular characters, ation of the artistic significance of the moral events, and situations that cause us to put parimagination. ticular judgments, emotions, and thoughts into new patterns. Carroll argues that these imaginings can give us opportunities to engage in I. THE IMAGINATION detailed conceptual analysis, often by "imagining eminently possible cases that contradict When we speak of the imagination, we may be conventional wisdom."6 speaking of the manipulation of mental images, Sometimes artworks may simply stimulate the consideration of counterfactual proposour imaginative reflection by causing us to itions and situations, or simulation (either of think about a topic or situation that we have belief in propositions, or of the experiences of previously never thought much about, and they others).' Some distinguish between fantasy and may do this without providing much in the way imagination such that the latter, and not the of guidance as to how that imagining proceeds. former, envisages "a world that is interestingly Sometimes, by contrast, they may have more different from our own, but also interestingly in common with a philosophical text, which accessible from it."2 My own use of the term typically not only introduces an imaginative owes much to Roger Scruton and Mark Johnson. thought experiment, but also seeks to guide the Scruton writes: "Doing something imaginature of our reflection upon it.7 In the latter natively means doing it thoughtfully, where case, the artwork, just like the philosophical text, one's thought is not guided by the normal may or may not succeed in shaping the nature of processes of theoretical reasoning, but instead our response to what we are encouraged to goes beyond the obvious in some more or less imagine. However, the artwork, unlike most creative way."3 Johnson defines imagination as philosophical arguments, will typically affect a "creative reflective activity."4 A "process is our response to what we imagine by encourimaginative insofar as it involves ordering or aging us to simultaneously imagine that the world

Activist and political art works, particularly feminist ones, are frequently either dis-missed for their illegitimate combination of the aesthetic and the political, or embraced as chiefly political works. Flawed conceptions of politics and the imagination are responsible for that dismissal. An understanding of the imagination is developed that allows us to see how political work and political explorations may inform the artistic imagination.

To investigate the role of molecular structure in collisions that quench highly vibrationally excited molecules, we have performed state resolved transient infrared absorption studies of energy gain in a number of rotational levels of H2O(000) resulting from collisions of water with vibrationally excited 2-methylpyridine (2-picoline) and 2,6-dimethylpyridine (2,6-lutidine) in a low-pressure gas-phase environment at 298 K. Vibrationally excited methylpyridines were prepared with ∼38 500 cm−1 of internal energy using 266 nm ultraviolet excitation to an S1 electronic state followed by rapid radiationless decay to the S0 electronic state. Collisions that populate rotationally excited states of H2O(000) were investigated with infrared absorption by monitoring the appearance of individual rotational states of H2O(000) with energies between 1000 and 2000 cm−1. Rotational state distributions for recoiling water molecules were characterized by Boltzmann temperatures of Trot=590±90 K for quenching of hot picoline a...