202 results on '"Amy Pace"'
Search Results
2. Preliminary Data: Powered Mobility Intervention with Language Monitoring for Children with Cerebral Palsy
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Claire Cramer Nesbitt, Amy Pace, and Heather A. Feldner
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Purpose: Adapted ride-on cars offer an affordable mobility intervention that provides broader access to a child's environment. Such newfound independence is a unique opportunity to examine changes in environmental language and communicative participation as children acquire mobility. New technologies such as the Language Environmental Analysis (LENA) system hold promise for evaluating naturalistic language interactions but have not yet been applied to children with cerebral palsy with physical and/or communication impairments. This study sought to use LENA with a sample of children with cerebral palsy to determine the feasibility of monitoring environmental language patterns during longitudinal mobility intervention. Method: LENA's adult word counts, conversational turns, and child vocalizations were compared across three time points for participants aged 16-49 months with a range of communication skills (indexed by Communication Function Classification System Levels I-IV). Results: Feasibility was established with acceptable criterion validity during active drive time. Results had large effect sizes, likely diluted by sample size and heterogeneity. Conclusions: Limitations include small sample size, nonprescriptive use of powered mobility devices, and lack of control group. Future studies should incorporate these features to more closely examine communication patterns.
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- 2023
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3. Duet: An Exploratory Language Intervention for Toddlers in Low-Income Households
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Rebecca M. Alper, Rufan Luo, Marjie Mogul, Roger Bakeman, Lauren B. Adamson, Lillian Masek, Yu Chen, Sarah Paterson, Amy Pace, Roberta M. Golinkoff, Margaret Tresch Owen, and Kathy Hirsh-Pasek
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Preventative parent-coaching programs can improve early interaction quality, language skills, and academic outcomes for children experiencing economic adversity. Using a community-based participatory research framework, we piloted Duet, a preventative, parent-implemented, early language intervention. We assigned home visitors to provide Duet or standard-of-care services to 23 children (aged 1; 0-2; 3; 9 Duet, 14 control) and their parents. We used odds ratios to describe the likelihood of improvement. The Duet group had greater odds of improvement than the control group for parent developmental knowledge (moderate effect size), self-efficacy (moderate effect size), parent--child interaction (moderate effect size), and child's language (weak effect size). The preliminary Duet data are promising. Limitations included recruitment and retention in the community setting. Future research will explore Duet's efficacy, effectiveness, and scalability.
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- 2023
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4. A Phase 3 Open-label, Randomized, Controlled Study to Evaluate the Efficacy and Safety of Intravenously Administered Ravulizumab Compared with Best Supportive Care in Patients with COVID-19 Severe Pneumonia, Acute Lung Injury, or Acute Respiratory Distress Syndrome: A structured summary of a study protocol for a randomised controlled trial
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Keisha Smith, Amy Pace, Stephan Ortiz, Shamsah Kazani, and Scott Rottinghaus
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COVID-19 ,severe acute respiratory distress syndrome coronavirus 2 ,lung injury ,acute respiratory distress syndrome ,respiratory distress syndrome ,severe pneumonia ,Medicine (General) ,R5-920 - Abstract
Abstract Objectives Primary Objective • To evaluate the effect of ravulizumab, a long-acting complement (C5) inhibitor plus best supportive care (BSC) compared with BSC alone on the survival of patients with COVID-19. Secondary Objectives • Number of days free of mechanical ventilation at Day 29 • Duration of intensive care unit stay at Day 29 • Change from baseline in Sequential Organ Failure Assessment (SOFA) score at Day 29 • Change from baseline in peripheral capillary oxygen saturation/ fraction of inspired oxygen (SpO2 /FiO2) at Day 29 • Duration of hospitalization at Day 29 • Survival (based on all-cause mortality) at Day 60 and Day 90 Safety • Incidence of treatment-emergent adverse events and treatment-emergent serious adverse events. PK/PD/Immunogenicity • Change in serum ravulizumab concentrations over time • Change in serum free and total C5 concentrations over time • Incidence and titer of anti-ALXN1210 antibodies Biomarkers • Change in absolute level of soluble biomarkers in blood associated with complement activation, inflammatory processes, and hypercoagulable states over time Exploratory • Incidence of progression to renal failure requiring dialysis at Day 29 • Time to clinical improvement (based on a modified 6-point ordinal scale) over 29 days • SF-12 Physical Component Summary (PCS) and Mental Component Summary (MCS) scores at Day 29 (or discharge), Day 60, and Day 90 • EuroQol 5-dimension 5-level (EQ-5D-5L) scores at Day 29 (or discharge), Day 60, and Day 90 Trial design This is a multicenter Phase 3, open-label, randomized, controlled, study. The study is being conducted in acute care hospital settings in the United States, United Kingdom, Spain, France, Germany, and Japan. Participants Male or female patients at least 18 years of age, weighing ≥ 40 kg, admitted to a designated hospital facility for treatment will be screened for eligibility in this study. Key Inclusion criteria • Confirmed diagnosis of SARS-CoV-2 infection (eg, via polymerase chain reaction [PCR] and/or antibody test) presenting as severe COVID-19 requiring hospitalization • Severe pneumonia, acute lung injury, or ARDS confirmed by computed tomography (CT) or X-ray at Screening or within the 3 days prior to Screening, as part of the patient’s routine clinical care • Respiratory distress requiring mechanical ventilation, which can be either invasive (requiring endotracheal intubation) or non-invasive (with continuous positive airway pressure [CPAP] or bilevel positive airway pressure [BiPAP]) Key Exclusion criteria • Patient is not expected to survive for more than 24 hours • Patient is on invasive mechanical ventilation with intubation for more than 48 hours prior to Screening • Severe pre-existing cardiac disease (ie, NYHA Class 3 or Class 4, acute coronary syndrome, or persistent ventricular tachyarrhythmias) • Patient has an unresolved Neisseria meningitidis infection Excluded medications and therapies • Current treatment with a complement inhibitor • Intravenous immunoglobulin (IVIg) within 4 weeks prior to randomization on Day 1 Excluded prior/concurrent clinical study experience • Treatment with investigational therapy in a clinical study within 30 days before randomization, or within 5 half-lives of that investigational therapy, whichever is greater • Exceptions a. Investigational therapies will be allowed if received as part of best supportive care through an expanded access protocol or emergency approval for the treatment of COVID-19. b. Investigational antiviral therapies (such as remdesivir) will be allowed even if received as part of a clinical study. Intervention and comparator The study consists of a Screening Period of up to 3 days, a Primary Evaluation Period of 4 weeks, a final assessment at Day 29, and a Follow-up Period of 8 weeks. For patients randomized to ravulizumab plus BSC, a weight-based dose of ravulizumab (≥40 to < 60 kg/2400 mg, 60 to < 100 kg/2700 mg, ≥ 100 kg/3000 mg) will be administered on Day 1. On Day 5 and Day 10, additional doses of 600 mg (≥40 to 60 kg) ravulizumab will be administered and on Day 15 patients will receive 900 mg ravulizumab. There is no active or placebo comparator in this open-label clinical trial. The total duration of each patient’s participation is anticipated to be approximately 3 months. Main outcomes The primary efficacy outcome of this study is survival (based on all-cause mortality) at Day 29. Randomisation Patients will be randomized in a 2:1 ratio (ravulizumab plus BSC:BSC alone). Randomization will be stratified by intubated or not intubated on Day 1. Computer-generated randomization lists will be prepared by a third party under the direction of the sponsor. Investigators, or designees, will enrol patients and then obtain randomization codes using an interactive voice/web response system. The block size will be kept concealed so that investigators cannot select patients for a particular treatment assignment. Blinding (masking): This is an open-label study. Numbers to be randomised (sample size): Approximately 270 patients will be randomly assigned in a 2:1 ratio to ravulizumab plus BSC (n=180) or BSC alone (n=90). Trial status Protocol Number: ALXN1210-COV-305 Original Protocol: 09 Apr 2020 Protocol Amendment 1 (Global): 13 Apr 2020 Protocol Amendment 2 (Global): 17 Apr 2020 Protocol Amendment 3 (Global): 09 Jun 2020 Recruitment is currently ongoing. Recruitment was initiated on 11 May 2020. We expect recruitment to be completed by 30 Nov 2020. Trial registration Clinicaltrials.gov: Protocol Registry Number: NCT04369469 ; First posted; 30 Apr 2020 EU Clinical Trials Register: EudraCT Number: https://www.clinicaltrialsregister.eu/ctr-search/search?query=ALXN1210-COV-305 , Start date: 07 May 2020 Full protocol The full redacted protocol is attached as an additional file, accessible from the Trials website (Additional file 1). In the interest in expediting dissemination of this material, the familiar formatting has been eliminated; this Letter serves as a summary of the key elements of the full protocol.
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- 2020
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5. Cascades in language acquisition: Re-thinking the linear model of development
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Laura X. Guo, Amy Pace, Lillian R. Masek, Roberta M. Golinkoff, and Kathy Hirsh-Pasek
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- 2023
6. A Longitudinal Study of Language Use During Early Mother–Child Interactions in Spanish-Speaking Families Experiencing Low Income
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Amy Pace, Raúl Rojas, Roger Bakeman, Lauren B. Adamson, Catherine S. Tamis-LeMonda, Margaret O'Brien Caughy, Margaret Tresch Owen, and Katharine Suma
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Speech and Hearing ,Linguistics and Language ,Humans ,Female ,Longitudinal Studies ,Language Development ,Vocabulary ,Mother-Child Relations ,Language and Linguistics ,Language - Abstract
Purpose: This longitudinal study assessed continuity and stability of productive language (vocabulary and grammar) and discourse features (turn-taking; asking and responding to questions) during mother–child play. Method: Parent–child language use in 119 Spanish-speaking, Mexican immigrant mothers and their children at two ages ( M = 2.5 and 3.6 years) was evaluated from transcriptions of interactions. Results: Child productive language significantly increased over the year, whereas mothers showed commensurate increases in vocabulary diversity but very little change in grammatical complexity. Mother–child discourse was characterized by discontinuity: Mothers decreased their turn length and asked fewer questions while children increased on both measures. Rates of responding to questions remained high for both mothers and children even as children increased and mothers decreased over time. Mothers and children showed significant rank-order stability in productive language and measures of discourse. Mothers' rate of asking questions and children's responses to questions during the first interaction predicted children's receptive vocabulary a year later. Conclusions: As children become more sophisticated communicators, language input remains important, with discourse features growing in relevance. Children's early opportunities to respond to parents' questions in the context of play benefit their language skills. This work extends the evidence base from monolingual English-speaking families and is interpreted in the context of prior research on parenting practices in U.S. families of Mexican origin.
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- 2022
7. Home literacy environment and existing knowledge mediate the link between socioeconomic status and language learning skills in dual language learners
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Amy Pace, Roberta Michnick Golinkoff, Dani Levine, Rufan Luo, Jill de Villiers, Aquiles Iglesias, Mary Sweig Wilson, and Kathy Hirsh-Pasek
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Vocabulary ,education.field_of_study ,Sociology and Political Science ,media_common.quotation_subject ,Population ,Language acquisition ,Syntax ,Literacy ,Education ,Constructed language ,Developmental and Educational Psychology ,Mathematics education ,Psychology ,education ,Neuroscience of multilingualism ,Socioeconomic status ,media_common - Abstract
Children learning two languages (Dual Language Learners; DLLs) represent a rapidly growing population in the United States. DLLs are disproportionately more likely to live in families of low socioeconomic status (SES), which places many of them at risk for poor dual-language outcomes. To date, most studies on SES and dual language development have relied on static measures of vocabulary and syntactic skills, without examining the language learning processes – children’s ability to acquire new language items. The current study used a newly developed language measure, the Quick Interactive Language Screener: English and Spanish (QUILS:ES), to assess 3- through 5-year-old Spanish-English DLLs’ language learning processes. We also examined the association between SES (as measured by primary caregivers’ education) and language learning processes, and further explored mechanisms underlying the association. DLLs from higher-SES families showed better language learning skills than those from lower-SES families. The size of the gap did not vary by child age. Home literacy environment (i.e., access to books, book-reading frequency) and children’s existing knowledge (i.e., vocabulary and syntactic knowledge) mediated the SES effect. Together, these findings highlight the need to better prepare DLLs from low-SES families for learning from a dual-language environment. Supporting DLLs’ language environment and knowledge through learning materials and language and literacy activities in both languages is crucial for ameliorating the SES gap in language learning processes.
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- 2021
8. Beyond talk: Contributions of quantity and quality of communication to language success across socioeconomic strata
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Lauren B. Adamson, Margaret Tresch Owen, Sarah J. Paterson, Roberta Michnick Golinkoff, Lillian R. Masek, Roger Bakeman, Amy Pace, and Kathy Hirsh-Pasek
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Male ,Psychological science ,Social connectedness ,media_common.quotation_subject ,Sample (statistics) ,Language Development ,050105 experimental psychology ,Developmental psychology ,Fluency ,Developmental and Educational Psychology ,Humans ,0501 psychology and cognitive sciences ,Quality (business) ,Longitudinal Studies ,Socioeconomic status ,Language ,media_common ,Child care ,Parenting ,05 social sciences ,Mother-Child Relations ,Social Class ,Child, Preschool ,Pediatrics, Perinatology and Child Health ,Income ,Female ,Psychology ,Positive Youth Development ,050104 developmental & child psychology - Abstract
Infants from low-socioeconomic status (SES) households hear a projected 30 million fewer words than their higher-SES peers. In a recent study, Hirsh-Pasek et al. (Psychological Science, 2015; 26: 1071) found that in a low-income sample, fluency and connectedness in exchanges between caregivers and toddlers predicted child language a year later over and above quantity of talk (Hirsh-Pasek et al., Psychological Science, 2015; 26: 1071). Here, we expand upon this study by examining fluency and connectedness in two higher-SES samples. Using data from the NICHD Study of Early Child Care and Youth Development, we sampled 20 toddlers who had low, average, and high language outcomes at 36 months from each of 2 groups based on income-to-needs ratio (INR; middle and high) and applied new coding to the mother-toddler interaction at 24 months. In the high-INR group, the quality of mother-toddler interaction at 24 months accounted for more variability in language outcomes a year later than did quantity of talk, quality of talk, or sensitive parenting. These results could not be accounted for by child language ability at 24 months. These effects were not found in the middle-INR sample. Our findings suggest that when the quality of interaction, fluency and connectedness, predicts language outcomes, it is a robust relation, but it may not be universal.
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- 2020
9. Classification accuracy of the Quick Interactive Language Screener for preschool children with and without developmental language disorder
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Amy Pace, Maura Curran, Amanda Owen Van Horne, Jill de Villiers, Aquiles Iglesias, Roberta Michnick Golinkoff, Mary S. Wilson, and Kathy Hirsh-Pasek
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Speech and Hearing ,Linguistics and Language ,Language Tests ,Cognitive Neuroscience ,Child, Preschool ,Humans ,Experimental and Cognitive Psychology ,Language Development Disorders ,LPN and LVN ,Comprehension ,Language - Abstract
This research examined the classification accuracy of the Quick Interactive Language Screener (QUILS) for identifying preschool-aged children (3;0 to 6;9) with developmental language disorder (DLD). We present data from two independent samples that varied in prevalence and diagnostic reference standard.Study 1 included a clinical sample of children (54 with DLD; 13 without) who completed the QUILS and a standardized assessment of expressive grammar (Syntax subtest from the Diagnostic Evaluation of Language Variation-Norm Referenced; Structured Photographic Expressive Language Test-Preschool 2nd Edition; or Structured Photographic Expressive Language Test-3 rd Edition). Study 2 included a community sample of children (25 with DLD; 101 without) who completed the QUILS and the Auditory Comprehension subtest of the Preschool Language Scales-5th Edition (PLS-5; Zimmerman et al., 2011). Discriminant analyses were conducted to compare classification accuracy (i.e., sensitivity and specificity) using the normreferenced cut score (25th percentile) with empirically derived cut scores.In Study 1, the QUILS led to low fail rates (i.e., high specificity) in children without impairment and statistically significant group differences as a function of children's clinical status; however, only 65% of children with DLD were accurately identified using the norm-referenced cutoff. In Study 2, 76% of children with DLD were accurately identified at the 25th percentile cutoff and accuracy improved to 84% when an empirically derived cutoff (32nd percentile) was applied.Findings support the clinical application of the QUILS as a component of the screening process for identifying the presence or absence of DLD in community samples of preschool-aged children.
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- 2022
10. Culture, parenting, and language: Respeto in Latine mother-child interactions
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Margaret O Brien Caughy, Daniel Pacheco, Catherine S. Tamis-LeMonda, Lauren B. Adamson, Roger Bakeman, Amy Pace, Margaret Tresch Owen, Raúl Rojas, and Katharine Suma
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Value (ethics) ,Sociology and Political Science ,Language production ,media_common.quotation_subject ,05 social sciences ,Immigration ,050105 experimental psychology ,Obedience ,Article ,Developmental psychology ,Maternal sensitivity ,Mother child interaction ,Dyadic interaction ,Developmental and Educational Psychology ,0501 psychology and cognitive sciences ,Psychology ,Social Sciences (miscellaneous) ,050104 developmental & child psychology ,media_common - Abstract
The cultural value of respeto (respect) is central to Latine parenting. Yet, how respeto manifests in the interactions of Latine parents and their young children remains unexamined. Low-income Mexican immigrant Spanish-speaking mothers and their 2.5-year-old toddlers (N = 128) were video-recorded during play (M(age) = 30.2 months, SD = 0.52), and two culturally informed items of respeto were coded: parent calm authority and child affiliative obedience. Respeto related to standard ratings of mother and child interactions (e.g., maternal sensitivity and child engagement) but also captured unique features of parent–child interactions. Respeto related to mothers’ and toddlers’ language production and discourse during the interaction, and explained unique variance in language variables above standard ratings of mother–child interaction. This is the first effort to document a culturally salient aspect of dyadic interaction in Mexican immigrant mothers and young children and to show that respeto relates to language use during mother– child interactions.
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- 2021
11. The Quality of Mother-Toddler Communication Predicts Language and Early Literacy in Mexican-American Children from Low-Income Households
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Raúl Rojas, Amy Pace, Margaret Tresch Owen, Roger Bakeman, Lauren B. Adamson, Catherine S. Tamis-LeMonda, Katharine Suma, Margaret O Brien Caughy, and Daniel Pacheco
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education.field_of_study ,Longitudinal study ,Sociology and Political Science ,media_common.quotation_subject ,05 social sciences ,Population ,050301 education ,Literacy ,Obedience ,Article ,Education ,Developmental psychology ,Language development ,Fluency ,Mother child interaction ,Developmental and Educational Psychology ,0501 psychology and cognitive sciences ,Toddler ,Psychology ,education ,0503 education ,050104 developmental & child psychology ,media_common - Abstract
This longitudinal study documents the key role of early joint engagement in the language and early literacy development of Mexican-American children from low-income households. This rapidly growing population often faces challenges as sequential Spanish-English language learners. Videos of 121 mothers and their 2.5-year-old children interacting in Spanish for 15 min were recorded in 2009-2011 in the Dallas-Fort Worth metropolitan area. Researchers reliably rated general dyadic features of joint engagement-symbol-infused joint engagement, shared routines and rituals, and fluency and connectedness-that have been found to facilitate language development in young English-speaking children. The construct respeto, a valued aspect of traditional Latino parenting, was also rated using two culturally specific items-the parent's calm authority and the child's affiliative obedience. In addition, three individual contributions-maternal sensitivity, quality of maternal language input, and quality of child language production-were assessed. General features of joint engagement at 2.5 years predicted expressive and receptive language at 3.6 years and receptive language and early literacy at 7.3 years, accounting for unique variance over and above individual contributions at 2.5 years, with some effects being stronger in girls than boys. The level of culturally specific joint engagement did not alter predictions made by general features of joint engagement. These findings highlight the importance of the quality of early communication for language and literacy success of Mexican-American children from low-income households and demonstrate that culturally specific aspects of early interactions can align well with general features of joint engagement.
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- 2021
12. Bolstering Parent-Infant Communication Through a University Program in a Prison
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Amy Pace and Kate Krings
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Speech and Hearing ,media_common.quotation_subject ,Prison ,Criminology ,Psychology ,media_common - Published
- 2020
13. Community-Based, Caregiver-Implemented Early Language Intervention in High-Risk Families: Lessons Learned
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Margaret Tresch Owen, Roger Bakeman, Kathy Hirsh-Pasek, Marjie Mogul, Yu Chen, Lauren B. Adamson, Roberta Michnick Golinkoff, Rufan Luo, Sarah Paterson, Rebecca M. Alper, Amy Pace, and Lillian R. Masek
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Program evaluation ,Community-Based Participatory Research ,Health (social science) ,Sociology and Political Science ,Community-based participatory research ,Participatory action research ,Language Development ,Education ,Risk Factors ,Intervention (counseling) ,Humans ,Language Development Disorders ,0501 psychology and cognitive sciences ,Cultural Competency ,Program Development ,Socioeconomic status ,Anthropology, Cultural ,Medical education ,05 social sciences ,Infant ,050301 education ,General Medicine ,humanities ,Language development ,Caregivers ,Socioeconomic Factors ,Child, Preschool ,General partnership ,Psychology ,0503 education ,Cultural competence ,Program Evaluation ,050104 developmental & child psychology - Abstract
Background High-quality, early caregiver-child interaction facilitates language, cognitive, and health outcomes. Children in low socioeconomic status households experience less frequent and lower-quality language interactions on average than their middle to high socioeconomic status peers. Early caregiver-implemented intervention may help to improve outcomes for these children. Objectives This article describes how we used community-based participatory research (CBPR) to develop and implement a community-based, caregiver-implemented early language intervention, including the challenges, solutions, and lessons learned in the process of CBPR. Methods We adopted an ethnographic approach to document and analyze our CBPR experiences in multiple phases of the project, including intervention design, training, implementation, and evaluation. Lessons learned Developing the CBPR partnership, co-designing and implementing the study, and managing systems- level concerns like obtaining funding were central challenges for the researcher-community team. Conclusions The CBPR model enhances early language intervention research by facilitating understanding of families in underserved communities and increasing the cultural relevancy of intervention materials.
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- 2019
14. Measuring success: Within and cross-domain predictors of academic and social trajectories in elementary school
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Kathy Hirsh-Pasek, Margaret Burchinal, Rebecca M. Alper, Amy Pace, and Roberta Michnick Golinkoff
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Sociology and Political Science ,media_common.quotation_subject ,education ,05 social sciences ,Primary education ,050301 education ,Literacy ,Education ,Dreyfus model of skill acquisition ,Developmental psychology ,Basic skills ,Educational research ,Social skills ,Developmental and Educational Psychology ,0501 psychology and cognitive sciences ,Positive Youth Development ,Set (psychology) ,0503 education ,050104 developmental & child psychology ,media_common - Abstract
Children’s skill levels in language, mathematics, literacy, self-regulation, and social–emotional adjustment at kindergarten entry are believed to play an important role in determining school success through their long-term association with academic and social skills in primary and secondary education. Hence, children’s school readiness is a national priority. To date, there is some evidence that specific individual school readiness skills relate to specific outcomes, but much of that research has not addressed concerns regarding generalization due to the high levels of correlations among the school readiness skills. The interrelationships among school readiness domains and patterns of skill acquisition – during the first three years of primary education in which basic skills are the focus and in the later years of primary or secondary education when higher-order skills are the focus – have not been explored adequately. Using the NICHD Study of Early Child Care and Youth Development dataset (n = 1364), this research conducted growth curve analyses to examine a comprehensive set of readiness indicators in kindergarten and identify which domains were stronger predictors of academic and social trajectories through grade 3 and from grades 3 to 5. Results highlight the importance of examining multiple school readiness domains simultaneously rather than separately, and moving beyond outcomes (skill levels) at a particular grade to consider which kindergarten skills predict gains over time (skill acquisition) both within- and across-domains. Empirical and methodological implications are considered for educational research, policy, and practice.
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- 2019
15. Maternal Pre- and Post-release Behaviors in a Residential Parenting Program (Prison Nursery)
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Kunhui Zhang, Amy Pace, and Kate Krings
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education.field_of_study ,Misconduct ,Recidivism ,media_common.quotation_subject ,Population ,Prison ,Bivariate analysis ,education ,Psychology ,Pre and post ,media_common ,Developmental psychology - Abstract
The current study examined maternal behaviors during incarceration and following release in a sample of corrections-involved mothers who lived with their infants in a Residential Parenting Program (RPP). Using a longitudinal dataset, several factors thought to be associated with behavior were examined including mothers’ length of stay in the program, level of risk and needs, and history of visitation. Maternal outcomes were defined in terms of institutional behavior during participation in the prison nursery program (i.e., misconduct) and field violations during supervision after release into the community. Descriptive and bivariate correlational analyses were conducted to investigate associations between potential explanatory variables and maternal behavioral outcomes. Results are consistent with existing evidence documenting low rates of recidivism following participation in a prison nursery. More importantly, this work begins to move beyond recidivism alone to identify meaningful metrics of success for this highly vulnerable and largely understudied population of incarcerated women.
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- 2021
16. Benefits of eculizumab in AQP4+ neuromyelitis optica spectrum disorder: Subgroup analyses of the randomized controlled phase 3 PREVENT trial
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Jacqueline Palace, Dean M. Wingerchuk, Kazuo Fujihara, Achim Berthele, Celia Oreja-Guevara, Ho Jin Kim, Ichiro Nakashima, Michael Levy, Murat Terzi, Natalia Totolyan, Shanthi Viswanathan, Kai-Chen Wang, Amy Pace, Marcus Yountz, Larisa Miller, Róisín Armstrong, Sean Pittock, Daniel Julio Muñoz, Jorge David Amor, Carolina Bocchiardo, Julieta Iourno Danielle, Alfredo Laffue, Carolina Daniela Diaz Obregon, Maria Fernanda Paez, Roberto Martin Perez, Viviana Ana Maria Rocchi, Loreley Deborah Teijeiro, Jesica Gómez, Andres Maria Villa, Florencia Aguirre, Victoria Carla Fernández, Ramon F. Goicoechea, Luciana Melamud, Ana Stillman, Mariana de Virgiliis, Fatima Pagani Cassara, Marta Cordoba, Maria Teresa Gutierrez, Mariana Ingolotti, Natalia Larripa, Anahi Lupinacci, Josefina Arroyo, Alejandra Romano, Mariana Foa Torres, Carlos Héctor Ballario, Ana Elisa Chiesa, Hernán Gustavo Gómez, Hernán Gabriel Lattini, Carolina Natalia Mainella, Gisel Edith Bolner, María Soledad Eschoyez, Simon Andrew Broadley, Saman Heshmat, Arman Sabet, Andrew Swayne, Susan Freeman, Sofia Jimenez Sanchez, Neil Shuey, Linda Dalic, Ann French, Guru Kuma, Joshua Laing, Lai Yin Law, Jennifer MacIntyre, Andrew Neal, Christopher Plummer, Prashanth Ramachandran, Leslie Sedal, Ian Wilson, Antony Winkel, Wenwen Zhang, Tina Chen, Rani Watts, Michael Barnett, Joshua Barton, Heidi Beadnall, Justin Garber, Todd Andrew Hardy, Benjamin Trewin, Marinda Taha, Deleni Walters, Federico Arturo Silva Sieger, Nhora Patricia Ruiz Alfonso, Anna Maria Pinzon Camacho, Alexander Pabón Moreno, Jorge Armando Castellanos Prad, Adriana Paola Duarte Rueda, Tatiana Castillo, Karol Melissa Castillo Gonzalez, Martha Yolanda Moreno Pico, Judith Castill, Mario Habek, Ivan Adamec, Barbara Barun, Luka Crnosija, Tereza Gabelic, Petra Nytrova, Eva Krasulova, Jana Pavlickova, Michaela Tyblova, Jana Zubkova, Thor Petersen, Gro Helen Dale, Peter Vestergaard Rasmussen, Morten Stilund, Kristina Bacher Svendsen, Vivi Brandt, Nicolas Collongues, Marie-Celine Fleury, Laurent Kremer, Sandrine Bendele, Valérie Neff, Ricarda Diem, Michael Platten, Anne Berberich, Jonabelle Jansen, Hannah Jaschoneck, Brigitte Wildemann, Ursula Aures, Tanja Brandenburger, Tanja Haut, Maria-Lourdes Treceno Fernández, Lilian Aly, Kirsten Brinkhoff, Dorothea Buck, Daniel Golkowski, Mirjam Hermisson, Muna-Miriam Hoshi, Miriam Kaminski, Markus Christian Kowarik, Helena Kronsbein, Klaus Lehmann-Horn, Viola Maria Pongratz, Andreas Schweiker, Lisa-Ann Leddy, Silvia Mueller, Kim Obergfell, Marion Wanka, Uwe Klaus Zettl, Jan Klinke, Micha Loebermann, Stefanie Meister, Florian Rimmele, Alexander Winkelmann, Ina Schroeder, Alexander Yuk-Lun Lau, Lisa Wing-Chi Au, Florence Sin-Ying Fan, Vincent Hing-Lung Ip, Karen Ka-Yan Ma, Sze-Ho Ma, Vincent Chung-Tong Mok, Cheryl Chung-Kwan Au, Pauline Wing-Lam Kwan, Francesco Patti, Andrea Salvatore Caramma, Clara Grazia Chisari, Salvatore Lo Fermo, Silvia Messina, Maria Projetto, Cinzia Caserta, Alessandro Filla, Teresa Costabile, Chiara Pane, Francesco Sacca, Angela Marsili, Giorgia Puorro, Roberto Bergamaschi, Eliana Berra, Giulia Mallucci, Cinzia Fattore, Claudio Gasperini, Simonetta Galgani, Shalom Haggiag, Serena Ruggieri, Claudio Vento, Esmeralda Maria Quartuccio, Carlo Pozzilli, Valeria Teresa Barletta, Giovanna Borriello, Laura De Giglio, Fabiana Marinelli, Miriam Tasillo, Alessandra Amadori, Mariano Fischetti, Flavia Gurreri, Masahiro Mori, Hiroki Masuda, Ryohei Ohtani, Yukari Sekiguchi, Tomohiko Uchida, Akiyuki Uzawa, Hiromi Ito, Emi Kabasawa, Yoko Kaneko, Takuya Matsushita, Dai Matsuse, Hiroyuki Murai, Shintaro Hayashi, Katsuhisa Masak, Hidenori Ogata, Koji Shinoda, Taira Uehara, Mitsuru Watanabe, Hiroo Yamaguchi, Ryo Yamasaki, Tomomi Yonekawa, Maki Jingu, Makiko Nagano, Yumiko Nakamura, Yoshiko Sano, Manabu Araki, Youwei Lin, Madoka Mori, Yohei Mukai, Terunori Sano, Wakiro Sato, Naoya Gogun, Yuriko Maeda, Asami Nishimoto, Sachiko Tsukamoto, Ritsuko Yanagi, Takahiko Saida, Shinichi Nakamura, Tetsuya Nasu, Kyoko Saida, Yuko Shikata, Yoshimi Kodani, Megumi Saeki, Yukako Sawada, Hiroo Yoshikawa, Takashi Kimura, Masamitsu Nishi, Shun Sakamoto, Shinichiro Ukon, Shohei Watanabe, Saori Ebisuya, Nami Kimura, Manami Matsuura, Yukie Morisaki, Yoshiko Muroi, Kuniko Onishi, Ikuko Oshima, Yuki Washino, Tomomi Yamashita, Tatsuro Misu, Kimihiko Kaneko, Masaaki Kato, Hiroshi Kuroda, Kazuhiro Kurosawa, Shuhei Nishiyama, Hirohiko Ono, Yoshiki Takai, Keiko Abe, Hitomi Hoshi, Mari Jinushi, Azusa Oyama, Motonari Sakuma, Yuko Sawada, Satoru Ishibashi, Takanori Yokota, Yoichiro Nishida, Kokoro Ozaki, Nobuo Sanjo, Nozomu Sato, Fuki Denno, Haruko Hiraki, Yumi Matsubara, Takashi Kanda, Masaaki Abe, Masaya Honda, Motoharu Kawai, Michiaki Koga, Toshihiko Maeda, Junichi Ogasawara, Masatoshi Omoto, Yasuteru Sano, Ryota Sato, Fumitaka Shimizu, Hideki Arima, Sachie Fukui, Yoshiko Ishikawa, Tomoko Koyama, Shigemi Shimose, Hirokazu Shinozaki, Masanori Watanabe, Sachi Yasuda, Chieko Yoshiwaka, Suffian Adenan, Mohd Azman M Aris, Ahmad Shahir bin Mawardi, Muhammad Al Hafiz Adnan, Nanthini Munusamy, Siti Nur Omaira Razali, Punitha Somasundram, Jae Won Hyun, In Hye Jeong, Su-Hyun Kim, Hyun-June Shin, Ji Sung Yoo, HyunMin Jang, AeRan Joung, Byung-Jo Kim, Seol-Hee Baek, Jung Bin Kim, Yoo Hwan Kim, Yong Seo Koo, Chan Nyoung Lee, Hung Youl Seok, Jinhee Hwang, Sung Min Kim, So Hyun Ahn, Kyomin Choi, Seok-Jin Choi, Jun-Soon Kim, Young Nam Kwon, Je-Young Shin, Hyeonju Kwon, Byoung Joon Kim, Eun Bin Cho, Hye-Jin Cho, Misong Choi, DongSun Kim, Ju Hyeon Kim, SeungJu Ki, Hye Lim Lee, Kwang-Ho Lee, Ju-Hong Min, Ji-Hyung Park, Jinmyoung Seok, Eunhwa Choi, Sang Ae Park, Seung Min Kim, Ha-Neul Jeong, Bong Jeongbin, Jin Woo Jung, Seung Woo Kim, Yool-hee Kim, Hyung Seok Lee, Ha Young Shin, Yeon Jung, Min Jung Kim, Nou Ri Lee, MiJu Shin, Farit A Khabirov, Lyudmila Averyanova, Natalya Babicheva, Eugenii Granatov, Sergey Kazarov, Timur Khaybullin, Alexander Rogozhin, Dmitry V Pokhabov, Vladislav Abramov, Anastasia Amelina, Yulia Nesteroca, Tatyana Bozhenkina, Aleksey N Boyko, Elena G Demyan, Inessa Khoroshilova, Mikhail Melnikov, Ekaterina V Popova, Svetlana N Sharanova, Sergey G Shchur, Denis V Sazonov, Larisa Babenko, Elena Bayandina, Asya Yarmoschuk, Victor A Baliazin, Elena Baliazina, Elena Budaeva, Irina Chernikova, Zoya Goncharova, Vladimir Krasnov, Marina Myatleva, Olga V. Rodionova, Iuliana Samulyzhko, Alla A. Timofeeva, Sabas Boyero Duran, Maria Mar Mendibe Bilbao, Irene Diaz Cuervo, Jose Maria Losada Domingo, Amaia Gonzalez Eizaguirre, Jose Eulalio Barcena Llona, Roberto Valverde Moyano, Carmen Bahamonde, Fernando Sanchez Lopez, Raquel Pinar Morales, Eduardo Agüera Morales, Carmen Bahamonde Roman, Juan Jose Ochoa Sepulveda, Maria del Carmen Blanco Valero, Nazaret Pelaez Viña, Cristina Conde Gavilan, Ana Maria Jover Sanchez, Sara Vila Bedmar, Nuria Gonzalez Garcia, Aida Orviz Garcia, Ines Gonzalez-Suarez, Elena Miñano Guillamon, Miguel Kawiorski, Elena Guerra Schulz, Alba Garcia Alonso, Francisco Jesus Lopez Perez, Marta Palacios Sarmiento, Guillermo Izquierdo Ayuso, Guillermo Navarro Mascarell, Cristina Paramo Camino, Asuncion Varas Garcia, Yaiza Montserrat Mendoza, Veronica Ines Vargas Muñoz, Patricia Torres Tonda, Ching-Piao Tsai, Jiu-Haw Yin, Mei-Jung Chen, Shan-Ni Li, Fei-Ti Wang, Suwat Srisuwannanukorn, Thanatat Boonmongkol, Duangporn Borisutbuathip, Duangkamol Singwicha, Krittika Siritanan, Chidchanoke Thearapati, Kwanmuang Sornda, Metha Apiwattanakul, Saharat Aungsumart, Narupat Suanprasert, Kaona Suksuchano, Nittaya Parkinsee, Kongkiat Kulkantrakorn, Praween Lolekha, Artit Potigumjon, Puchit Sukphulloprat, Dararat Suksasunee, Chankawee Komaratat, Sunattana Luangtong, Arkhom Arayawichanont, Phanpaphon Konpan, Nathapol Riablershirun, Thaddao Wiroteurairuang, Panadda Jantaweesirirat, Aslı Kurne, Irem Erkent, Ebru Bekircan Kurt, Ezgi Saylam, Yagmur Caliskan, Gulsah Orsel, Yahya Celik, Canan Celebi, Aslan Tekatas, Tugce Banbal, Gulsen Akman Demir, Burcu Altunrende, Zeliha Matur, Baris Topcular, Tules Elmas, Aysenur Gulo, Selin Ozdemir, Cansu Ozkoklesen, Mahinur Ozturk, Mertkan Yanik, Elif Yildirim, Melih Tutuncu, Ayse Altintas, Abdulsamet Cam, Ayse Deniz Elmali, Sabahattin Saip, Aksel Siva, Uygur Tanrıverdi, Ugur Uygunoglu, Sinem Caliskan, Pinar Gulo, Esra Kozig, Sakine Sakiz, Ihsan Sukru Sengun, Egemen Idiman, Rahmi Tumay Ala, Duygu Arslan, Utku Bulut, Yasemin Karakaptan, Derya Kaya, Zaur Mehdiyev, Bengu Balkan, Berfu Kuku, Mujgan Ozhun, Celal Tuga, Muzeyyen Ugur, Husnu Efendi, Sena Destan Bunul, Hakan Cavus, Yunus Emre Gorke, Ayse Kutlu, Seda Ozturk, Cansu Egilmez Sarikaya, Gulsah Becerikli, Cansu Semiz, Ozlem Tun, Sehriban Ayer, Musa Kazim Onar, Mehlika Berra Ozberk, Sedat Sen, Tugce Kirbas Cavdar, Adife Veske, Cavit Boz, Didem Altiparmak, Cigdem Ozen Aydin, Sibel Gazioglu, Duygu Bekircan, Anu Jacob, Heike Arndt, Liene Elsone, Shahd Hassan Mahmoud Hamid, Daniel Hugh Whittam, Martin Wilson, Imelda O'Brien, Maria Isabel da Silva Leite, Pedro Maria Rodriguez Cruz, Damian Robert Jenkins, George Tackley, Ana Cavey, Rosie Everett, Joy Hodder, Abigail Koelewyn, Ellen Mowry, Walter Royal, Robert Shin, Christopher Bever, Daniel Harrison, Horea Rus, Wei Zheng, Karen Callison, Kerry Naunton, Benjamin M Frishberg, Andrew M Blumenfeld, Andrew Inocelda, Kalyani Korabathina, Michael Lobatz, Melissa M Mortin, Irene J Oh, Jay H Rosenberg, Mark Sadoff, Gregory A Sahagian, Anchi Wang, Yasmin Camberos, Guadalupe Sanchez, Estela Soto, Jacqueline A Nicholas, Aaron Boster, Geoffrey Eubank, Katy Groezinger, Meghan Lauf, Annette F Okai, Rashedul Hasan, Chaouki Khoury, Victoria Stokes, Stacey Clardy, Melissa Cortez, John Greenlee, John Rose, Mateo Paz Soldan, Amanda Emett, Lawanda Esquibel, Lilly Fagatele, Ka-Ho Wong, James C Stevens, Thomas M Banas, Marlene C Bultemeyer, Andrea Haller, Natalie Manalo, Keri Aeschliman, Debi Kocks, Michael Racke, Aaron Lee Boster, Michelle Bowman, Jaime Imitola, Yasushi Kisanuki, Misty Green, Stephanie Scarberry, Sharon G Lynch, Heather S Anderson, Gary S Gronseth, Nancy E Hammond, Yasir N Jassam, Manoj K Mittal, Muhammed M Nashatizadeh, Nicholas Levine, Lisa Schmidt, Jill Sibley, Vonda Whitley, James Winkley, Timothy Coleman, Gregory Cooper, Stephanie Sheffield, Keri Turner, Dana Galloway, Robert S Tillett, Geeta A Ganesh, Brian M Plato, Tad D Seifert, Diana Godwin, Deborah Lockridge, Kottil W Rammohan, William A Sheremata, Silvia Delgado, Jose Gonzalez, Alexis Lizarraga, Janice Maldonado, Melissa Ortega, Leticia Tornes, Yanet Babcock, Osmara Cailam, Yesica Campos, Irlisse Couvertier, Bettina Daneri, Jeremy Deni, Jeffrey Hernandez, Tatiana Jaramillo, Tenita Morris, Daniel Nobel, Anjelis Oliveira, Reshma Richardson, Gloria Rodriguez, Ana Romero, Carlos Sandova, Ruta Sawant, Lissett Tueros, Eric S Zetka, Chao Zheng, Daniel H Jacobs, Constance Easterling, Jennifer Fairbank, Revathi Iyengar, Mark Klafter, Justin Lindquist, Ahmed H Sadek, Elizabeth Carmona Toro, Navin Verma, Brigith Patino Castro, Nadia Sukhraj-Singh, Joseph Berger, Eric Williamson, Salim Chahin, Dina Jacobs, Clyde Markowitz, Jessica Dobbins, Lauren Mace, Maria Martin, Ashley Pinckney, Amber Roberts, Islam Zaydan, Galen W Mitchell, Rock A Heyman, Ryan L Orie, Valerie R Suski, Kerry Oddis, Darlene Punjack, Eoin Flanagan, Avi Gadoth, Andrew McKeon, W Oliver Tobin, Anastasia Zekeridou, Katie Dunlay, Jessica Sagen, Jonathan L Carter, Bachir Estephan, Brent P Goodman, Charlene R Hoffman Snyder, Andrea Francone, Irene Galasky, Martha Thomas, Pavle Repovic, James Bowen, Angeli Mayadev, Peiqing Qian, Yuriko Courtney, Lauren Lennox, Robert Thomas Naismith, Anne Haney Cross, Emily Evans, Erin E Longbrake, Megan E Orchard, Gregory F Wu, Linda Heinrich, Susan Sommers, Faria Amjad, Erika Mitchell, Carlos Mora, Bethany Schreiber, Carlo Tornatore, Alexis Carlson, Sacha McCarthy, and Alexandria Oliver
- Subjects
Adult ,medicine.medical_specialty ,Population ,Placebo ,Antibodies, Monoclonal, Humanized ,03 medical and health sciences ,Complement inhibitor ,0302 clinical medicine ,Internal medicine ,medicine ,Humans ,030212 general & internal medicine ,education ,Aquaporin 4 ,education.field_of_study ,Neuromyelitis optica ,business.industry ,Neuromyelitis Optica ,General Medicine ,Eculizumab ,medicine.disease ,Comorbidity ,ddc ,Neurology ,Concomitant ,Rituximab ,Neurology (clinical) ,business ,030217 neurology & neurosurgery ,medicine.drug - Abstract
Background Antibodies to the aquaporin-4 (AQP4) water channel in neuromyelitis optica spectrum disorder (NMOSD) are reported to trigger the complement cascade, which is implicated in astrocyte damage and subsequent neuronal injury. The PREVENT study demonstrated that the terminal complement inhibitor eculizumab reduces adjudicated relapse risk in patients with anti-AQP4 immunoglobulin G-positive (AQP4+) NMOSD. The objective of this analysis was to evaluate the efficacy of eculizumab in reducing relapse risk and its safety in AQP4+ NMOSD across clinically relevant subgroups in PREVENT. Methods In the randomized, double-blind, time-to-event, phase 3 PREVENT trial, 143 adults received eculizumab (maintenance dose, 1200 mg/2 weeks) or placebo (2:1), with stable-dose concomitant immunosuppressive therapy (IST) permitted (except rituximab and mitoxantrone). Post hoc analyses of relapses and adverse events were performed for prespecified and post hoc subgroups based on concomitant IST and prior rituximab use, demographic and disease characteristics, and autoimmune comorbidity. Results The significant reduction in relapse risk observed for eculizumab versus placebo in the overall PREVENT population was consistently maintained across subgroups based on concomitant IST and previous rituximab use, age, sex, region, race, time since clinical onset of NMOSD, historical annualized relapse rate, baseline Expanded Disability Status Scale score, and history of another autoimmune disorder. The serious infection rate was lower with eculizumab than placebo regardless of rituximab use in the previous year, concomitant IST use, or history of another autoimmune disorder. Conclusion Across a wide range of clinically relevant AQP4+ NMOSD patient subgroups in PREVENT, eculizumab therapy was consistently effective versus placebo in reducing relapse risk, with no apparent increase in serious infection rate. Trial registration NCT01892345 (ClinicalTrials.gov).
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- 2020
17. Within and Across Language Predictors of Word Learning Processes in Dual Language Learners
- Author
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Amy Pace, Rufan Luo, Mary Sweig Wilson, Jill de Villiers, Kathy Hirsh-Pasek, Dani Levine, Aquiles Iglesias, and Roberta Michnick Golinkoff
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Male ,Vocabulary ,Relation (database) ,media_common.quotation_subject ,Multilingualism ,Language Development ,050105 experimental psychology ,Education ,Developmental and Educational Psychology ,Humans ,Learning ,0501 psychology and cognitive sciences ,Child ,media_common ,Language ,Language Tests ,Grammar ,05 social sciences ,Multilevel model ,Linguistics ,Awareness ,Moderation ,Vocabulary development ,Comprehension ,Reading comprehension ,Child, Preschool ,Pediatrics, Perinatology and Child Health ,Psychology ,Child Language ,050104 developmental & child psychology - Abstract
This study investigated the relation between Dual Language Learners' (N = 90) vocabulary and grammar comprehension and word learning processes in preschool (aged 3‐through‐5 years). Of interest was whether: (a) performance in Spanish correlated with performance in English within each domain; and (b) comprehension predicted novel word learning within and across languages. Dual‐language experience was evaluated as a potential moderator. Hierarchical linear modeling revealed stronger predictive associations within each language than across languages. Across languages, results varied by experience and domain. Structural sensitivity theory suggests exposure to two languages heightens awareness of parameters along which languages vary and provides a framework for interpreting complex associations within and across languages. Knowledge from one language may influence learning in both. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2020
18. Substrate plasticity of a fungal peptide α-N-methyltransferase
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Ju Ratè Fahrig-Kamarauskaitè, Hannelore Kaspar, Amy Pace, Christina Zach, Bozhidar-Adrian Stefanov, Sally L. Shirran, Markus Künzler, James H. Naismith, Haigang Song, Emmanuel Matabaro, The Wellcome Trust, University of St Andrews. Biomedical Sciences Research Complex, and University of St Andrews. School of Biology
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0301 basic medicine ,chemistry.chemical_classification ,Methyltransferase ,010405 organic chemistry ,Chemistry ,Stereochemistry ,QH301 Biology ,NDAS ,Substrate (chemistry) ,Context (language use) ,Sequence (biology) ,Peptide ,General Medicine ,Methylation ,01 natural sciences ,Biochemistry ,0104 chemical sciences ,Amino acid ,03 medical and health sciences ,chemistry.chemical_compound ,QH301 ,030104 developmental biology ,Amide ,Molecular Medicine - Abstract
The methylation of amide nitrogen atoms can improve the stability, oral availability, and cell permeability of peptide therapeutics. Chemical N-methylation of peptides is challenging. Omphalotin A is a ribosomally synthesized, macrocylic dodecapeptide with nine backbone N-methylations. The fungal natural product is derived from the precursor protein, OphMA, harboring both the core peptide and a SAM-dependent peptide α-N-methyltransferase domain. OphMA forms a homodimer and its α-N-methyltransferase domain installs the methyl groups in trans on the hydrophobic core dodecapeptide and some additional C-terminal residues of the protomers. These post-translational backbone N-methylations occur in a processive manner from the N- to the C-terminus of the peptide substrate. We demonstrate that OphMA can methylate polar, aromatic, and charged residues when these are introduced into the core peptide. Some of these amino acids alter the efficiency and pattern of methylation. Proline, depending on its sequence context, can act as a tunable stop signal. Crystal structures of OphMA variants have allowed rationalization of these observations. Our results hint at the potential to control this fungal α-N-methyltransferase for biotechnological applications., ACS Chemical Biology, 15 (7), ISSN:1554-8929, ISSN:1554-8937
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- 2020
19. Substrate Plasticity of a Fungal Peptide α
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Haigang, Song, Ju Ratè, Fahrig-Kamarauskaitè, Emmanuel, Matabaro, Hannelore, Kaspar, Sally L, Shirran, Christina, Zach, Amy, Pace, Bozhidar-Adrian, Stefanov, James H, Naismith, and Markus, Künzler
- Subjects
Fungal Proteins ,Protein Domains ,Mutation ,Amino Acid Sequence ,Methyltransferases ,Articles ,Protein Precursors ,Agaricales ,Methylation ,Peptides, Cyclic ,Protein Processing, Post-Translational ,Substrate Specificity - Abstract
The methylation of amide nitrogen atoms can improve the stability, oral availability, and cell permeability of peptide therapeutics. Chemical N-methylation of peptides is challenging. Omphalotin A is a ribosomally synthesized, macrocylic dodecapeptide with nine backbone N-methylations. The fungal natural product is derived from the precursor protein, OphMA, harboring both the core peptide and a SAM-dependent peptide α-N-methyltransferase domain. OphMA forms a homodimer and its α-N-methyltransferase domain installs the methyl groups in trans on the hydrophobic core dodecapeptide and some additional C-terminal residues of the protomers. These post-translational backbone N-methylations occur in a processive manner from the N- to the C-terminus of the peptide substrate. We demonstrate that OphMA can methylate polar, aromatic, and charged residues when these are introduced into the core peptide. Some of these amino acids alter the efficiency and pattern of methylation. Proline, depending on its sequence context, can act as a tunable stop signal. Crystal structures of OphMA variants have allowed rationalization of these observations. Our results hint at the potential to control this fungal α-N-methyltransferase for biotechnological applications.
- Published
- 2020
20. Fast mapping word meanings across trials: Young children forget all but their first guess
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Amy Pace, Kathy Hirsh-Pasek, Roberta Michnick Golinkoff, Athulya Aravind, Jill de Villiers, Aquiles Iglesias, Mary Sweig Wilson, and Hannah Valentine
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Male ,Linguistics and Language ,Process (engineering) ,Cognitive Neuroscience ,media_common.quotation_subject ,Multilingualism ,Experimental and Cognitive Psychology ,Referent ,Vocabulary ,050105 experimental psychology ,Language and Linguistics ,Task (project management) ,Developmental and Educational Psychology ,Humans ,Learning ,0501 psychology and cognitive sciences ,Meaning (existential) ,Function (engineering) ,media_common ,05 social sciences ,Semantics ,Fast mapping ,Ask price ,Child, Preschool ,Female ,Tracking (education) ,Psychology ,Child Language ,050104 developmental & child psychology ,Cognitive psychology - Abstract
Do children learn a new word by tracking co-occurrences between words and referents across multiple instances ("cross-situational learning" models), or is word-learning a "one-track" process, where learners maintain a single hypothesis about the possible referent, which may be verified or falsified in future occurrences ("propose-but-verify" models)? Using a novel word-learning task, we ask which learning procedure is utilized by preschool-aged children. We report on findings from three studies comparing the word-learning strategies across different populations of child learners: monolingual English learners, Spanish - English dual language learners, and learners at risk for language-delay. In all three studies, we ask what, if anything, is retained from prior exposures and whether the amount of information retained changes as children get older. The ability to make a good initial hypothesis was a function of various factors, including language ability and experience, but across-the-board, children were no better than chance after a wrong initial hypothesis. This suggests that children do not retain multiple meaning hypotheses across learning instances, lending support to the propose-but-verify models.
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- 2018
21. Playing With Ideas: Evaluating the Impact of the Ultimate Block Party, a Collective Experiential Intervention to Enrich Perceptions of Play
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Kathy Hirsh-Pasek, Mark Schlesinger, Roberta Michnick Golinkoff, Rachel Grob, and Amy Pace
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Adult ,Male ,Program evaluation ,Health Knowledge, Attitudes, Practice ,media_common.quotation_subject ,Developmental Science ,Experiential learning ,Education ,Perception ,Intervention (counseling) ,Developmental and Educational Psychology ,Humans ,0501 psychology and cognitive sciences ,Child ,media_common ,Parenting ,4. Education ,05 social sciences ,050301 education ,Problem-Based Learning ,Child development ,Play and Playthings ,Problem-based learning ,Child, Preschool ,Pediatrics, Perinatology and Child Health ,Female ,New York City ,Attitude change ,Psychology ,0503 education ,Social psychology ,Program Evaluation ,050104 developmental & child psychology - Abstract
Parental attitudes shape play opportunities afforded to children in home, community, and school settings. This study presents evaluation of an intervention designed to enrich parent's conception of play and its relationship with socially valued skills and capacities. On the basis of data from 291 racially and ethnically diverse parents/caregivers of young children (median age between 3 and 6) attending an event in NYC, we find the intervention helped parents conceptualize play in complex ways and altered perceptions of its impact on children's current-but not future-lives. Multivariate analyses reveal the causal pathway for these changes as exposure to multiple play sites, rather than time at the event-a finding with direct implications for exposing parents to developmental science in community settings.
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- 2017
22. A goal bias in action: The boundaries adults perceive in events align with sites of actor intent
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Roberta Michnick Golinkoff, Kathy Hirsh-Pasek, Amy Pace, and Dani Levine
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Adult ,Male ,Linguistics and Language ,media_common.quotation_subject ,Motion Perception ,Theory of Mind ,Video Recording ,Experimental and Cognitive Psychology ,050105 experimental psychology ,Language and Linguistics ,Task (project management) ,03 medical and health sciences ,Professional Competence ,0302 clinical medicine ,Theory of mind ,Perception ,Humans ,0501 psychology and cognitive sciences ,Segmentation ,media_common ,Analysis of Variance ,Social perception ,Event (computing) ,05 social sciences ,Cognition ,Social Perception ,Action (philosophy) ,Athletes ,Practice, Psychological ,Female ,Psychology ,Goals ,Social psychology ,030217 neurology & neurosurgery ,Sports ,Cognitive psychology - Abstract
We live in a dynamic world comprised of continuous events. Remembering our past and predicting future events, however, requires that we segment these ongoing streams of information in a consistent manner. How is this segmentation achieved? This research examines whether the boundaries adults perceive in events, such as the Olympic figure skating routine used in these studies, align with the beginnings (sources) and endings (goals) of human goal-directed actions. Study 1 showed that a group of experts, given an explicit task with unlimited time to rewatch the event, identified the same subevents as one another, but with greater agreement as to the timing of goals than sources. In Study 2, experts, novices familiarized with the figure skating sequence, and unfamiliarized novices performed an online event segmentation task, marking boundaries as the video progressed in real time. The online boundaries of all groups corresponded with the sources and goals offered by Study 1's experts, with greater alignment of goals than sources. Additionally, expertise, but not mere perceptual familiarity, boosted the alignment of sources and goals. Finally, Study 3, which presented novices with the video played in reverse, indicated, unexpectedly, that even when spatiotemporal cues were disrupted, viewers' perceived event boundaries still aligned with their perception of the actors' intended sources and goals. This research extends the goal bias to event segmentation, and suggests that our spontaneous sensitivity toward goals may allow us to transform even relatively complex and unfamiliar event streams into structured and meaningful representations. (PsycINFO Database Record
- Published
- 2017
23. Number Needed to Treat in Multiple Sclerosis Clinical Trials
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Macaulay Okwuokenye, Annie Zhang, Amy Pace, and Karl E. Peace
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medicine.medical_specialty ,Pathology ,Absolute risk difference ,Neurology ,Disease ,Review ,03 medical and health sciences ,0302 clinical medicine ,health services administration ,medicine ,Controlled clinical trials ,Treatment effect ,030212 general & internal medicine ,Intensive care medicine ,Number needed to treat ,business.industry ,Multiple sclerosis ,Hazard ratio ,Absolute risk reduction ,Annualized relapse rate ,medicine.disease ,Clinical trial ,Relapsing-remitting multiple sclerosis ,Neurology (clinical) ,business ,030217 neurology & neurosurgery ,Statistical inference - Abstract
Clinicians are expected to select a therapy based on their appraisal of evidence on benefit-to-risk profiles of therapies. In the management of relapsing-remitting multiple sclerosis (RRMS), evidence is typically expressed in terms of risk (proportion) of event, risk reduction, relative and hazard rate reduction, or relative reduction in the mean number of magnetic resonance imaging lesions. Interpreting treatment effect using these measures from a RRMS clinical trial is fairly reliable; however, this might not be the case when treatment effect is expressed in terms of the number needed to treat (NNT). The objective of this review is to discuss the utility of NNT in RRMS trials. This article presents an overview of the methodological definition and characteristics of NNT as well as the relative merit of NNT use in RRMS controlled clinical trials, where endpoints are typically time-to-event and frequency of recurrent events. The authors caution against using NNT in multiple sclerosis, a clinically heterogeneous disease that can change course and severity unpredictably. The authors also caution against the use of NNT to interpret results in comparative trials where the absolute risk difference is not statistically significant, computing NNT using the time-to-event endpoint at intermediate time points, computing NNT using the annualized relapse rate, and comparing NNT across trials.
- Published
- 2017
24. Identifying Pathways Between Socioeconomic Status and Language Development
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Kathy Hirsh-Pasek, Roberta Michnick Golinkoff, Rufan Luo, and Amy Pace
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Linguistics and Language ,Best practice ,media_common.quotation_subject ,05 social sciences ,Psychological intervention ,050301 education ,Academic achievement ,Language acquisition ,Language and Linguistics ,Developmental psychology ,Language development ,0501 psychology and cognitive sciences ,Early childhood ,Psychology ,0503 education ,Socioeconomic status ,050104 developmental & child psychology ,Diversity (politics) ,media_common - Abstract
Children from low-income backgrounds consistently perform below their more advantaged peers on standardized measures of language ability, setting long-term trajectories that translate into gaps in academic achievement. Our primary goals in this review are to describe how and why this is so, in order to focus attention on ways to enrich early language experiences across socioeconomic strata. We first review the literature on the relation between socioeconomic status (SES) and language ability across domains in early childhood. We then identify three potential pathways by which SES might influence language development—child characteristics, parent–child interaction, and availability of learning resources—recognizing the complicated interaction between the child's own language learning skill and his/her environmental support. Finally, we review interventions that target these three pathways with an eye toward best practice. Future research should focus on the diversity of contexts in which children acquire language and adopt methods of language measurement that are sensitive to cultural variation.
- Published
- 2017
25. Service and Learning at a Residential Parenting Program for Incarcerated Mothers: Speech-Language Pathology Student Outcomes and Maternal Perspectives
- Author
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Lauren Nehilla, Kate Krings, Julie Dunlap, and Amy Pace
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Adult ,Volunteers ,Linguistics and Language ,Pathology ,medicine.medical_specialty ,Health Knowledge, Attitudes, Practice ,Speech-Language Pathology ,Higher education ,Population ,Service-learning ,Mothers ,Language and Linguistics ,Speech and Hearing ,Child Development ,Surveys and Questionnaires ,Attachment theory ,medicine ,Humans ,Learning ,education ,Students ,Self-efficacy ,education.field_of_study ,Child rearing ,Parenting ,business.industry ,Prisoners ,Infant, Newborn ,Infant ,Language acquisition ,Child development ,Child, Preschool ,Prisons ,Communication Disorders ,Female ,Psychology ,business - Abstract
PurposeThis article reports preliminary outcomes from a service-learning (SL) experience for graduate students in the Speech-Language Pathology program with incarcerated mothers who reside with their infants at a residential parenting program. We present an ecological model to serve as a framework for interpreting the impact of the experience on student learning and maternal perceptions.MethodGraduate speech-language pathology students (totaln= 30) participated in an SL project, called thePartnership for Healthy Parenting. With faculty guidance, students implemented parent education and child development workshops designed to foster secure attachment relationships, enhance the quality of mother–child interactions, and promote communication and language development. Students completed self-report scales measuring civic attitudes and self-efficacy before participating; they also provided written reflections about their experience that were analyzed qualitatively. Mothers completed voluntary feedback surveys after each workshop.ResultsStudent reflections revealed a variety of perceived positive learning outcomes related to personal attitudes and beliefs about their role as a clinician, family-centered practices in early intervention, and knowledge about the population of interest. Feedback surveys administered to mothers who attended the workshops indicated satisfaction relating to the value of the services provided.ConclusionsSL programs may benefit students, faculty, communities, higher education institutions, and the relationships among all these stakeholders. Results, limitations, and implications for strengthening university–community collaborations in the field of communication disorders are discussed.
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- 2019
26. Keeping the end in mind: Preliminary brain and behavioral evidence for broad attention to endpoints in pre-linguistic infants
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Dani Levine, Roberta Michnick Golinkoff, Leslie J. Carver, Amy Pace, and Kathy Hirsh-Pasek
- Subjects
Male ,media_common.quotation_subject ,Telicity ,Language Development ,050105 experimental psychology ,Random Allocation ,03 medical and health sciences ,Child Development ,0302 clinical medicine ,Perception ,Developmental and Educational Psychology ,Humans ,Visual attention ,Attention ,0501 psychology and cognitive sciences ,Evoked Potentials ,media_common ,Point (typography) ,05 social sciences ,Brain ,Infant ,Linguistics ,Object (philosophy) ,Action (philosophy) ,Infant Behavior ,Female ,Comprehension ,Psychology ,030217 neurology & neurosurgery ,Cognitive psychology ,Meaning (linguistics) - Abstract
Infants must learn to carve events at their joints to best understand who is doing what to whom or whether an object or agent has reached its intended goal. Recent behavioral research demonstrates that infants do not see the world as a movie devoid of meaning, but rather as a series of sub-events that include agents moving in different manners along paths from sources to goals. This research uses behavioral and electrophysiological methods to investigate infants' (10-14 months) attention to disruptions within relatively unfamiliar human action that does not rely on goal-objects to signal attainment (i.e., Olympic figure skating). Infants' visual (Study 1, N = 48) and neurophysiological (Study 2, N = 21) responses to pauses at starting points, endpoints, and within-action locations were recorded. Both measures revealed differential responses to pauses at endpoints relative to pauses elsewhere in the action (i.e., starting point; within-action). Eye-tracking data indicated that infants' visual attention was greater for events containing pauses at endpoints relative to events with pauses at starting points or within-actions. ERP activity reflecting perceptual processes in early-latency windows (200 ms) and memory updating processes in long-latency windows (700-1000 ms) showed differential activation to disruptions at the end of a figure-skating action compared to other locations. Mid-latency windows (250-750 ms), in contrast, showed enhanced activation at frontal regions across conditions, suggesting electrophysiological resources may have been recruited to encode disruptions within unfamiliar dynamic human action. Combined, results hint at broad sensitivity to endpoints as a mechanism that supports infants' proclivity for carving continuous and complex event streams into meaningful units. Findings have potential implications for language development as these units are mapped onto budding linguistic representations. We discuss empirical and methodological contributions for action perception and address potential merits and pitfalls of applying behavioral techniques in conjunction with brain-based measures to study infant development.
- Published
- 2020
27. Clinical effects of natalizumab on multiple sclerosis appear early in treatment course
- Author
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Annie Zhang, Paul O'Connor, Christopher H. Polman, Christophe Hotermans, Heinz Wiendl, Ludwig Kappos, Patrick Vermersch, Amy Pace, Neurology, and NCA - Neuroinflamation
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Male ,medicine.medical_specialty ,Multiple Sclerosis ,Time Factors ,International Cooperation ,Population ,Clinical Neurology ,Placebo ,Antibodies, Monoclonal, Humanized ,law.invention ,Disability Evaluation ,Natalizumab ,Randomized controlled trial ,Double-Blind Method ,law ,Internal medicine ,medicine ,Secondary Prevention ,Disease-modifying therapy ,Humans ,Immunologic Factors ,Disease activity ,Longitudinal Studies ,Glatiramer acetate ,Relapse ,education ,education.field_of_study ,Original Communication ,business.industry ,Multiple sclerosis ,Hazard ratio ,Annualized relapse rate ,Interferon-beta ,medicine.disease ,Magnetic Resonance Imaging ,Clinical trial ,Treatment Outcome ,Neurology ,Immunology ,Female ,Neurology (clinical) ,business ,medicine.drug - Abstract
In clinical practice natalizumab is typically used in patients who have experienced breakthrough disease during treatment with interferon beta (IFNβ) or glatiramer acetate. In these patients it is important to reduce disease activity as quickly as possible. In a phase II study, differences between natalizumab and placebo in MRI outcomes reflecting inflammatory activity were evident after the first infusion and maintained through a 6-month period, suggesting a rapid onset of natalizumab treatment effects. To explore how soon after natalizumab initiation clinical effects become apparent, annualized relapse rates per 3-month period and time to first relapse were analyzed in the phase III AFFIRM study (natalizumab vs. placebo) and in the multinational Tysabri® Observational Program (TOP). In AFFIRM, natalizumab reduced the annualized relapse rate within 3 months of treatment initiation compared with placebo in the overall population (0.30 vs. 0.71; p
- Published
- 2013
28. Beyond event segmentation: Spatial- and social-cognitive processes in verb-to-action mapping
- Author
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Margaret Friend and Amy Pace
- Subjects
Male ,Event (computing) ,Spatial ability ,Age Factors ,Child Behavior ,Infant ,Inference ,Verb ,Cognition ,Neuropsychological Tests ,Verbal Learning ,Developmental psychology ,Child Development ,Action (philosophy) ,Social cognition ,Child, Preschool ,Space Perception ,Noun ,Developmental and Educational Psychology ,Humans ,Female ,Social Behavior ,Life-span and Life-course Studies ,Psychology ,Demography - Abstract
The present article investigates spatial- and social-cognitive processes in toddlers' mapping of concepts to real-world events. In 2 studies we explore how event segmentation might lay the groundwork for extracting actions from the event stream and conceptually mapping novel verbs to these actions. In Study 1, toddlers demonstrated the ability to segment a novel multiaction event by selecting a single action for behavioral reenactment when prompted. In Study 2, a single action embedded in the event sequence was specified as the referent for a novel verb through cues to support intentional inference. As in Study 1, toddlers spontaneously segmented the sequence. In addition, they mapped a novel label to the embedded action specified by the novel label and intentional cues. These data are consistent with current thinking that suggests a convergence of spatial and social cognition in verb learning. In the present research, toddlers built upon event segmentation skills and used intentional inference when mapping verbs to actions embedded in the motion stream.
- Published
- 2011
29. Scientific Concepts: Development in Children
- Author
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Amy Pace and Jamie Jirout
- Subjects
Question asking ,Science learning ,Psychology ,Epistemology - Abstract
This article is a revision of the previous edition article by Z. Chen, R. Siegler, volume 20, pp. 13714–13719, © 2001, Elsevier Ltd.
- Published
- 2015
30. Clinical Significance of Gastrointestinal and Flushing Events in Patients with Multiple Sclerosis Treated with Delayed-Release Dimethyl Fumarate
- Author
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Gavin Giovannoni, Eva Havrdova, Mark Novas, Ralf Gold, Amy Pace, Krzysztof Selmaj, Vissia Viglietta, J. Theodore Phillips, Robert J. Fox, Christophe Hotermans, Leslie Meltzer, and Heather Abourjaily
- Subjects
Advanced and Specialized Nursing ,medicine.medical_specialty ,Expanded Disability Status Scale ,Dimethyl fumarate ,business.industry ,Multiple sclerosis ,Incidence (epidemiology) ,Articles ,medicine.disease ,Placebo ,Surgery ,chemistry.chemical_compound ,chemistry ,Internal medicine ,Post-hoc analysis ,medicine ,Clinical significance ,Neurology (clinical) ,business ,Adverse effect - Abstract
Background: In the phase 3 DEFINE and CONFIRM trials, flushing and gastrointestinal (GI) events were associated with delayed-release dimethyl fumarate (DMF; also known as gastroresistant DMF) treatment in people with relapsing-remitting multiple sclerosis (MS). To investigate these events, a post hoc analysis of integrated data from these trials was conducted, focusing on the initial treatment period (months 0−3) with the recommended DMF dosage (240 mg twice daily). Methods: Eligibility criteria included age 18 to 55 years, relapsing-remitting MS diagnosis, and Expanded Disability Status Scale score 0 to 5.0. Patients were randomized and received treatment with placebo (n = 771) or DMF (n = 769) for up to 2 years. Adverse events were recorded at scheduled clinic visits every 4 weeks. Results: The incidence of GI and flushing events was highest in the first month of treatment. In months 0 to 3, the incidence of GI events was 17% in the placebo group and 27% in the DMF group and the incidence of flushing and related symptoms was 5% in the placebo group and 37% in the DMF group. Most GI and flushing events were of mild or moderate severity and resolved during the study. The events were temporally associated with the use of diverse symptomatic therapies (efficacy not assessed) and infrequently led to DMF discontinuation. Conclusions: This integrated analysis indicates that in a clinical trial setting, GI and flushing events associated with DMF treatment are generally transient and mild or moderate in severity and uncommonly lead to treatment discontinuation.
- Published
- 2015
31. The Contribution of Early Communication Quality to Low-Income Children's Language Success
- Author
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Margaret Tresch Owen, Roger Bakeman, Roberta Michnick Golinkoff, Paula K. S. Yust, Lauren B. Adamson, Amy Pace, Katharine Suma, and Kathy Hirsh-Pasek
- Subjects
Low income ,Adult ,Male ,Vocabulary ,Psycholinguistics ,Developmental psychology ,Nonverbal communication ,Humans ,Interpersonal Relations ,Child ,Poverty ,General Psychology ,Parenting ,Communication ,Infant ,Human development (humanity) ,Social relation ,Mother-Child Relations ,Language development ,Child, Preschool ,Female ,Psychology ,Positive Youth Development ,Communication quality ,Social psychology ,Child Language - Abstract
The disparity in the amount and quality of language that low-income children hear relative to their more-affluent peers is often referred to as the 30-million-word gap. Here, we expand the literature about this disparity by reporting the relative contributions of the quality of early parent-child communication and the quantity of language input in 60 low-income families. Including both successful and struggling language learners from the National Institute of Child Health and Human Development Study of Early Child Care and Youth Development, we noted wide variation in the quality of nonverbal and verbal interactions (symbol-infused joint engagement, routines and rituals, fluent and connected communication) at 24 months, which accounted for 27% of the variance in expressive language 1 year later. These indicators of quality were considerably more potent predictors of later language ability than was the quantity of mothers’ words during the interaction or sensitive parenting. Bridging the word gap requires attention to how caregivers and children establish a communication foundation within low-income families.
- Published
- 2014
32. Radiologic MS disease activity during natalizumab treatment interruption: findings from RESTORE
- Author
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Ludwig Kappos, Jérôme De Seze, Amy Pace, Denise Campagnolo, Douglas Jeffery, Bianca Weinstock-Guttman, Petra Duda, Michael Kaufman, Robert J. Fox, Barry Ticho, Hans-Peter Hartung, Xavier Montalban, Ralf Gold, and Bruce A.C. Cree
- Subjects
Adult ,medicine.medical_specialty ,Neurology ,Multiple Sclerosis ,Clinical Trials and Supportive Activities ,Clinical Sciences ,Treatment interruption ,Relapsing-Remitting ,Placebo ,Gastroenterology ,law.invention ,Natalizumab ,Multiple Sclerosis, Relapsing-Remitting ,Randomized controlled trial ,law ,Clinical Research ,Recurrence ,Internal medicine ,medicine ,Humans ,Gadolinium-enhancing lesions ,Neuroradiology ,Cancer ,Neurology & Neurosurgery ,business.industry ,Multiple sclerosis ,Medical record ,Neurosciences ,Evaluation of treatments and therapeutic interventions ,medicine.disease ,Magnetic Resonance Imaging ,Surgery ,Radiography ,6.1 Pharmaceuticals ,Biomedical Imaging ,Female ,Neurology (clinical) ,business ,medicine.drug ,MRI - Abstract
The objective of this study is to characterize the timing and extent of radiologic MS disease recurrence during the 24-week natalizumab treatment interruption period in RESTORE. RESTORE was a randomized, partially placebo-controlled exploratory study. Natalizumab-treated patients with no gadolinium-enhancing (Gd+) lesions at screening (n = 175) were randomized 1:1:2 to continue natalizumab (n = 45), switch to placebo (n = 42), or switch to other therapies (n = 88) for 24 weeks. MRI assessments were performed every 4 weeks. Predictors of increased numbers of Gd+ lesions during natalizumab treatment interruption were evaluated. The numbers of Gd+ lesions were compared with retrospectively collected pre-natalizumab MRI reports and data from placebo-treated patients from two historical randomized clinical trials. Gd+ lesions were detected in 0 % (0/45) of natalizumab patients, 61 % (25/41) of placebo patients, and 48 % (39/81) of other-therapies patients during the randomized treatment period. Gd+ lesions were detected starting at week 12; most were observed at week 16 or later. Thirteen percent (14/107) of patients had >5 Gd+ lesions on ≥1 (of 6) scans during the randomized treatment period versus 7 % (7/107) of patients pre-natalizumab (based on medical record of a single scan). Younger patients and those with more Gd+ lesions pre-natalizumab were more likely to have increased MRI activity. Distribution of total and persistent Gd+ lesions in RESTORE patients was similar to placebo-treated historical control patients. In most patients, recurring radiological disease activity during natalizumab interruption did not exceed pre-natalizumab levels or levels seen in historical control patients.
- Published
- 2014
33. Natalizumab reduces relapse clinical severity and improves relapse recovery in MS
- Author
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Fred D. Lublin, Nolan Campbell, Gavin Giovannoni, Shibeshih Belachew, Gary Cutter, and Amy Pace
- Subjects
Adult ,Male ,medicine.medical_specialty ,Adolescent ,Placebo ,Antibodies, Monoclonal, Humanized ,Severity of Illness Index ,Disability Evaluation ,Young Adult ,Natalizumab ,Multiple Sclerosis, Relapsing-Remitting ,Recurrence ,Internal medicine ,Severity of illness ,medicine ,Humans ,Immunologic Factors ,Clinical severity ,Young adult ,Probability ,Expanded Disability Status Scale ,business.industry ,Multiple sclerosis ,Hazard ratio ,General Medicine ,Middle Aged ,medicine.disease ,Treatment Outcome ,Neurology ,Multivariate Analysis ,Physical therapy ,Female ,Neurology (clinical) ,business ,medicine.drug - Abstract
Compare relapse clinical severity, post-relapse residual disability, and the probability of confirmed complete recovery from relapse between patients who relapsed during natalizumab (n=183/627 [29%]) and placebo (n=176/315 [56%]) treatments in the AFFIRM trial.In this post-hoc analysis, relapse clinical severity and residual disability were defined by change in Expanded Disability Status Scale (EDSS) score occurring between pre-relapse and at-relapse assessment and between pre-relapse and post-relapse assessment, respectively. Patients were considered completely recovered from relapse when their post-relapse EDSS score was less than or equal to their pre-relapse EDSS score, and this was maintained for 12 or 24 weeks.At relapse, an increase in EDSS score of ≥0.5 points occurred in 71% of natalizumab and 84% of placebo patients (P=0.0088); an increase of ≥1.0 point occurred in 49% of natalizumab and 61% of placebo patients (P=0.0349) (mean increase in EDSS at relapse: natalizumab=0.77; placebo=1.09; P=0.0044). After relapse, residual disability of ≥0.5 EDSS points remained in 31% of natalizumab and 45% of placebo patients (P=0.0136) (mean post-relapse residual EDSS increase: natalizumab=0.06; placebo=0.28; P=0.0170). In patients with an increase in EDSS of ≥0.5 or ≥1.0 during relapse, natalizumab increased the probability of 12-week confirmed complete recovery from relapse by 55% (hazard ratio [HR]=1.554; P=0.0161) and 67% (HR=1.673; P=0.0319) compared to placebo, respectively.In AFFIRM, natalizumab treatment decreased the clinical severity of relapses and improved recovery from disability induced by relapses. These beneficial effects would limit the step-wise accumulation of disability.
- Published
- 2014
34. Early MRI activity predicts treatment nonresponse with intramuscular interferon beta-1a in clinically isolated syndrome
- Author
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Paul O'Connor, Robert Hyde, Amy Pace, Jack H. Simon, and Revere P. Kinkel
- Subjects
Adult ,Male ,medicine.medical_specialty ,Treatment response ,Adolescent ,Contrast Media ,Gadolinium ,Kaplan-Meier Estimate ,Placebo ,Gastroenterology ,Injections, Intramuscular ,Young Adult ,Adjuvants, Immunologic ,Internal medicine ,medicine ,Humans ,Treatment Failure ,Clinically isolated syndrome ,medicine.diagnostic_test ,business.industry ,Multiple sclerosis ,Hazard ratio ,Interferon beta-1a ,Brain ,Magnetic resonance imaging ,General Medicine ,Interferon-beta ,Middle Aged ,medicine.disease ,Prognosis ,Magnetic Resonance Imaging ,Confidence interval ,Surgery ,Neurology ,Disease Progression ,Female ,Neurology (clinical) ,business ,medicine.drug ,Demyelinating Diseases - Abstract
Objective Determine whether MRI activity 6 months after treatment initiation in the Controlled High-Risk Subjects Avonex ® Multiple Sclerosis Prevention Study (CHAMPS) predicted progression to clinically definite multiple sclerosis (CDMS) over the subsequent 30 months in intramuscular interferon beta-1a (IM IFNβ-1a)-treated patients vs placebo-treated patients. Methods CHAMPS patients were randomized to once-weekly IM IFNβ-1a 30μg or placebo for up to 36 months. MRI was performed every 6 months until CDMS confirmation. Patient groups were defined based on new T2 and/or Gd+ lesions at 6 months. Results Thirteen IM IFNβ-1a patients (6.7%) and 24 placebo patients (12.6%) developed CDMS prior to month 6 and did not undergo the 6-month MRI. At 6 months, 29.7% of IM IFNβ-1a-treated patients vs 40.9% of placebo-treated patients were defined as having high MRI activity levels (≥2 new T2 and/or ≥2 Gd+ lesions). In this subgroup, estimated cumulative probabilities of CDMS were similar between groups (HR=0.88 [0.44–1.77], p =0.7227). A significant treatment response was seen for patients with p =0.0120). Conclusion MRI scans 6 months after IM IFNβ-1a initiation in CIS patients predict early treatment non-response. Standardized scanning and monitoring may facilitate early disease management.
- Published
- 2014
35. Event-related potentials to intact and disrupted actions in children and adults
- Author
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Margaret Friend, Leslie J. Carver, and Amy Pace
- Subjects
Male ,media_common.quotation_subject ,Experimental and Cognitive Psychology ,Article ,Developmental psychology ,Young Adult ,Event-related potential ,Perception ,Developmental and Educational Psychology ,Humans ,Attention ,Event (probability theory) ,media_common ,Age Factors ,Infant ,Neurophysiology ,Electrophysiology ,Action (philosophy) ,Child, Preschool ,Spatial learning ,Visual Perception ,Evoked Potentials, Visual ,Female ,Psychology ,Comprehension ,Neuroscience ,Photic Stimulation - Abstract
The current research used event-related potentials (ERPs) to investigate neurophysiological responses to intact and disrupted actions embedded within an event in children and adults. Responses were recorded as children (24-month-olds) and adults observed a relatively novel event composed of three actions. In one condition pauses were inserted at intact boundaries (i.e., at the endpoint of each action), whereas in the other condition they were inserted at breakpoints that disrupted the action (i.e., in the middle of each action). Evoked responses revealed differences across conditions in both groups; disrupted actions elicited a prolonged negative slow wave from 100 to 700 ms in children, whereas adults demonstrated two distinct negative peaks between 50–150 and 250–350 ms. These findings contribute the first electrophysiological evidence that children readily detect disruptions to ongoing events by the end of the second year, even with limited exposure to the event itself. Furthermore, they suggest that adults rely on two distinct mechanisms when processing novel events. Results are discussed in relation to the role of perceptual and conceptual levels of analysis in the development of action processing.
- Published
- 2012
36. Baseline cognitive function is predictive of clinical disability progression in relapsing-remitting multiple sclerosis: a statistical approach
- Author
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Carmen Castrillo, Kartik Raghupathi, Fabio Pellegrini, J. Xiao, and Amy Pace
- Subjects
medicine.medical_specialty ,business.industry ,Multiple sclerosis ,Cognition ,medicine.disease ,Physical medicine and rehabilitation ,Neurology ,Relapsing remitting ,medicine ,Physical therapy ,Disability progression ,Neurology (clinical) ,business ,Baseline (configuration management) - Published
- 2015
37. Efficacy of natalizumab therapy in patients of African descent with relapsing multiple sclerosis: analysis of AFFIRM and SENTINEL data
- Author
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Bruce A.C. Cree, Choon H. Cha, William H. Stuart, Amy Pace, Douglas Jeffery, and Carlo Tornatore
- Subjects
Adult ,Male ,medicine.medical_specialty ,Population ,Placebo ,Antibodies, Monoclonal, Humanized ,law.invention ,Natalizumab ,Multiple Sclerosis, Relapsing-Remitting ,Arts and Humanities (miscellaneous) ,Randomized controlled trial ,law ,Internal medicine ,Post-hoc analysis ,medicine ,Humans ,education ,education.field_of_study ,business.industry ,Multiple sclerosis ,Interferon beta-1a ,Antibodies, Monoclonal ,Interferon-beta ,Middle Aged ,medicine.disease ,Clinical trial ,Black or African American ,Treatment Outcome ,Physical therapy ,Drug Therapy, Combination ,Female ,Neurology (clinical) ,business ,medicine.drug - Abstract
Background Patients with multiple sclerosis (MS) who are of African descent experience a more aggressive disease course than patients who are of white race/ethnicity. In phase 3 clinical trials (Natalizumab Safety and Efficacy in Relapsing Remitting Multiple Sclerosis [AFFIRM] and Safety and Efficacy of Natalizumab in Combination With Interferon Beta-1a in Patients With Relapsing Remitting Multiple Sclerosis [SENTINEL]), natalizumab use significantly improved clinical and magnetic resonance imaging outcomes over 2 years in patients with relapsing MS. Because patients of African descent may be less responsive to interferon beta treatment than patients of white race/ethnicity, the efficacy of natalizumab therapy in this population is clinically important. Objective To evaluate the efficacy of natalizumab use in patients of African descent with relapsing MS. Design Post hoc analysis. Setting Academic research. Patients Patients of African descent with relapsing MS who received natalizumab or placebo in the phase 3 AFFIRM study and those who received natalizumab plus intramuscular interferon beta-1a or placebo plus intramuscular interferon beta-1a in the phase 3 SENTINEL study. Main Outcome Measure Efficacy of natalizumab use in patients of African descent with relapsing MS who participated in the AFFIRM or SENTINEL trial. Results Forty-nine patients of African descent participated in AFFIRM (n = 10) or SENTINEL (n = 39). Demographic and baseline disease characteristics were similar between patients treated with natalizumab (n = 21) or placebo (n = 28). Natalizumab therapy significantly reduced the annualized MS relapse rate by 60% (0.21 vs 0.53 in the placebo group,P = .02). Compared with placebo use, natalizumab therapy also significantly reduced the accumulation of lesions observed on magnetic resonance imaging over 2 years: the mean number of gadolinium-enhancing lesions was reduced by 79% (0.19 vs 0.91,P = .03), and the mean number of new or enlarged T2-weighted lesions was reduced by 90% (0.88 vs 8.52,P = .008). Conclusion Natalizumab therapy significantly improved the relapse rate and accumulation of brain lesions in patients of African descent with relapsing MS.
- Published
- 2011
38. Comparison of the timed 25-foot and the 100-meter walk as performance measures in multiple sclerosis
- Author
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Valérie Delvaux, Amy Pace, Gustave Moonen, Isabelle Hansen, Frédéric Douchamps, Philippe Calay, Patrick Grodent, Robert Hyde, Shibeshih Belachew, Rémy Phan-Ba, and Christophe Hotermans
- Subjects
Adult ,Male ,medicine.medical_specialty ,Coefficient of determination ,Multiple Sclerosis ,Adolescent ,Intraclass correlation ,Coefficient of variation ,Walking ,Spearman's rank correlation coefficient ,Young Adult ,Physical medicine and rehabilitation ,Multiple Sclerosis, Relapsing-Remitting ,medicine ,Humans ,Gait ,Aged ,Observer Variation ,Expanded Disability Status Scale ,Receiver operating characteristic ,Reproducibility of Results ,General Medicine ,Middle Aged ,Multiple Sclerosis, Chronic Progressive ,Preferred walking speed ,ROC Curve ,Female ,Psychology ,human activities ,Psychomotor Performance - Abstract
Background. Ambulation impairment is a major component of physical disability in multiple sclerosis (MS) and a major target of rehabilitation programs. Outcome measures commonly used to evaluate walking capacities suffer from several limitations. Objectives. To define and validate a new test that would overcome the limitations of current gait evaluations in MS and ultimately better correlate with the maximum walking distance (MWD). Methods. The authors developed the Timed 100-Meter Walk Test (T100MW), which was compared with the Timed 25-Foot Walk Test (T25FW). For the T100MW, the subject is invited to walk 100 m as fast as he/she can. In MS patients and healthy control volunteers, the authors measured the test–retest and interrater intraclass correlation coefficient. Spearman rank correlations were obtained between the T25FW, the T100MW, the Expanded Disability Status Scale (EDSS), and the MWD. The coefficient of variation, Bland–Altman plots, the coefficient of determination, and the area under the receiver operator characteristic curve were measured. The mean walking speed (MWS) was compared between the 2 tests. Results. A total of 141 MS patients and 104 healthy control volunteers were assessed. Minor differences favoring the T100MW over the T25FW were observed. Interestingly, the authors demonstrated a paradoxically higher MWS on a long (T100MW) rather than on a short distance walk test (T25FW). Conclusion. The T25FW and T100MW displayed subtle differences of reproducibility, variability, and correlation with MWD favoring the T100MW. The maximum walking speed of MS patients may be poorly estimated by the T25FW since MS patients were shown to walk faster over a longer distance.
- Published
- 2011
39. Sustained improvement in Expanded Disability Status Scale as a new efficacy measure of neurological change in multiple sclerosis: treatment effects with natalizumab in patients with relapsing multiple sclerosis
- Author
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Amy Pace, Fred D. Lublin, Paul O'Connor, J. Theodore Phillips, Robert Hyde, Ernie Willoughby, Gavin Giovannoni, Chris H. Polman, Frederick E Munschauer, William Aschenbach, Neurology, and NCA - Multiple Sclerosis and Other Neuroinflammatory Diseases
- Subjects
Adult ,Male ,medicine.medical_specialty ,Pediatrics ,Antibodies, Monoclonal, Humanized ,law.invention ,Central nervous system disease ,Disability Evaluation ,Natalizumab ,Degenerative disease ,Multiple Sclerosis, Relapsing-Remitting ,Randomized controlled trial ,Quality of life ,Double-Blind Method ,law ,medicine ,Humans ,Proportional Hazards Models ,Expanded Disability Status Scale ,Proportional hazards model ,business.industry ,Multiple sclerosis ,Recovery of Function ,medicine.disease ,Neurology ,Physical therapy ,Disease Progression ,Quality of Life ,Female ,Neurology (clinical) ,business ,medicine.drug - Abstract
Background: Validated measures of sustained improvements in neurological function have not been established for multiple sclerosis (MS) clinical studies. Objective: To evaluate sustained Expanded Disability Status Scale (EDSS) change as a potential indicator of neurological improvement and as an outcome measure in MS clinical studies. Methods: Analyses were performed on patients ( n = 620) from the pivotal natalizumab study AFFIRM with baseline EDSS scores ≥2.0. Cumulative probabilities of neurological improvement, defined as a 1.0-point decrease in EDSS score sustained for ≥12 weeks, were estimated by Kaplan–Meier analysis. A Cox proportional hazards model identified associated baseline factors and examined treatment effects. Results: Sustained improvement (as well as sustained worsening) in neurological disability was seen in AFFIRM patients. Sustained EDSS changes correlated well with quality of life measurements (SF36 and VAS). Natalizumab increased the cumulative probability of improvement over 2 years by 69% versus placebo (HR = 1.69; 95% CI 1.16–2.45; p = 0.006). Sensitivity analyses showed consistent benefits of natalizumab with variations in improvement magnitude and duration, and baseline disease activity. Conclusion: These analyses demonstrate that sustained EDSS improvement is an additional measure that is sensitive to treatment effects over 2 years and correlates with quality of life. Further research is warranted to validate its use as an MS study clinical outcome.
- Published
- 2011
40. Anti-JC virus antibodies: implications for PML risk stratification
- Author
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Leonid, Gorelik, Michaela, Lerner, Sarah, Bixler, Mary, Crossman, Brian, Schlain, Kenneth, Simon, Amy, Pace, Anne, Cheung, Ling Ling, Chen, Melissa, Berman, Fairuz, Zein, Ewa, Wilson, Ted, Yednock, Alfred, Sandrock, Susan E, Goelz, and Meena, Subramanyam
- Subjects
Risk Factors ,Natalizumab ,DNA, Viral ,Leukoencephalopathy, Progressive Multifocal ,Antibodies, Monoclonal ,Humans ,Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay ,Viral Load ,Antibodies, Monoclonal, Humanized ,JC Virus ,Antibodies, Anti-Idiotypic - Abstract
A study was undertaken to establish an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) to detect JC virus (JCV)-specific antibodies in multiple sclerosis (MS) patients, and to evaluate its potential utility for identifying patients at higher or lower risk (ie, risk stratification) of developing progressive multifocal leukoencephalopathy (PML).A 2-step assay for detecting and confirming the presence of anti-JCV antibodies in human serum and plasma was developed and demonstrated to be both sensitive and specific. ELISA cutpoints were statistically established using sera from800 MS patients from natalizumab clinical studies. Subsequently, this assay was used to determine the presence of anti-JCV antibodies in natalizumab-treated PML patients where serum samples were collected 16-180 months prior to the diagnosis of PML.In our evaluation of natalizumab-treated MS patients, 53.6% tested positive for anti-JCV antibodies, with a 95% confidence interval of 49.9 to 57.3%. The false-negative rate of the ELISA was calculated to be approximately 2.5%, with an upper 1-sided confidence limit of 4.4%. Notably, we observed anti-JCV antibodies in all 17 available pre-PML sera samples, which was significantly different from the 53.6% seropositivity observed in the overall MS study population (p0.0001).This 2-step assay provides a means to classify MS patients as having detectable or not detectable levels of anti-JCV antibodies. The finding that all 17 of the pre-PML samples that were available tested seropositive, and none tested seronegative, warrants further research on the clinical utility of the anti-JCV antibody assay as a potential tool for stratifying MS patients for higher or lower risk of developing PML.
- Published
- 2010
41. Gastrointestinal tolerability events in relapsing–/INS;remitting multiple sclerosis patients treated with BG-12 (dimethyl fumarate): Integrated analysis of DEFINE and CONFIRM
- Author
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K. Selmaj, Gavin Giovannoni, Robert J. Fox, Mark Novas, Eva Havrdova, J.T. Phillips, Leslie Meltzer, Christophe Hotermans, R. Gold, Nuwan Kurukulasuriya, Amy Pace, and Katherine Dawson
- Subjects
medicine.medical_specialty ,Dimethyl fumarate ,business.industry ,Multiple sclerosis ,medicine.disease ,Gastrointestinal tolerability ,Gastroenterology ,chemistry.chemical_compound ,Neurology ,chemistry ,Internal medicine ,Medicine ,Neurology (clinical) ,business - Published
- 2013
42. Effect of neutralizing antibodies on biomarker responses to interferon beta: the INSIGHT study
- Author
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Andrew R, Pachner, John D, Warth, Amy, Pace, Susan, Goelz, and Sibyl, Wray
- Subjects
Adult ,Male ,Myxovirus Resistance Proteins ,Oxidoreductases Acting on CH-CH Group Donors ,Multiple Sclerosis ,Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay ,Antibodies ,In vivo ,GTP-Binding Proteins ,medicine ,Humans ,Immunologic Factors ,Adaptor Proteins, Signal Transducing ,biology ,business.industry ,Multiple sclerosis ,Proteins ,RNA-Binding Proteins ,Interferon-beta ,Middle Aged ,medicine.disease ,Tetratricopeptide ,Titer ,Viperin ,Immunology ,biology.protein ,Biomarker (medicine) ,Female ,Neurology (clinical) ,Antibody ,Protein A ,business ,Carrier Proteins ,Biomarkers - Abstract
Interferon beta (IFNbeta) effectively reduces disease activity in patients with multiple sclerosis (MS). Neutralizing antibodies (NAbs) can diminish or abolish the clinical efficacy of IFNbeta therapies. Biomarkers of the IFNbeta response, such as myxovirus resistance protein A (MxA), viperin, and interferon-induced protein with tetratricopeptide repeats 1 (IFIT-1), may be used to measure the in vivo effects of NAbs on IFNbeta bioactivity.In this multicenter, open-label study, antibody status was measured at screening, and then antibody status, levels of MxA, viperin, and IFIT-1 were measured at baseline (or =8 weeks after screening) and 6 months after baseline in patients with relapsing forms of MS treated with IM IFNbeta-1a, subcutaneous (SC) IFNbeta-1a, or IFNbeta-1b.Treatment with IM IFNbeta-1a was associated with a lower rate of NAb formation among 718 patients screened (p0.0001 vs SC IFNbeta-1a 22 microg, 44 microg, and IFNbeta-1b). At baseline, patients who were binding antibody positive (BAb+)/neutralizing antibody positive (NAb+) had lower MxA, viperin, and IFIT-1 response compared with BAb-negative (BAb-)/NAb-negative (NAb-) patients (all p0.0001). Analyses stratified by NAb titer level among BAb+/NAb+ patients showed diminished biomarker response in patients with NAb titers from 20 to 99 tenfold reduction units (TRU) and abolished response in patients with NAb titersor =100 TRU compared with BAb-/NAb- patients. A majority of patients BAb+/NAb+ at screening remained BAb+/NAb+ throughout the study, and biomarker responses remained consistently depressed in these patients at month 6.These data provide evidence that high titers of neutralizing antibodies abolish the in vivo response to interferon beta.
- Published
- 2009
43. Effect of statins on clinical and molecular responses to intramuscular interferon beta-1a
- Author
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Richard A. Rudick, Richard M. Ransohoff, Peter A. Calabresi, Amy Pace, Christian Confavreux, M.R.S. Rani, S. Appachi, SL Galetta, J. Shrock, S. L. Maurer, Robert Hyde, Fred D. Lublin, Ernst Wilhelm Radue, and Michael Panzara
- Subjects
Adult ,Central Nervous System ,Male ,Multiple Sclerosis ,Drug-Related Side Effects and Adverse Reactions ,Hyperlipidemias ,Pharmacology ,Injections, Intramuscular ,Jurkat Cells ,Natalizumab ,Adjuvants, Immunologic ,Interferon ,Cell Line, Tumor ,Antithrombotic ,Post-hoc analysis ,Hyperlipidemia ,medicine ,Secondary Prevention ,Humans ,Drug Interactions ,Prospective Studies ,Muscle, Skeletal ,business.industry ,Multiple sclerosis ,Experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis ,Interferon beta-1a ,Articles ,Interferon-beta ,Middle Aged ,medicine.disease ,Magnetic Resonance Imaging ,Treatment Outcome ,Immunology ,Disease Progression ,lipids (amino acids, peptides, and proteins) ,Female ,Neurology (clinical) ,Hydroxymethylglutaryl-CoA Reductase Inhibitors ,business ,medicine.drug - Abstract
Findings from a small clinical study suggested that statins may counteract the therapeutic effects of interferon beta (IFNbeta) in patients with relapsing-remitting multiple sclerosis (RRMS).We conducted a post hoc analysis of data from the Safety and Efficacy of Natalizumab in Combination With IFNbeta-1a in Patients With Relapsing-Remitting Multiple Sclerosis (SENTINEL) study to determine the effects of statins on efficacy of IFNbeta. SENTINEL was a prospective trial of patients with RRMS treated with natalizumab (Tysabri, Biogen Idec, Inc., Cambridge, MA) plus IM IFNbeta-1a (Avonex, Biogen Idec, Inc.) 30 microg compared with placebo plus IM IFNbeta-1a 30 microg. Clinical and MRI outcomes in patients treated with IM IFNbeta-1a only (no-statins group, n = 542) were compared with those of patients taking IM IFNbeta-1a and statins at doses used to treat hyperlipidemia (statins group, n = 40).No significant differences were observed between treatment groups in adjusted annualized relapse rate (p = 0.937), disability progression (p = 0.438), number of gadolinium-enhancing lesions (p = 0.604), or number of new or enlarging T2-hyperintense lesions (p = 0.802) at 2 years. More patients in the statins group reported fatigue, extremity pain, muscle aches, and increases in hepatic transaminases compared with patients in the no-statins group. Statin treatment had no ex vivo or in vitro effect on induction of IFN-stimulated genes.Statin therapy does not appear to affect clinical effects of IM interferon beta-1a in patients with relapsing-remitting multiple sclerosis or the primary molecular response to interferon beta treatment.
- Published
- 2009
44. Effect of natalizumab on clinical and radiological disease activity in multiple sclerosis: a retrospective analysis of the Natalizumab Safety and Efficacy in Relapsing-Remitting Multiple Sclerosis (AFFIRM) study
- Author
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Dusan Stefoski, Amy Pace, Michael Hutchinson, Gavin Giovannoni, J. Theodore Phillips, Steven Galetta, Paul O'Connor, Chris H. Polman, Eva Havrdova, Robert Hyde, David W. Bates, Fred D. Lublin, Richard Kim, Neurology, and NCA - Multiple Sclerosis and Other Neuroinflammatory Diseases
- Subjects
Adult ,Male ,medicine.medical_specialty ,Adolescent ,Placebo-controlled study ,Gadolinium ,Placebo ,Antibodies, Monoclonal, Humanized ,Disease-Free Survival ,law.invention ,Disability Evaluation ,Young Adult ,Natalizumab ,Multiple Sclerosis, Relapsing-Remitting ,Randomized controlled trial ,Double-Blind Method ,law ,Internal medicine ,medicine ,Odds Ratio ,Humans ,Longitudinal Studies ,Retrospective Studies ,business.industry ,Multiple sclerosis ,Antibodies, Monoclonal ,Retrospective cohort study ,Middle Aged ,medicine.disease ,Magnetic Resonance Imaging ,Clinical trial ,Rheumatoid arthritis ,Physical therapy ,Female ,Neurology (clinical) ,business ,Immunosuppressive Agents ,medicine.drug - Abstract
The efficacy of natalizumab on clinical and radiological measures in the phase III Natalizumab Safety and Efficacy in Relapsing-Remitting Multiple Sclerosis (AFFIRM) study has prompted the investigation of whether natalizumab can increase the proportion of patients with relapsing-remitting multiple sclerosis who do not have disease activity.Post-hoc analyses of data from the AFFIRM study were done to determine the effects of natalizumab compared with placebo on the proportion of patients who were free of disease activity over 2 years. Absence of disease activity was defined as no activity on clinical measures (no relapses and no sustained disability progression), radiological measures (no gadolinium-enhancing lesions and no new or enlarging T2-hyperintense lesions on cranial MRI), or a composite of the two.383 (64%) of 596 patients taking natalizumab and 117 (39%) of 301 taking placebo were free of clinical disease activity (absolute difference 25.4%, 95% CI 18.7-32.1%, p0.0001); 342 (58%) of 593 and 42 (14%) of 296 were free of radiological disease activity (43.5%, 37.9-49.1%, p0.0001); and 220 (37%) of 600 and 22 (7%) of 304 were free of combined activity (29.5%, 24.7-34.3%, p0.0001) over 2 years. The effect of natalizumab versus placebo was consistent across subgroups of patients with highly active or non-highly active disease at baseline.Disease remission might become an increasingly attainable goal in multiple sclerosis treatment with the use of newer, more effective therapies.
- Published
- 2009
45. FP33-WE-03 Effects of natalizumab treatment on sustained improvement in physical disability and quality of life in patients with relapsing multiple sclerosis
- Author
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Frederick Munschauer, Gavin Giovannoni, Robert Hyde, Chris H. Polman, Amy Pace, Paul O'Connor, J.T. Phillips, Michael Panzara, and R Kim
- Subjects
medicine.medical_specialty ,Physical disability ,business.industry ,Multiple sclerosis ,medicine.disease ,Natalizumab ,Quality of life (healthcare) ,Neurology ,medicine ,Physical therapy ,In patient ,Neurology (clinical) ,business ,medicine.drug - Published
- 2009
46. FP39-WE-02 A 15-year follow-up study to identify early predictors of long-term response to intramuscular interferon beta-1a therapy in patients with relapsing-remitting multiple sclerosis
- Author
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P. Foulds, Richard A. Rudick, Dennis Bourdette, Robert A. Bermel, Robert Hyde, Amy Pace, and Bianca Weinstock-Guttman
- Subjects
medicine.medical_specialty ,business.industry ,Multiple sclerosis ,Follow up studies ,Interferon beta-1a ,medicine.disease ,Long term response ,Neurology ,Relapsing remitting ,Internal medicine ,medicine ,In patient ,Neurology (clinical) ,business ,medicine.drug - Published
- 2009
47. The Relationship Between Phonological Awareness Skills And Home Environment Literacy in Cochlear Implant Users
- Author
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Büşra AKSU, Research Assistant
- Published
- 2024
48. Pace Yourself: How To Have Energy in an Exhausting World.
- Author
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Bates-Gomez, Whitney
- Subjects
SELF-help materials ,NONFICTION - Published
- 2024
49. Preliminary Data: Powered Mobility Intervention With Language Monitoring for Children With Cerebral Palsy.
- Author
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Nesbitt, Claire Cramer, Pace, Amy, and Feldner, Heather A.
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PILOT projects ,PSYCHOLOGY of children with disabilities ,COMMUNICATIVE competence ,CHILDREN with cerebral palsy ,LANGUAGE acquisition ,ASSISTIVE technology ,DESCRIPTIVE statistics ,RESEARCH funding - Abstract
Purpose: Adapted ride-on cars offer an affordable mobility intervention that provides broader access to a child's environment. Such newfound independence is a unique opportunity to examine changes in environmental language and communicative participation as children acquire mobility. New technologies such as the Language Environmental Analysis (LENA) system hold promise for evaluating naturalistic language interactions but have not yet been applied to children with cerebral palsy with physical and/or communication impairments. This study sought to use LENA with a sample of children with cerebral palsy to determine the feasibility of monitoring environmental language patterns during longitudinal mobility intervention. Method: LENA's adult word counts, conversational turns, and child vocalizations were compared across three time points for participants aged 16-49 months with a range of communication skills (indexed by Communication Function Classification System Levels I-IV). Results: Feasibility was established with acceptable criterion validity during active drive time. Results had large effect sizes, likely diluted by sample size and heterogeneity. Conclusions: Limitations include small sample size, nonprescriptive use of powered mobility devices, and lack of control group. Future studies should incorporate these features to more closely examine communication patterns. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2023
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
50. Duet: An Exploratory Language Intervention for Toddlers in Low-Income Households.
- Author
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Alper, Rebecca M., Luo, Rufan, Mogul, Marjie, Bakeman, Roger, Adamson, Lauren B., Masek, Lillian, Yu Chen, Paterson, Sarah, Pace, Amy, Golinkoff, Roberta M., Owen, Margaret Tresch, and Hirsh-Pasek, Kathy
- Published
- 2023
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
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