Search

The COVID-19 outbreak has impacted almost every facet of life, including education. Technology has almost entirely replaced conventional face-to-face teaching and learning environment. This public health calamity has hastened the digitisation of education, which was previously only provided without a repellent component. Cloud computing is widely used in education, notably higher education, to provide online access and share teaching resources, educational information, notes, lectures, and academic assessments. But, while observing technology's grandeur, are people prepared to accept an avalanche of information resources and open online access via cloud-based services? Thus, this study investigated users' readiness and acceptability of cloud computing in Higher Education Institutions (HEIs). Using the Structural Equation Modelling analysis, this study surveyed 470 individuals from Malaysian HEIs using the Technology Acceptance Model and Technology Readiness Index models. Perceived Ease of Use and Perceived Usefulness is positively relevant in understanding why a user chooses cloud computing. The environment of the learning process and the security factors are positive predictors of cloud computing use intention. Optimism and Innovativeness have been demonstrated to impact technology acceptance factors substantially. On the other hand, Discomfort and Insecurity do not affect technology acceptance, except for Insecurity, which negatively affects Perceived Usefulness. This research adds to the growing knowledge about technology readiness and acceptance, especially after a pandemic hits the world.

Penyakit kardiovaskular atau cardiovascular disease (CVD) menduduki peringkat teratas penyebab kematian di dunia. Diperkirakan sekitar 17,9 juta jiwa meninggal akibat CVD pada tahun 2019, yang menyumbang sebanyak 32% dari seluruh kematian global. Penting untuk mendeteksi kelainan pada jantung sedini mungkin untuk mencegah kematian karena CVD. Peningkatan kesadaran tentang pentingnya pemantauan kesehatan diri sendiri telah mendorong perkembangan teknologi pemantauan kesehatan portabel. Dalam penelitian ini, kami mengusulkan model prediksi detak jantung berbasis Long Short-Term Memory (LSTM) dengan menggunakan fitur RR-Interval dan mengimplementasikan pada perangkat Raspberry Pi. Model berbasis LSTM merupakan salah satu jenis arsitektur jaringan saraf tiruan yang mampu menangani data berurutan dengan baik, sehingga sangat cocok untuk pemantauan dan prediksi detak jantung yang bersifat sekuensial. Raspberry Pi dikenal karena ukurannya yang kecil, harga yang terjangkau, kinerja yang andal, dan efisiensi komputasi yang baik. Raspberry Pi juga memungkinkan integrasi yang mudah dengan berbagai sensor, menjadikannya solusi yang cocok untuk pemantauan kesehatan yang portabel. Hasil penelitian ini menunjukkan bahwa model klasifikasi yang diusulkan memiliki kinerja yang baik dengan tingkat akurasi mencapai 96,66%. Implementasi inferensi pada Raspberry Pi juga menunjukkan performa yang baik, dengan waktu 4,82 detik untuk melakukan inferensi data sepanjang 100 detik, serta penggunaan memori sebesar 134,8MB. Abstract Cardiovascular diseases (CVDs) rank as the top cause of global death. An estimated 17.9 million people succumbed to CVDs in 2019, constituting 32% of all global deaths. Detecting heart abnormalities as early as possible is crucial to prevent CVD-related fatalities. The growing awareness of the importance of self-health monitoring has driven the development of portable health monitoring technologies. In this study, we propose a Long Short-Term Memory (LSTM)-based heart beat prediction model using RR-Interval as features and implement it on the Raspberry Pi device. LSTM models are a type of artificial neural network architecture known for their ability to handle sequential data effectively, making them highly suitable for sequential heart rate monitoring and prediction. The Raspberry Pi is renowned for its compact size, affordability, reliable performance, and efficient computational capabilities. It also enables seamless integration with various sensors, making it an ideal solution for portable health monitoring. This research show that the proposed classification model performs well, achieving an accuracy rate of 96.66%. The implementation of inference on the Raspberry Pi also demonstrates good performance, with an average inference time of 4.82 seconds for processing 100 data points and a memory usage of 134.8MB.

The COVID-19 pandemic has altered nearly every aspect of life, including education. Technology has replaced face-to-face teaching and learning nearly totally. This health disaster has accelerated digitization in the world of education, which was previously only available without a repulsive factor. Cloud computing technology has been widely used in education, including higher education, enabling teaching resources, educational information, notes, lectures, and academic assessments to be accessed and shared online. Yet, in celebrating the greatness of technology, are users ready to accept an explosion of information resources and access openly online through cloud-based services? Thus, this research will investigate the Higher Education Institution (HEI) users' readiness and acceptance of cloud computing. The research employs the Technology Acceptance Model (TAM) and Technology Readiness Index (TRI) model together with Structural Equation Modeling (SEM) to investigate 470 individuals from HEIs in Malaysia. Perceived Ease of Use and Perceived Usefulness are found to be positively significant in explaining why a user decides to use cloud computing. Optimism and innovativeness have found to affect the factors of technology acceptance significantly. In contrast, discomfort and insecurity do not affect technology acceptance factors, except for insecurity that negatively impacts Perceived Usefulness. This study contributes to another finding to studying technology readiness and acceptance, especially in higher education.

Mobile Banking can generally be interpreted as an m-commerce application that is supported by mobile technology and products that make it easier for customers to process banking services using mobile phones, including being accessible using smartphones, tablets, smart watches and various other advanced technologies. Banking services are provided by the company to support the course of bank-related activities to customers in order to make it easier for customers to make transactions. This is useful to support the smooth storage and distribution of capital, which is directly related to deposits and credit as well as indirectly. Knowing the effect of Brand Image, Product Quality and Price on Customer Loyalty of Livin by Mandiri application is the purpose of this research. A total of 100 respondents were obtained who had been adjusted to the criteria of being over 17 years old and were users of the Livin by Mandiri application, Where in getting the respondent using the purposive sampling method. In this study, several tests were carried out such as the Validity Test, Reability, Classical Assumptions, T-Test and F-Test. The result of this study is that all variables have a positive impact on customer loyalty, this shows that the better the brand image, product quality and the more affordable the price that can be provided by the company, the more customer loyalty will increase.

Pengawasan detak jantung umumnya dilakukan secara individual, dalam waktu terbatas, dan memerlukan perangkat medis yang spesifik. Dengan memanfaatkan sensor Polar H10 dan Raspberry Pi penelitian ini mengusulkan sebuah sistem yang mampu memonitor detak jantung beberapa orang sekaligus dalam waktu yang sama. Dalam penelitian ini, kami merekam data detak jantung yang berupa RR Interval dari beberapa subjek secara real-time menggunakan sensor Polar H10. Data tersebut kemudian diprediksi menggunakan model machine learning berbasis random forest yang berjalan pada Raspberry Pi untuk prediksi 5 jenis detak jantung. Selanjutnya kami melakukan pengujian dari segi komputasi, durasi pemantauan, dan jangkauan komunikasi antara sensor Polar H10 dan Raspberry Pi. Hal ini kami lakukan untuk mengetahui kemampuan sistem dalam melakukan pemantauan subjek secara bersamaan dan jangkauan komunikasi. Sehingga subjek yang sedang pantau tidak terpaku dalam satu tempat atau tidak perlu selalu dekat dengan sistem. Hasil dari pengujian yang kami lakukan, dengan satu Raspberry Pi dapat melakukan pemantauan ke 7 pasien sekaligus, dengan rata-rata kecepatan prediksi 0,023 detik terus menerus selama 30 menit. Sedangkan jangkauan komunikasi mencapai 25-meter pada lingkungan tanpa penghalang dan 10-meter pada lingkungan yang terhalang. Dapat disimpulkan sistem yang diusulkan mampu memberikan fleksibilitas pemantauan detak jantung, serta memungkinkan pemeriksaan bebeberapa individu sekaligus dengan durasi yang lama.

Tyrosinase is a key enzyme in melanogenesis and its inhibitors have become increasingly because of their potential activity as hypopigmenting agents which have less side effects. Nipa palm vinegar is an aqueous product that is normally used as a food supplement. The aim of this study was to study the determination of antioxidant activity and tyrosinase inhibitory activities of aqueous extract of original nipa palm vinegar (AE O-NPV), nipa palm vinegar powder (NPV-P) and aqueous extract of nipa palm vinegar powder (AE NPV-P) were examined. Nipa palm vinegars were evaluated the phenolic and flavonoid content, and the active compounds which were submitted to molecular docking and molecular dynamic simulation, chemoinformatics, rule of five, skin absorption and toxicity. The highest phenolic and flavonoid contents in the AE O-NPV were 2.36 ± 0.23 mg gallic acid equivalents/g extract and 5.11 ± 0.59 mg quercetin equivalents/g, and the highest ABTS radical cation scavenging activity was also found. The AE O-NPV, NPV-P and AE NPV-P showed anti-mushroom tyrosinase activity. The HPLC analysis showed that there were vanillic acid and three flavonoids (catechin, rutin and quercetin). The molecular docking study revealed that the binding of the vanillic acid and three flavonoids occurred in the active site residues (histidine and other amino acids). Moreover, the number of hydrogen bond acceptors/donors, solubility, polar surface area and bioavailability score of the vanillic acid and three flavonoids were acceptable compared to Lipinski’s Rule of Five. The molecular dynamic simulation showed that vanillic acid interacts with HIS284 through π–π stacking hydrophobic interactions and forms a metal-acceptor interaction with the copper molecule at the tyrosinase active site. All compounds revealed good skin permeability and nontoxicity. Nipa palm vinegar could be a promising source of a new ingredient for tyrosinase inhibition for cosmetics or pharmaceutical products.

Highlight Research • The sound of d spiny lobster (Panulirus homarus) was identified, named rasp; slow rattle; and popping sound • The sound characteristics of spiny lobster (Panulirus homarus) represent its behavior • Passive acoustic and visual record method combination was implemented to analyze the relation between sounds and behavior of spiny lobster (Panulirus homarus) Abstract Spiny lobster Panulirus homarus is one of many important economic fishery resources in Indonesia. Continuous exploitation activities in the natural habitat can potentially disturb the sustainability of lobster resources. This species is known to produce sound with certain characteristics and highly dependent on environmental changes. This study aimed to investigate the characteristics of sound as a representation of behaviour. The sound produced by P. homarus was recorded for 24 hours using a hydrophone (a passive acoustic technique). The hydrophone converts the sound wave produced by the lobsters into electric voltage in millivolts, then were converted to a digital number, in order to be saved in a virtual format with the *.wav extension. The video system captured data on behaviors of resting, territoriality, aggression, and social attitudes. The results showed that P. homarus emitted rasp, slow rattle, and popping type of sound, with certain characteristics. All sounds types were characterized by a broadband frequency (4 - 20 kHz), and a source level ranging from 125 - 145 dB re 1 µPa. Rasp sound consisting of 12 - 40 pulses with a sound duration of 100 - 400 ms, represents a defensive behavior. Slow rattle sound with 2 - 7 pulses did not represent a specific behaviour and it is dominant during the night. However, the popping sound with only one pulse represented feeding behavior.

Anthropogenic activities have the potential to put pressure on the marine environment. Crude oil was one of the pressure that give rise to any response of the aquatic organism, such as sound. This study aimed to analyze the sound productivity of spiny lobster Panulirus homarus (Linnaeus, 1758) in waters contaminated with crude oil. Observation of lobster sound was carried out on a laboratory scale using the passive acoustic method. A hydrophone and Closed Circuit Television (CCTV) camera coupled with a decoder and personal computer used to record the movements and sounds of P. homarus during the treatment of crude oil at concentrations 1; 5; 10 and 100 mgL-1. The result showed that crude oil contamination in water was impacted the sound productivity of P. homarus. In the low concentration of crude oil (1 - 5 mgL-1), P. homarus was responded with more sound produced. Afterwar, until concentration off 10 mgL-1, the response of P homarus showed different between individuals. In the 100 mgL-1 concentration, the sound productivity of all P. homarus was decreased. Based on this study, we concluded that the sound of P. homarus has the potential as an indicator of water pollution. Keywords: Panulirus houmarus, crude oil, fish sound

Highlight Research • The value of Leaf Area Index (LAI) and Normalized Different Vegetation Index (NDVI) have a strong relationship. • Estimated mangrove leaf biomass and carbon stock in mangrove can be known through the Leaf Area Index (LAI) value. • Each mangrove pixel can absorb the different carbon. • Increasing the diameter of the tree trunk shows the more CO2 absorbed by the tree. Abstract Worldwide global warming occurs because of increasing carbon dioxide (CO2) in the atmosphere. Segara Anakan, the largest mangrove forest in Java Island, has the highest potential as a carbon sink in the tropics. This study aimed to quantify the area and density of mangrove forests in Segara Anakan and to estimate their potentials as carbon sink based on Sentinel-2A imagery. In this study, data from Sentinel 2A satellite imagery was processed and validated with field survey results. The results showed that Segara Anakan had mangrove forests covering an area of 5,481.64 ha in 2019 with the sparse density covered 706.92 ha, medium density covered of 2,526.80 ha, and high density covered 2,848.60 ha. The results of mangrove density were validated using Table Confusion Matrix and using correlation coefficient value (r) by comparing field measurement and Normalized Difference Vegetation Index (NDVI) algorithm. The accuracy for mangrove density was 86.92% with r-value 0.85. Mangrove in Segara Anakan has the ability to absorb 8.56 Mega gram of carbon per hectare. Segara Anakan mangroves have the potential to absorb high level of carbon, so we should maintain their sustainability.

The mangrove zoning and landscape express the correlation between mangrove vegetation (density, biodiversity and species distribution) with environment factors like as water inundation, seatide, and soil properties. The research was conducted in Segara Anakan Lagoon to analysis community structure and mangrove landscape based on species distribution, biodiversity, environment factors, and mangrove zoning. The results showed that (a) Segara Anakan Lagoon had 4 mangrove zone's were dominated by Sonneratia alba, Rhizophora mucronata, Avicennia marina, Rhizophora apiculata, Rhizophora styllosa, and Nypa frutican; (b) the structure of ecosystem was showed by trend of mangrove ecosystem with equation y = 35.34x2 923.85x + 12817 with x = time (year) and y = mangrove area (ha), mangrove density between 1333367 ind ha-1 (West Segara Anakan) and 899–567 ind ha-1 (East Segara Anakan), dominated species were Nypa frutican, Rhizophora stylosa, Rhizophora apiculata, and Aegiceras corniculatum and mangrove biodiversity between 2,572,65 (moderate); (c) structure of environment factor showed single and semi double-type tides, water debit between 0.360.73 m s-1; water depth between 0.20–23.7 m and water inundation between 480cm; soil texture was clay and loam, soil nitrate of 1.5 mg 100 g-1, soil phosphate of 1.5 mg 100 g-1, C organic of 1.31%, soil pH of 6–7, and soil salinity of 6.5–10 ppt.

Software-Defined Networking (SDN) memungkinkan penerusan paket data secara terprogram dalam sebuah jaringan dengan mendefinisikan rincian flow dalam flow table setiap switch jaringan. Namun, kapasitas flow table adalah sumber daya yang terbatas, sehingga memerlukan pengelolaan yang cermat untuk hal ini. Artikel ilmiah ini membahas pengelolaan flow table dengan metode penghapusan rincian flow secara dinamis (dynamic flow removal) untuk mencegah terjadinya flow table overflow pada SDN. Dynamic flow removal yang dimaksud adalah dengan melakukan pemantauan flow expiry dan secara selektif melakukan penghapusan rincian flow yang sudah tidak lagi aktif sehingga dapat mengurangi jumlah okupansi rincian flow pada flow table. Penghapusan rincian flow secara selektif akan dipicu setiap kali kapasitas flow table hampir penuh. Implementasi dynamic flow removal dilakukan dengan studi kasus aplikasi server load-balancing berbasis round-robin pada SDN dengan framework Ryu, Mininet, dan modifikasi kapasitas flow table pada OpenvSwitch. Hasil pengujian menunjukkan bahwa penerapan metode yang diusulkan mampu mencegah terjadinya flow table overflow dengan 100% rincian flow aktif dapat menempati flow table tanpa menyebabkan kegagalan komunikasi client-server. Abstract Software-Defined Networking (SDN) enables programmable packet forwarding by defining flow rules in the flow table of each network switch. However, the flow table capacity is a limited resource that requires careful management. This paper discusses the implementation of dynamic flow removal in managing flow tables in an OpenFlow-based SDN switch to prevent flow table overflow. Dynamic flow removal is realized by monitoring flow expiry and selectively removing flow rules that are no longer active to reduce the number of flow rules in the flow table. Selective removal of flow rules will be triggered whenever the flow table capacity is almost full. Dynamic flow removal was implemented using a case study of a round-robin-based load-balancing server application on SDN with Ryu framework, Mininet, and a modified flow table space in OpenvSwitch. The evaluation results indicate that the proposed method can prevent flow table overflow while maintaining 100% of active flow rules in the flow table without compromising client-server communication.

The existence of shipping activities can produce noise with certain characteristics as a main source of noise pollution in the waters. This research aimed to study the sound characteristics (frequency and sound pressure levels) of various type of commercial vessels crossing the Nusakambangan Strait, its relationship to the distance, and their potential impact to the marine biota. Noise frequency and sound pressure level were determined by spectral and envelope analysis from sound recording by hydrophone, while the type of vessel that produces noise and the distance from receiver were analyzed based on video recording. Relationship between frequency and sound pressure level to the distance were analyzed using simple linear regression. Results showed that frequency of noise is varied more clearly compared to the sound pressure level (1,7 – 20 kHz and 93.8 -117.8 dB re 1 μPa respectively) for each type of vessel (ro-ro ferry, small fishing boat, small ferry, tug boat and pilot boat) based on the size of the ship, engines type and power, loading capacity and vessels speed. Sound characteristics changed based on distance, where the frequency of sound increases (0.04 – 34.28 Hz.m-1) and different things for sound pressure level (0.04 – 0.11 dB dB re 1 μPa m-1). Estimated source level also differ from one ship to another (105 – 128 dB dB re 1 μPa). The existence of ship noise has the potential impacts on the presence of marine biota in these waters.

Benthic foraminifera are types of organisms that are sensitive to environmental changes, so they are often used as a bioindicator for aquatic environmental conditions. The purpose of this study was to determine the community structure of benthic foraminifera community, sediment types and the relationship between the abundance of foraminifera with the sediment types in the eastern waters of Segara Anakan Lagoon in Cilacap. Method used in this study was a survey method. Samples were taken by using random sampling method. The study was conducted at 5 stations with 3 repetitions. Laboratory observations carried out included the types and numbers of benthic foraminifera. Community structure of foraminifera among stations were analyzed using one-way ANOVA, while the relationship between community structures and water quality parameters was analyzed using Pearson correlation. The results showed that in the the eastern waters of Segara Anakan Lagoon there were 58 species of foraminifera which abundance ranged from 532 ind/m2 to 927 ind/m2. The diversity index of foraminifera was in the medium to high diversity categories. The uniformity index of foraminifera was in the high uniformity in a stable community. The dominance index of foraminifera was in the low category. The sediment types was fine sand, medium sand and coarse sand. The relationship between the abundance of foraminifera with the sediment types was strong with high R values (0.763-0.809).

Sediments are particles derived from the dismantling of rocks from the land and pieces of shell and remains of marine organisms that contain organic matter, included carbonate sediment. The total carbonate sediment content was influenced by many factors, such as sediment grain type. This study aimed to determine the carbonate content in sediments and to determine their relationship to the sediment grain characteristic on the Cilacap coast. The sediment's carbonate content used the titration method, while the sediment grain test used a dry filter. Statistical analysis was used to determine the sediment grain characteristic (mean, sorting, skewness, and kurtosis). The results showed that sediments' total carbonate content had a range of 1.93% - 6.23%, with an average of 4.21%. Sediments are dominated by fine sand with very well sorted, very platykurtic, and very fine skewed characteristics. The relationship between sediment grain characteristics and total sediment carbonate content showed a good correlation due to the sorting factor. Other parameters such as mean size and skewness have been shown a low correlation, whereas kurtosis has a shallow relationship with carbonate content.

The abundance of phytoplankton and zooplankton have correlation with mangrove conditions in coastal area. The mangrove degradation give negative impact for abundance and diversity phytoplankton and zooplankton. The research aimed to analysis and construct prediction model of abundance and biodiversity of phytoplankton and zooplankton in mangrove ecosystem. The research used the transect method (to determine mangrove density), filtering method (to analyze abundance of phytoplankton and zoopankton) and statistical method (to develop estimation modeling of plankton abundance). The results showed that (1) the mangrove density between 250 trees/Ha - 1250 trees/Ha (2) the phytoplankton abundance were 10.675 Indv/L (in mangrove rarely) - 24.290 indv/ L (in mangrove high density), (3) the zooplankton abundance were 261 Indv/L (in mangrove rarely) - 2.204 indv/L (in mangrove high density) (4) The modelling analysis showed that (1) the phytoplankton abundance (y) = 0.0303 x2 - 22.059 x + 13004 and (2) the zooplankton abundance (y) = 0.0057x2 – 5.39 x + 1458.2, with x = mangrove density Keywords: phytoplankton and zooplankton, mangrove density, abundance, estuary and lagoon

This research is classroom action research, which aims to improve student learning outcomes on the material of creative writing poetry through a strategy of cooperative learning type of jig-saw. The research instrument used was a test of learning outcomes essay form as much as 3 grains of matter to the cycle I and 3 grains of matter to the second cycle as well as the observation sheet/studied those daycare centers on the activities of the learning process. Instrument observation sheet is used to measure the learning process while the test is used to measure the learning outcomes. To the results of the study to solve the problems of creative writing poems with the standard indicators of minimum completeness individuals of ≥ 75 and in classical ≥ 85% meet the standard of completeness. The subject of this research is the students of class VII-2 SMP Negeri 2 Rantau Utara, as many as 38 people. The results of the study concluded that the process of learning the subject matter of creative writing poem by using the strategy of cooperative learning type of jig-saw can : 1) Improve the Response and Enthusiasm to better master the learning materials on the subject matter of these. 2) Support the creation of a condition of active learning, creative and fun (CTL). 3) Improve student learning outcomes.

Infantile spasms (IS) and Lennox-Gastaut syndrome (LGS) are epileptic encephalopathies characterized by early onset, intractable seizures, and poor developmental outcomes. De novo sequence mutations and copy number variants (CNVs) are causative in a subset of cases. We used exome sequence data in 349 trios with IS or LGS to identify putative de novo CNVs. We confirm 18 de novo CNVs in 17 patients (4.8%), 10 of which are likely pathogenic, giving a firm genetic diagnosis for 2.9% of patients. Confirmation of exome-predicted CNVs by array-based methods is still required due to false-positive rates of prediction algorithms. Our exome-based results are consistent with recent array-based studies in similar cohorts and highlight novel candidate genes for IS and LGS.

Background Probiotics can release bioactive substances known as postbiotics, which can inhibit pathogenic microorganisms, improve immunomodulation, reduce antioxidant production, and modulate the gut microbiota. Methods In this study, we evaluated the in vitro antimicrobial effects, antioxidant activity, and anti-inflammatory potential of 10 lyophilized cell-free supernatants (LCFS) of Lactobacillus isolates. LCFS was obtained via centrifugation and subsequent lyophilization of the supernatant collected from the culture medium ofeach isolate. The antibacterial and antibiofilm activities of the LCFS were determined using broth microdilution. The antioxidant potential was evaluated by measuring the total phenolic and flavonoid contents and 2,2-Diphennyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) and 2,2’-azinobis(3-ethylbenzothiazoline-6-sulfonic acid) radical cation (ABTS+) radical scavenging activities. Results All the isolates were able to inhibit the four tested pathogens. The isolates exhibited strong antibiofilm activity and eradicated the biofilms formed by Acinetobacter buamannii and Escherichia coli. All the prepared Lactobacillus LCFS contained phenols and flavonoids and exhibited antioxidant activities in the DPPH and ABTS+ radical scavenging assays. The MTT (3-[4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl]-2,5 diphenyl tetrazolium bromide) assay revealed that LCFS was not cytotoxic to RAW 264.7 cells. In addition, the ten Lactobacillus LCFS decreased the production of nitric oxide. Conclusions All the isolates have beneficial properties. This research sheds light on the role of postbiotics in functional fermented foods and pharmaceutical products. Further research to elucidate the precise molecular mechanisms of action of probiotics is warranted.

Emerging evidence indicates that epileptic encephalopathies are genetically highly heterogeneous, underscoring the need for large cohorts of well-characterized individuals to further define the genetic landscape. Through a collaboration between two consortia (EuroEPINOMICS and Epi4K/EPGP), we analyzed exome-sequencing data of 356 trios with the "classical" epileptic encephalopathies, infantile spasms and Lennox Gastaut syndrome, including 264 trios previously analyzed by the Epi4K/EPGP consortium. In this expanded cohort, we find 429 de novo mutations, including de novo mutations in DNM1 in five individuals and de novo mutations in GABBR2, FASN, and RYR3 in two individuals each. Unlike previous studies, this cohort is sufficiently large to show a significant excess of de novo mutations in epileptic encephalopathy probands compared to the general population using a likelihood analysis (p = 8.2 × 10(-4)), supporting a prominent role for de novo mutations in epileptic encephalopathies. We bring statistical evidence that mutations in DNM1 cause epileptic encephalopathy, find suggestive evidence for a role of three additional genes, and show that at least 12% of analyzed individuals have an identifiable causal de novo mutation. Strikingly, 75% of mutations in these probands are predicted to disrupt a protein involved in regulating synaptic transmission, and there is a significant enrichment of de novo mutations in genes in this pathway in the entire cohort as well. These findings emphasize an important role for synaptic dysregulation in epileptic encephalopathies, above and beyond that caused by ion channel dysfunction.

The negative impacts of the COVID-19 pandemic have motivated an unprecedented level of global advocacy for gender-responsive and gender-transformative social protection systems that buffer individuals from shocks and vulnerabilities. This turn to a systems approach reflects growing recognition that the presence of one or two social protection programmes targeting women does not guarantee that they are protected throughout the course of their lives and over a wide range of contingencies. Relative to the high levels of interest, however, very little empirical evidence exists about what a gender-responsive or transformative social protection system entails in practice. This article departs from existing literature that focuses on the design and impact of discreet social protection instruments, to present a 'state of the evidence' on gender and social protection systems. Drawing on the results of a phased scoping review of academic and policy literature spanning various fields, the article charts the defining features of the existing evidence base, summarizes what is known and identifies pathways for future research. In addition to scholarly analysis, the article offers a comprehensive view of the evidence for policymakers, practitioners, movement leaders and funders working on policy problems from a gender perspective. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]