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5. The 2021 Room-Temperature Superconductivity Roadmap

Author

Lilia, B., Hennig, R., Hirschfeld, P., Profeta, G., Sanna, A., Zurek, E., Pickett, W. E., Amsler, M., Dias, R., Eremets, M. I., Heil, C., Hemley, R. J., Liu, H., Ma, Y., Pierleoni, C., Kolmogorov, A. N., Rybin, N., Novoselov, D., Anisimov, V., Oganov, A. R., Pickard, C. J., Bi, T., Arita, R., Errea, I., Pellegrini, C., Requist, R., Gross, E. K. U., Margine, E. R., Xie, S. R., Quan, Y., Hire, A., Fanfarillo, L., Stewart, G. R., Hamlin, J. J., Stanev, V., Gonnelli, R. S., Piatti, E., Romanin, D., Daghero, D., Valenti, R., Lilia, B., Hennig, R., Hirschfeld, P., Profeta, G., Sanna, A., Zurek, E., Pickett, W. E., Amsler, M., Dias, R., Eremets, M. I., Heil, C., Hemley, R. J., Liu, H., Ma, Y., Pierleoni, C., Kolmogorov, A. N., Rybin, N., Novoselov, D., Anisimov, V., Oganov, A. R., Pickard, C. J., Bi, T., Arita, R., Errea, I., Pellegrini, C., Requist, R., Gross, E. K. U., Margine, E. R., Xie, S. R., Quan, Y., Hire, A., Fanfarillo, L., Stewart, G. R., Hamlin, J. J., Stanev, V., Gonnelli, R. S., Piatti, E., Romanin, D., Daghero, D., and Valenti, R.

Abstract

Designing materials with advanced functionalities is the main focus of contemporary solid-state physics and chemistry. Research efforts worldwide are funneled into a few high-end goals, one of the oldest, and most fascinating of which is the search for an ambient temperature superconductor (A-SC). The reason is clear: superconductivity at ambient conditions implies being able to handle, measure and access a single, coherent, macroscopic quantum mechanical state without the limitations associated with cryogenics and pressurization. This would not only open exciting avenues for fundamental research, but also pave the road for a wide range of technological applications, affecting strategic areas such as energy conservation and climate change. In this roadmap we have collected contributions from many of the main actors working on superconductivity, and asked them to share their personal viewpoint on the field. The hope is that this article will serve not only as an instantaneous picture of the status of research, but also as a true roadmap defining the main long-term theoretical and experimental challenges that lie ahead. Interestingly, although the current research in superconductor design is dominated by conventional (phonon-mediated) superconductors, there seems to be a widespread consensus that achieving A-SC may require different pairing mechanisms. In memoriam, to Neil Ashcroft, who inspired us all. © 2022 The Author(s). Published by IOP Publishing Ltd.

Published
2022

16. Trace elements in shells of common gastropods in the near vicinity of a natural CO2 vent: no evidence of pH-dependent contamination

Author

McClintock, J. B., Amsler, C. D., Amsler, M. O., Duquette, A., Angus, R. A., Hall-Spencer, J. M., and Milazzo, M.

Abstract

There is concern that the use of natural volcanic CO2 vents as analogs for studies of the impacts of ocean acidification on marine organisms are biased due to physiochemical influences other than seawater pH alone. One issue that has been raised is whether potentially harmful trace elements in sediments that are rendered more soluble and labile in low pH environments are made more bioavailable, and sequestered in the local flora and fauna at harmful levels. In order to evaluate this hypothesis, we analyzed the concentrations of trace elements in shells (an established proxy for tissues) of four species of gastropods (two limpets, a topshell and a whelk) collected from three sites in Levante Bay, Vulcano Island. Each sampling site increased in distance from the primary CO2 vent and thus represented low, moderate, and ambient seawater pH conditions. Concentrations of As, Cd, Co, Cr, Hg, Mo, Ni, Pb, and V measured in shells using ICP-OES were below detection thresholds for all four gastropod species at all three sites. However, there were measurable concentrations of Sr, Mn, and U in the shells of the limpets Patella caerulea, P. rustica, and the snail Osilinus turbinatus, and similarly, Sr, Mn, U, and also Zn in the shells of the whelk Hexaplex trunculus. Levels of these elements were within the ranges measured in gastropod shells in non-polluted environments, and with the exception of U in the shells of P. caerulea, where the concentration was significantly lower at the collecting site closest to the vent (low pH site), there were no site-specific spatial differences in concentrations for any of the trace elements in shells. Thus trace element enhancement in sediments in low-pH environments was not reflected in greater bioaccumulations of potentially harmful elements in the shells of common gastropods.

Published
2018

18. Sediment concentration measurement using ADCP in a large river: Evaluation of acoustic frequency and grain size

Author

Szupiany R. N., Weibel C. L., Latosinski F., Amsler M., Ruben L. D., GUERRERO, MASSIMO, Szupiany R.N., Weibel C. L., Latosinski F., Amsler M., Ruben L. D., and Guerrero M.

Subjects
Sediment soncentration, Parana River, ADCP
Abstract

Acoustic principles appear as one of the main surrogate technologies to quantify sediment transport in large rivers, which also allows simultaneous quantification of flow, both at high spatial and temporal resolutions. While there are a large number of works dealing with this subject, further studies are necessary under natural conditions, particularly with complex grain size distributions at the cross section and under different water stages. This paper aims to evaluate this technology in a large river under different conditions of suspended sediments (i.e. grain size and washload/suspended sand ratios). For this objective, suspended sediment data were obtained with traditional methods at zones with different suspended sediment characteristics and water stages. Simultaneously, the acoustic signal was measured with two ADCP frequencies (600 and 1200 kHz). Different parameters and variables involved in the acoustic theory are analyzed. Finally, a discussion of the knowledge gaps that must be addressed in future research is presented.

Published
2016

20. Catarrhal Vaccines

Author

Attlee, W., Amsler, M., and Beaumont, D. C.

Published
1927

21. Fine Sediment Input and Benthic Fauna Interactions at the Confluence of Two Large Rivers

Author

Blettler, M. C. M., Amsler, M. L., Ezcurra Drago, I., Drago, E., Aldo Raúl Paira, Espinola, L. A., Eberle, E., and Szupiany, R.

Subjects
Ciencias Biológicas, FINE SEDIMENT LOAD, LARGE RIVER, Otras Ciencias Biológicas, SEDIMENTOLOGY, CHANNEL CONFLUENCE, CIENCIAS NATURALES Y EXACTAS, BENTHIC INVERTEBRATE
Abstract

Several studies suggest that invertebrate abundance and richness are disrupted and reset at confluences. Thus, junctions contribute disproportionately to the overall aquatic biodiversity of the river. In general terms, authors have reported high abundance and diversity due to the major physical heterogeneity atjunctions. However, data are still scarce and uncertainties are plentiful. The impact of a great input of fine sediments on the distribution patterns of benthic invertebrates at a river confluence was quantitatively analyzed herein. The junction of the subtropical Bermejo River (high suspended sediment load) with the large Paraguay River is the selected study area to achieve this aim. While diversity increased slightly downstream the junction (from 0.21 to 0.36), density and richness of the macroinvertebrate assemblage significantly diminished downstream the confluence (from 29050 to 410 ind/m2; p< 0.05) due to the input of fine sediment from the Bermejo River (mean fine sediment increased downstream from 6.3 to 10.2 mg/L), causing a negatively impact on invertebrate assemblage. This study highlights the ecological importance of the sediment input effects on benthic invertebrates, a topic still poorly explored in river ecology. It is speculated that the spatial extent of the impact would be dependent upon the hydrological and sedimentological context, highly unequal between both rivers. New hypotheses should be tested through new studies considering different hydrological stages. Fil: Blettler, Martin Cesar Maria. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico Conicet - Santa Fe. Instituto Nacional de Limnología. Universidad Nacional del Litoral. Instituto Nacional de Limnología; Argentina Fil: Amsler, Mario Luis. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico Conicet - Santa Fe. Instituto Nacional de Limnología. Universidad Nacional del Litoral. Instituto Nacional de Limnología; Argentina Fil: Ezcurra de Drago, Inés. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico Conicet - Santa Fe. Instituto Nacional de Limnología. Universidad Nacional del Litoral. Instituto Nacional de Limnología; Argentina Fil: Drago, Edmundo Carlos E.. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico Conicet - Santa Fe. Instituto Nacional de Limnología. Universidad Nacional del Litoral. Instituto Nacional de Limnología; Argentina Fil: Paira, Aldo Raul. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico Conicet - Santa Fe. Instituto Nacional de Limnología. Universidad Nacional del Litoral. Instituto Nacional de Limnología; Argentina Fil: Espínola, Luis Alberto. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico Conicet - Santa Fe. Instituto Nacional de Limnología. Universidad Nacional del Litoral. Instituto Nacional de Limnología; Argentina Fil: Eberle Folmer, Eliana Gisel. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico Conicet - Santa Fe. Instituto Nacional de Limnología. Universidad Nacional del Litoral. Instituto Nacional de Limnología; Argentina Fil: Szupiany, Ricardo Nicolas. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas; Argentina. Universidad Nacional del Litoral. Facultad de Ingeniería y Ciencias Hídricas; Argentina

Published
2016

22. Climate change and the threat of novel marine predators in Antarctica

Author

Smith, K. E., primary, Aronson, R. B., additional, Steffel, B. V., additional, Amsler, M. O., additional, Thatje, S., additional, Singh, H., additional, Anderson, J., additional, Brothers, C. J., additional, Brown, A., additional, Ellis, D. S., additional, Havenhand, J. N., additional, James, W. R., additional, Moksnes, P.‐O., additional, Randolph, A. W., additional, Sayre‐McCord, T., additional, and McClintock, J. B., additional

Published
2017
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23. High-pressure discovery of β-NiBi

Author

Powderly, K. M., primary, Clarke, S. M., additional, Amsler, M., additional, Wolverton, C., additional, Malliakas, C. D., additional, Meng, Y., additional, Jacobsen, S. D., additional, and Freedman, D. E., additional

Published
2017
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25. Benthic marine calcifiers coexist with CaCO3-undersaturated seawater worldwide

Author

Lebrato, Mario, Andersson, A. J., Ries, J. B., Aronson, R. B., Lamare, M. D., Koeve, Wolfgang, Oschlies, Andreas, Iglesias-Rodriguez, M. D., Thatje, S., Amsler, M., Vos, S. C., Jones, D. O. B., Ruhl, H. A., Gates, A. R., McClintock, J. B., Lebrato, Mario, Andersson, A. J., Ries, J. B., Aronson, R. B., Lamare, M. D., Koeve, Wolfgang, Oschlies, Andreas, Iglesias-Rodriguez, M. D., Thatje, S., Amsler, M., Vos, S. C., Jones, D. O. B., Ruhl, H. A., Gates, A. R., and McClintock, J. B.

Published
2016
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26. Benthic marine calcifiers coexist with CaCO3-undersaturated seawater worldwide

Author

Lebrato, M., Andersson, A.J., Ries, J.B., Aronson, R.B., Lamare, L.B., Koeve, W., Oschlies, A., Iglesias-Rodriguez, M.D., Thatje, S., Amsler, M., Vos, S., Jones, D.O.B., Ruhl, H.A., Gates, A.R., McClintock, J.B., Lebrato, M., Andersson, A.J., Ries, J.B., Aronson, R.B., Lamare, L.B., Koeve, W., Oschlies, A., Iglesias-Rodriguez, M.D., Thatje, S., Amsler, M., Vos, S., Jones, D.O.B., Ruhl, H.A., Gates, A.R., and McClintock, J.B.

Abstract

Ocean acidification and decreasing seawater saturation state with respect to calcium carbonate (CaCO3) minerals have raised concerns about the consequences to marine organisms, especially those building structures made of CaCO3. A large proportion of benthic marine calcifiers incorporate Mg2+ into their calcareous structures (i.e., Mg-calcite) which, in general, reduces mineral stability. The vulnerability of some marine calcifiers to ocean acidification is related to the solubility of their calcareous structures, but not all marine organisms conform to this because of sophisticated biological and physiological mechanisms to construct and maintain CaCO3 structures. Few studies have considered seawater saturation state with respect to species-specific mineralogy in evaluating the effect of ocean acidification on marine organisms. Here, a global dataset of skeletal mol % MgCO3 of benthic calcifiers and in situ environmental conditions (temperature, salinity, pressure, and [CO32-]) spanning a depth range of 0 m (subtidal/neritic) to 5500 m (abyssal) was assembled to calculate in situ seawater saturation states with respect to species-specific Mg-calcite mineral compositions (?Mg-x). Up to 20% of all studied calcifiers at depths <1200 m and approximately 90% of calcifiers at depths >1200 m currently experience seawater mineral undersaturation with respect to their skeletal mineral phase (?Mg-x<1). We conclude that as a result of predicted anthropogenic ocean acidification over the next 150 years, the predicted decrease in seawater mineral saturation, will expose approximately 50% (<1200 m) and 100% (>1200 m) of all studied calcifying species to seawater undersaturation. These observations underscore concerns over the ability of marine benthic calcifiers to continue to construct and maintain their calcareous structures under these conditions. We advocate that ocean acidification tipping points can only be understood by assessing species-specific responses, and because of

Published
2016

28. Benthic marine calcifiers coexist with CaCO 3 ‐undersaturated seawater worldwide

Author

Lebrato, M., primary, Andersson, A. J., additional, Ries, J. B., additional, Aronson, R. B., additional, Lamare, M. D., additional, Koeve, W., additional, Oschlies, A., additional, Iglesias‐Rodriguez, M. D., additional, Thatje, S., additional, Amsler, M., additional, Vos, S. C., additional, Jones, D. O. B., additional, Ruhl, H. A., additional, Gates, A. R., additional, and McClintock, J. B., additional

Published
2016
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31. Semi-automatic test generation for tandem learning

Author

Klenner, M, Clematide, S, Amsler, M, and University of Zurich

Subjects
10105 Institute of Computational Linguistics, 410 Linguistics, 000 Computer science, knowledge & systems
Published
2011

35. Long-term Hydrologic Variability in a Large Subtropical Floodplain River: Effects on Commercial Fisheries.

Author

Rabuffetti, A. P., Górski, K., Espínola, L. A., Abrial, E., Amsler, M. L., and Paira, A. R.

Subjects
FRESHWATER fishes, HYDROLOGY, PROCHILODUS lineatus, CLIMATE change, FLOODPLAIN ecology, FRESHWATER ecology
Abstract

We analysed the effects of decadal and annual hydrologic fluctuations on freshwater fisheries catches in the Middle Paraná River for a period of six decades from the 1930s to the 1980s. The climatic fluctuations in this period strongly affected the hydrology of the Middle Paraná River and the characteristics of its flow regime. The magnitude of floods as well as maximum, minimum and mean water levels increased progressively from 1930s until the 1980s concomitantly with increasing frequency and intensity of El Niño Southern Oscillation events that resulted in differentiation of distinct hydrological periods. The flood pulses were significantly more frequent and of greater magnitudes during the 1970s and 1980s. These large floods resulted in increased commercial fish catches in the 1980s, possibly because of enhanced recruitment. Specifically, large floods increased the commercial fish catches 2 years later. This effect was stronger for species that use floodplain habitats as areas of reproduction and larval nurseries, such as Prochilodus lineatus. We conclude that the natural flow regime of the Paraná River and perhaps other large subtropical rivers must be preserved in order to sustain their productive fisheries. Copyright © 2016 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Published
2017
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39. Semi-automatic test generation for tandem learning

Author

Klenner, M; https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2452-6894, Clematide, S; https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1365-0662, Amsler, M, Klenner, M; https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2452-6894, Clematide, S; https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1365-0662, and Amsler, M

Abstract

We introduce a Web-based CALL architecture that facilitates the construction of learner-customized multiple choice tests in a cross-lingual tandem language learning environment. Mistakes made by the learner are manually corrected and classified by his tandem partner, who acts as a tutor. If the learner has problems to identify and correct his mistakes, or if he likes to practice, he can generate two kinds of tests that are automatically produced on the basis of the tutor’s error classifications. We describe the NLP components behind our test generator, give a preliminary evaluation of the quality of the generated tests, and present the current state of our Web application.

Published
2011

41. Sedimentación de finos en el entorno del embalse de Salto Grande en el Río Uruguay

Author

Mangini, S., Prendes, H., Huespe, J., Amsler, M., Piedra Cueva, I., Mangini, S., Prendes, H., Huespe, J., Amsler, M., and Piedra Cueva, I.

Abstract

[ES] La Universidad Nacional del Litoral (Santa Fe, Argentina) y la Universidad de la República (Montevideo, Uruguay), realizaron mediciones y estudios relacionados con un control de la sedimentación en el embalse de Salto Grande, sobre el Río Uruguay. El trabajo cumplió con el doble propósito de: por una parte, atender a un servicio técnico; y por otra, obtener información imprescindible para el desarrollo de proyectos de investigación y de una tesis de doctorado, sobre sedimentación de limos y arcillas en ambientes fluviales. En el presente artículo se describen resumidamente los estudios realizados, se analizan los resultados obtenidos y presenta la morfología y dinámica muy particular de los depósitos acumulados en determinados sectores localizados en el antiguo cauce, dentro del embalse. Además, se aportan conclusiones preliminares sobre mecanismos de sedimentación por floculación, como así también sobre procesos de resuspensión y desplazamiento de sedimentos, observados dentro del mismo lago.

Published
2007

43. Benthic marine calcifiers coexist with CaCO3-undersaturated seawater worldwide.

Author

Lebrato, M., Andersson, A. J., Ries, J. B., Aronson, R. B., Lamare, M. D., Koeve, W., Oschlies, A., Iglesias-Rodriguez, M. D., Thatje, S., Amsler, M., Vos, S. C., Jones, D. O. B., Ruhl, H. A., Gates, A. R., and McClintock, J. B.

Subjects
SEAWATER, ACIDIFICATION, CALCIUM carbonate, MARINE organisms, MINERALOGY
Abstract

Ocean acidification and decreasing seawater saturation state with respect to calcium carbonate (CaCO3) minerals have raised concerns about the consequences to marine organisms that build CaCO3 structures. A large proportion of benthic marine calcifiers incorporate Mg2+ into their skeletons (Mg-calcite), which, in general, reduces mineral stability. The relative vulnerability of some marine calcifiers to ocean acidification appears linked to the relative solubility of their shell or skeletal mineralogy, although some organisms have sophisticated mechanisms for constructing and maintaining their CaCO3 structures causing deviation from this dependence. Nevertheless, few studies consider seawater saturation state with respect to the actual Mg-calcite mineralogy (ΩMg- x) of a species when evaluating the effect of ocean acidification on that species. Here, a global dataset of skeletal mole % MgCO3 of benthic calcifiers and in situ environmental conditions spanning a depth range of 0 m (subtidal/neritic) to 5600 m (abyssal) was assembled to calculate in situ ΩMg- x. This analysis shows that 24% of the studied benthic calcifiers currently experience seawater mineral undersaturation (ΩMg- x < 1). As a result of ongoing anthropogenic ocean acidification over the next 200 to 3000 years, the predicted decrease in seawater mineral saturation will expose approximately 57% of all studied benthic calcifying species to seawater undersaturation. These observations reveal a surprisingly high proportion of benthic marine calcifiers exposed to seawater that is undersaturated with respect to their skeletal mineralogy, underscoring the importance of using species-specific seawater mineral saturation states when investigating the impact of CO2-induced ocean acidification on benthic marine calcification. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Published
2016
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