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The focus of the study was on moods and modality in virtual communication. The purposes of the research were to analyze the moods and modalities used by the lectures for virtual teaching to evaluate the manner of the moods and modalities realized in virtual teaching and to investigate reasons underlying the use of moods and modalities in virtual teaching. The sources of data for this research were verbal and nonverbal language from the interactions of virtual teaching. The data were utterances and gestures produced by the lecturers. The research design was qualitative research. The data were collected through recorded videos, observations, interviews, and questionnaires. The techniques of analyzing the data were applying interactive data analysis: data condensation, data display, and drawing and verification conclusion. It was found that the lectures used various kinds of moods. The declarative mood was dominantly used. In terms of modality, both modalization and modulation types of modality were used. The value of the modality selected was low, medium, and high. The manner of the mood system was realized by both marked and unmarked ones. The modalities were realized through the integration of verbal and verbal modalities. The modalities were used to manage the classroom and create a pleasant and understandable teaching and learning atmosphere. The result of this study gives a new insight into the function of language in teaching through online mode.

Ecolinguistcs study is becoming more popular year by year since many researcher, linguists, and other experts do some researches. Wendel’s (2005:51) definition of ecolinguistics formulated that the ecological approach to language takes into consideration the complex network of relations occurring between environment, languages and people speaking these languages. Since ecolinguistics related to environment, language and people speaking the language, this research is aimed to discuss about the local languages, Hokkian and Tio Cu related to the environment. The data used in this article is the lexical items for fauna and flower. After conducting small observastion, the researcher concludes that the knowledge of lexical items for flora and fauna in local languages, Hokkian and Tio Cu, is less because of environment factors. This means that the language of Hokkian and Tio Cu had been influenced by Bahasa Indonesia as national language. This happened as in the era before the year of 2000, Chinese were not allowed to use their Chinese name, languages (Mandarin or local languages), culture, etc.

The research formulates and explains the structure, the value, and the norms of disclosing local wisdom in the structure text of TS (Simalungunese 'turiturian' folklore). The narrative text identifies words, paragraphs, phrases, based on the structural text as Orientation ^ Sequence of event (crisis and climax) ^ Resolution ^closure. It is analyzed by using LSF (Functional Systemic Linguistics) text structure which is realized into narrative text structure by using FI (Ideational Function). Oral text sees the establishment of text, co-text, and context in the study of local wisdom. The research design uses interactive modal with descriptive qualitative, using documentary study paradigm in the content analysis in four TS Text. The type of narrative text finds the form of irregular structure texts is identified by the symbol of brackets ([]) which can occur in every stage in the TS text: (Abstract) ^ Orientation ^ ([Evaluation]) ^ Complication ^ Resolution ^ (Code). Ideational function indicates more dominant data in each stage of the proportion of material process of 85.7%, circumstance location of 80% so that para-tactical multiple logic us 1x2 60%. This proportional data indicates that there are 16 verbal words in material data, circumstance data indicate data location which modify 12 location data, logic meaning data indicate that the data taken from verbal data are identified with conjunctions such as that, then, (and) after that, for that, etc. Value and norms contained in the TS text which dominate every text are the values of hard work, togetherness, and discipline. The local wisdom is found in the value and norms of the people's custom described as the forms of behavior and custom in the TS Text. Therefore, this discussion is a unit which also discusses the structure and values of the local cultural wisdom.

This study aimed at investigating the perceptions of tertiary students about online learning strategies in the Remote Learning Environment during the Covid-19 pandemic era. The method used in this research was a descriptive qualitative method by using a survey to collect the data from 20 tertiary students’ perceptions of their online learning strategies in rural areas during this pandemic era. The results indicated that students agreed with online learning strategies with digital platforms but they are still confused about how to learn and access them. Virtual meetings declined students’ motivation to learn because of bad access to the internet in their areas. Using Video Conferences is more flexible because it can be used wherever whenever. Online learning still becomes the best learning strategy in this pandemic, but access to the internet in rural areas must be improved. Tertiary students need access to the internet and infrastructure and instructional materials design especially applied in this pandemic era. In conclusion, online learning strategies by using digital platforms still become the best solution to be applied in the remote learning environments during this Covid-19 outbreak, even there are some obstacles still existed.

The objective of this study was to find out the elements of experiential and logical function in nominal group structure of male and female undergraduate student’s thesis title of male and female students. This study applied qualitative research design. The data of the study was the nominal groups on undergraduate thesis title of State University of Medan students who have finished the last assignment in 2017, 2018, 2019, 2020 and 2021, majoring in English Education. The source of the data was taken from official site Digital Repository State University of Medan (digilib.unimed.ac.id). The results revealed that based on experiential function, there were Deictic, Classifier, Thing and Qualifier with no Numerative and Epithet, Thing/Head absolutely found in every title; and based on logical function, Premodifier, Head and Postmodifier found in all titles. This result showed that there was difference in male and female titles that female dominated the quantity and used more various elements in both functions.

This study aimed at designing a valid, practical and effective MT-BMLE model in English language learning for elementary learners. A developmental research by Plomp used as the research method to fulfill some criteria in learning model components: learning syntax, social system, management reaction principle, support system and instructional impacts. The design of MT-BMLE learning model is intended to produce three final products: learning model book, teaching kits and research instruments. There were four main stages applied in conducting this developmental research, namely: Preliminary Research, Design and Prototype, Realization and Evaluation. As the result, this study produced a valid, practical and effective MT-BMLE Model in English language learning for elementary learners in rural learning area by providing English Lesson Plans, teaching materials, teachers and students’ guide books, students’ worksheets and teaching media designed by the teachers. Consequently, students are more active in English learning, increasing vocabulary mastery and having high positive responses to learn English in remote learning environment. The implication of this study encourages students to increase vocabulary mastery in English language learning. Further researches are recommended to implement this MT-BMLE learning model for higher level of education to improve foreign language students’ language skills.

This study was concerned with the types of transitivity system elements in CNN Online News. The objectives of this descriptive qualitative study were to discover: (1) the types of transitivity system, (2) the realization of transitivity system, and (3) the reasons for transitivity system realized in CNN Online News. The data of this study were clauses that consist of a transitivity system in 10 Covid-19 Online News taken from CNN Online News. The results of the study showed that: 1) CNN Online News realized all the types of process: Material, Mental, Relational, Behavioral, Verbal, and Existential process. The dominant process was Material Process. It was realized 214 (50,47%). CNN Online News realized participants: Actor, Goal, Sayer, Carrier, Attribute, Verbiage, Senser, Phenomenon, Target, Existing, Existence, Behaver, Token, Value, Receiver, Behavior, and Range. Actor and Goal were dominantly realized in the clauses of CNN Online News, there were 167 (26,38%) of Actor and 141 (22,27%) of Goal. The most dominant was Actor, and CNN Online News realized circumstances: Location, Cause, Manner, Accompaniment, Extent, Matter, Angle, and Role. It was realized 193 (60, 50%). The dominant was Location; 2) There were congruent realization and incongruent realization of transitivity system. The most dominant realization was congruent realization; 3) The reason why the types of transitivity system realized in CNN Online News is based on the context of the situation related to the field. Field stand for three entries, namely arena/social activity [+institutionalized/-institutionalized], participant’s characteristics [person/social] and semantic domain [+specialized/-specialized]. The most dominant was arena/social activity, especially [-institutionalized]. Keywords: Metafunction, Transitivity System, Online News, CNN

This study was aimed to develop humanitarian project-based material for productive written language skills subject for English Education Study Program at UNIMED. Research and Development (R&D) was the design of this study with the subjects of the study were 25 students of first semester students of English Education Study Program at UNIMED. The research procedures were adapted from Borg and Gall’s research theory (1983) namely 1)gathering data and information, 2)need analysis, 3)designing course material, 4)validating and evaluating new course material by the Experts, 5)revising the course material and 6)final product. The instruments of collecting the data were questionnaire, interview and expert judgement questionnaire. The data were analyzed qualitatively and quantitatively.. Based on the result of the expert judgement, the whole aspects of developed materials were in the range of 81-100% and were categorized as “very good”.

This study aims to determine the developing. The form of teaching materials used by teachers is still based on textbooks provided in schools, namely books from the Ministry of Education and Culture. Another factor that influences the lack of developed teaching materials is creativity to plan, prepare and make teaching materials. This is also confirmed in Prastowo's book (2015: 14), that the general paradigm and perception inherent among educators is that making teaching materials is a difficult and stressful job. So, the teacher is reluctant to think about finding out how to develop teaching materials. This research was conducted at the Pulau Rakyat Private Junior High School, Asahan Regency, North Sumatra to grade VII students. The implementation of this research was carried out in the even semester of 2019. The results of the effectiveness of teaching materials for writing descriptive text based on local wisdom of Pulau Rakyat on a limited trial were 32 students of class VII of the Private Island Private Junior High School, namely the results of the pretest trial obtained an average score of 69.5 with sufficient category. Meanwhile, the student learning outcomes after using the teaching materials to write descriptive texts based on the local wisdom of the Island of the People / postest with an average score of 77.3 in a good category.

This study aims to develop teaching materials for writing short stories based on experience to facilitate students in writing short text. The learning approach offered by researchers is considered appropriate for writing short text material because it can help students to easily express their ideas in writing short stories by linking the material with the context of their daily lives. In addition, experience is the best teacher because from experience one can learn. Experience is a memory that is recorded and stored as a story that forms a filter of perception that ultimately guides behavior. The results of this study indicate that the effectiveness of teaching short story writing lessons based on experiences developed for 7th grade student of junior high school 2 Kejuruan Muda was stated to be more effective than student handbooks. The results of the acquisition of student learning outcomes before and after using teaching materials have increased quite significantly by 8.28. The average score of students before (pretest) using teaching materials learning experiences writing short stories based on experience 74.43 and the average value of post (testing) using teaching materials learning writing short stories based on experience 82.71.

Indonesia is famous for various culture that attracts many tourists from several part of the world to have a visit. Besides having numerous culture, Indonesia is flourished with different ethnics, too, such as the Javanese, the Bataknese, the Indian and the Chinese. Every ethnic speak with different language, but formally the national language is Indonesian language. In this study, the researcher, who derives from Chinese ethnic and resides in Medan, has taken interest in preserving her mother tongue which is Hokkien language. Hokkien language is an informal language which is used by the Hokkien speakers to communicate with one another. In maintaining language, the researcher focuses on the phenomena that happens lately, the researcher feels that Hokkien language is not important for some of the young family in Medan, they teach their children the other language that develops immensely throughout people life. Even though some still maintain Hokkien language, the researcher feels that children do not put any interest in speaking their mother tongue. This will give negative impact to the language existence. The problem in this study is concerned with factors influencing the preservation of Hokkien language. The presentation of the data described in qualitative descriptive method and this study conducted through field survey with interviews and observation. The findings revealed that there are two kinds of language maintenance between young speakers and old speakers. The former has lesser effort in maintaining the language, while the latter has stronger effort. Despite the difference, all of Hokkien speakers still make use of the language in their daily activities. Other factors are the language status of Hokkien language as the mother tongue as well as the identity of Hokkien ethnic, the pride of the culture, and the solidary among Hokkien speakers.

This study was aimed at finding out the ideational meaning on traditional wedding ceremony Horja Haroan Boru Tapanuli Selatan (HHBTS) and to elaborate the reason for the use of verbal components from three side namely Mora, Kahanggi and Anak boru. The analysis of this studyused qualitative analysis, and the theory used was from M.A.K. Halliday (1985, 1994 and 2004). This study found that the language being used by three participants (Kahanggi, Mora and Anakboru) namely; Kahanggi is dominantly used material activities, Mora and anakboru are dominantly used Mental and behavioral activities. Moreover, these three participants shows their position while Kahanggi as the host of the ceremony, anakboru as the supporter who take the responsibility in preparing the stuff in every steps of ceremony, while mora has the power to give advice, suggestion, permission and rejection in that ceremony

This study deals with the realizations of violation maxims of main characters in Keluarga Beti comedy series. The objectives of the study were to describe realization of violation maxims used by main characters in Keluarga Beti comedy series. This research was conducted by qualitative design. The data were sentences of main characters which were violated. The data source of this research was taken from Keluarga Beti comedy series that was obtained from the video on YouTube. The finding of the data showed eleven realizations of violation maxim of main characters in Keluarga Beti comedy series as understating, overstating, using tautologies, contradiction, using irony, give hints, give association clues, be ambiguous, overgeneralize, and overstating and be ambiguous. The most dominant realization of violation maxim was being ambiguous. The less dominant realized of main characters in Keluarga Beti comedy series were understating and give association clues. The absence of the realizations of main characters in Keluarga Beti comedy series were metaphor, presuppose, and be vague. The researcher also found other realizations were unrelated statement and combination of overstating and be ambiguous. Keywords:Violation Maxims, Main Characters, Comedy, Keluarga Beti Comedy Series.

This research deals with the development of teaching material in writing fable story texts with children's film assistance for grade vii in junior high school 6 Tambusai Utara Rokan Hulu Riau, 2018/2019. Teaching material of fable story text with children's film assistance are designed according to the development and age of students so that they can contribute to the emotional and moral development of students. The sample of this study were 32 students of seventh grade of in junior high school 6 Tambusai Utara Rokan Hulu Riau. The conclusion was teaching material with children's film assistance which developed can train students to learn independently with minimal help from the teacher. The role of the teacher is only as a facilitator who guides and directs students to learning fable story texts.

The objective of the study is to investigate the effect of learning Discourse Analysis (DA) by applying metaphorically-based materials. Both the design of qualitative and quantitative study is applied in the present study with 60 student subjects of English Literature Study Program ofthe Faculty of Languages and Arts Universitas Negeri Medan, Indonesia. The subjects were divided into two groups: Experimental and Control Group, each with 30 sudents which is parallel in terms of level of intellectuality and learning facilities. The Control Group studentswere taught the lecture of DA by applying conventional material and model of learning or lecturing whereas the Experimental Group were taught by applying metaphorically-based materials of DA. The students’ achievements were obtained by administering the test and the scores of the two groups were compared and processed by applying t-test at the significance level of a = 0.05 with two-tailed test. It is found that the t-obs value is 2.764 exceeding or being greater than that of the t-tab value of 2.00 (2.764>2.000) where the Ho is rejected implying that the Ha is accepted verifying that learning the lecture of DA is significantly more effective by using metaphorically-based materials than by applying conventional materials or lecturing.

This work analyzes the verbal semiotics resources used for advertising cigarette in Indonesia. Descriptive qualitative method was used in this study. The data of this study are verbal semiotics resources (oral and written) used for cigarette advertisement. From the result of this work, it is seen that in ideational function, material process was dominantly used in advertising cigarette on TV, and in interpersonal function, speech function was dominantly used in advertising cigarette on TV. Key words: Verbal, semiotics, cigarette, advertisement, ideational, interpersonal, Indonesia.

Disintegration is now internally threatening Indonesia. It is assumed that the problem is caused by cultural misunderstanding. The cultural misunderstanding has resulted in intolerance and radicalism of group ideology. For years Indonesia with its 250 million populations has been peacefully living together with Pancasila ideology in which unity in cultural diversities is highly appreciated and respected. The root of problem lies in the practice of education and obviously the best solution is through education. One of the solutions to the problem is by integrating critical literacy principles in the field of Englsih language learning. Principles of critical multicultural and global literacy can be integrated in English language learning. Theory of systemic functional linguistic (SFL) is in line with and contributes to the principles of critical literacy. This paper combines principles of critical literacy and those of SFL in developing language learning materials. It is expected that by integration of critical literacy principles and those of SFL in the practice of English language education, Indonesia can avoid disruptions of national disinttegration and regain national unity in harmony.

This research article investigates thematic development used on Sunday sermon texts in Batak Christian Protestant Church that were delivered by the preachers. Based on systemic functional linguistics with the framework of textual function, this research article focus on analysing how the thematic development constructed and construed on Sunday sermon texts. In addition, this research article looks and discusses how the preachers used and adapted the thematic development in delivering the Sunday sermon texts. This study was a descriptive qualitative. Model interactive data analysis was used in analysing the data. There were seventeen texts of Sunday sermon texts that were analyzed in this research article. The findings of this research article showed that only five patterns of thematic developments that were found from eight patterns of thematic development. This research article highlights how the usage of thematic development in delivering the Sunday sermon texts. It is also recommended that another preachers use thematic development in delivering their sermon to the congregation in understanding the sermon they delivered.

The objectives of this study are to describe the interaction between the results of teaching by audio visual and audio teaching media, and motivation towards the students’ listening. The research design was experimental research by using factorial design 2x2. There were 64 students from grade eighth in 2020/2021 academic year of SMP Al Washliyah 8 Medan as sample of this research. The students were divided into two groups. The first group was treated by using audio visual media and the second group was treated by using audio media. The motivation test was conducted for classifying the students upon the high and low motivation by using questionnaire. Students’ achievement in listening was measured by using multiple choice tests. The data were analyzed by applying Two-ways ANOVA, the results revealed that students’ listening achievement taught by using audio visual media significantly higher than that taught by using audio media and students’ listening achievement with high motivation was higher than students with low motivation. There was significant interaction between dual teaching media and motivation on the students’ listening achievement with F observed is lower than F table at the level significance α = 0.05 (F obs = 1.76 < F tab = 2.81) however, the value of significant level is α = 0.19 higher than 0.05. Thus, both teaching media and motivation significantly affect the students’ listening achievement. Keyword s: Teaching Listening, Audio Visual Media, Audio Media, Motivation, Listening Achievement .

DEVELOPING ENGLISH READING MATERIALS BASED ON PROBLEM BASED LEARNING FOR VOCATIONAL STUDENTS OF COMPUTER NETWORK ENGINEERING IN SMK CINTA RAKYAT PEMATANG SIANTAR * Benny Saragih ** Prof. Amrin Saragih, M.A., Ph.D. ABSTRACT Saragih, Benny, Registration Number: 2133121015, Developing English Reading Materials Based on Problem Based Learning for Vocational Students of Computer Network Engineering in SMK Cinta Rakyat Pematang Siantar. A Thesis. English Education Program, State University of Medan, 2020. This research was aimed to develop appropriate reading materials based on Problem Based Learning for the eleventh-grade students of Computer Network Engineering program in SMK Cinta Rakyat Pematang Siantar. This study was conducted by using the Research and Development design through five phases, such as; a. gathering information and data, b; analyzing data, c. designing new materials, d. validating by experts, and e. developing the final product. The subject of this study was the eleventh-grade computer network engineering students of SMK Cinta Rakyat Pematang Siantar. The data were collected from the existing textbook, syllabus, interview with English teacher and distributing questionnaires for 25 students. Based on the need analysis, it was concluded that the students were in need of appropriate reading materials which are related to computer science, particularly in form of procedure texts. In response to this information, some relevant and appropriate reading materials were developed, namely; a. How to start Windows PowerShell, b. Installing Avast Antivirus, c. How to Create Ad-hoc Connection, and d. Troubleshooting Computer Problems. These developed procedure text have been revised and validated by a team of experts which consisted of an English lecturer and an English teacher before acquiring the final product. The first expert evaluated the final product with a score of 4.12 from the total of 5 points. The second expert evaluated the final product with a score of 4.03 from the total of 5 points. Based on the Likert scale, the final product is categorized as suitable with students‟ need. Therefore, the developed reading materials are considered appropriate for the eleventh-grade students of Computer Network Engineering program in SMK Cinta Rakyat Pematang Siantar. Keywords: Research and Development, Vocational School, English for Specific Purposes, Computer Network Engineering

Indonesia was well known for the variety of tribes, traditional languages, society and culture. It triggered to conduct this research that concerned to social stratification and Karonese register in giving pedah pedah perjabun. The problem of this research was how far the Karonese register change in this modern era or whether there were any differences among society group in Karonese traditional wedding ceremony. Based on this problem, this research aimed to 1) investigate the types of social stratification in traditional wedding ceremony of Karonese, 2) describe the reflections of social stratification toward the Karonese register, and 3) explain Karonese register in traditional wedding ceremony. This research was conducted by using descriptive qualitative design. The data were taken from Karonese register in traditional wedding ceremony and the source of data was Karonese native speaker who involved in traditional wedding ceremony. This research showed that 1) the interaction of Karonese society in traditional wedding ceremony stratifies Karonese people into four divisions. They are kalimbubu and anak beru that categorized as closed social stratification and sembuyak and teman meriah that categorized as opened social stratification, 2) social stratification were reflected through the differences and similarity form of register .Kallimbubu and anakberu used formal register as the most dominant regiser while sembuyak and anak beru used consultative register as the most dominant, and 3) the cause of Karonese register in traditional wedding ceremony was caused by register with reference to field that covered factor of arena and register with reference to tenor that cover formality and status. Keywords: Karonese Register, Pedah Pedah Perjabun; Social Stratification

This study investigates Interpersonal Metaphor in R.S. Regin Silvest and Malini Ganapathy’s Anthology of Covid-19 Poems. The objectives of the study are (1) to analyze the kinds of interpersonal metaphor applied in R.S. Regin Silvest and Malini Ganapathy’s Anthology of Covid-19 Poems, (2) to describe how the interpersonal metaphor applied in R.S. Regin Silvest and Malini Ganapathy’s Anthology of Covid-19 Poems, (3) and to explain the reason for the realization of interpersonal metaphor in R.S. Regin Silvest and Malini Ganapathy’s Anthology of Covid-19 Poems. This study conducted qualitative research, and as the result of fifty poems there are thirty five Poems of Covid-19 that indicate as Interpersonal Metaphor. Result revealed that there were sixty-three Interpersonal metaphor found in this study namely, Interpersonal metaphor of Mood were thirty-seven and Interpersonal Metaphor of Modality were twenty-six, Interpersonal Metaphor of Mood applied in the Speech Function, namely, Question in Declarative Mood were 18 (49%), Command in Declarative Mood were 13 (35%), Statement in Interrogative Mood were 5 (13%), Question in Imperative Mood 1 (3%), And Interpersonal Metaphor of Modality applied in kinds of modality namely, Modalization were 14 (54%) and Modulation were 12 (46%). From thirty five poems of Covid-19 which consist of Interpersonal Metaphor, there were four meanings and messages found, Expressing the fear of Covid-19 were 15 (43%), Expressing advice and lesson about Covid-19 11 were (31%), Delivering the spirit and positive energy during Covid-19 Pandemic were 5 were (14%) and Expressing hope for better days were 4 (12%).

This study discusses indirect descriptive expressions in the poem The Charge of the Light Brigade by Alfred, Lord Tennyson use semiotics theory of Riffaterre. This study aims to, (a) to describe the kinds of indirect descriptive expressions used in the poetry The Charge of the Light Brigade by Alfred, Lord Tennyson, (b) to explain the realization of indirect descriptive expressions realized in the poetry The Charge of the Light Brigade by Alfred, Lord Tennyson, (c) to explain the reasons of indirect descriptive expressions realized in the ways they are. This research is a qualitative descriptive study. The data source used in this study is in the form of words, phrases, clauses and sentences from the poem. The results of this study, namely there are 8 Metaphors and 7 Metonymy in displacing of meaning; 6 Ambiguous, 2 Contradictions, and 4 Nonsense in distorting of meaning; 16 rhymes, 12 enjambments, and 6 typography in creating of meaning. Keywords: Indirect descriptive expressions; Semiotic; Poetry

The objectives of this study are to investigate the semiotic meanings applied in cigarette advertisement, to analyze how the meanings are coded verbally and non-verbally, and to reason why it is used in the ways they are. This study was conducted by using qualitative design. The data for the study were clauses and phrases drawn from selected billboard advertisement of cigarettes in Medan. The verbal data analyzed with linguistic devices and textual analysis of Leech theory and visual grammar of Kress and Van Leeuwen, as theoretical framework. The results showed that (1) cigarette advertisements do not express explicitly their intention to suggest people to smoke either verbally on non-verbally due to government policy, but it representing relation between the verbal and non-verbal expression byelaborating, manipulating and exaggerating. (2) the use of declarative sentence/phrase in the cigarette advertisement are used to manipulate potential buyer/smoker by conveying information or suggestion to the smoker about the quality of the product or the profit it may bring whether it is true or not. The meanings of cigarette advertisement are also coded by using brief persuasive words with their own unique means, while the visual resources as color, pictures, symbols and icons, gaze and posture show the sense of wonderful taste of life, togetherness, enjoyment, creativity, and courage, (3) In the whole, the study emphasizes the vitality of visual and linguistic elements as important communication devices in advertising especially in cigarette advertisement which forbids to demonstrate, use, and/or display the form or forms of smoking or other designations and forbid to include the name of the product in question is smoking.

In accordance with translation, the metaphors must be translated very carefully in order to avoid misunderstanding. Larson (1984:250) states that If metaphors from source language are translated literally into the target language, they will often be completely misunderstood. Because the translation cannot simply reproduce, or be, the original. In fact, in the folklores there are still literally in translating the text. The aims of this study were to describe the realization of translation strategies in the translation live metaphors in the Sumatera Folklores. The research was conducted by using qualitative design. The data of this study were live metaphors in the Sumatera Folklores. The source of data were 15 folklores in Sumatera. The data were collected through documentary technique and the instrument for collecting the data was documentary sheet. The technique of data analysis was descriptive. The findings of this study revealed that the realization of translation strategies in live metaphors in the Sumatera Folklores into English by applying two process, namely: Single Strategy (91.83%), Double Strategies (8.16%). Metaphors often become the problem in translation and in accordance with translation, the metaphors must be translated from source language (SL) into target language (TL) in order to avoid misunderstanding. Keywords: Translation Strategies, Live Metaphor, Sumatera language, Folklores

The title of this thesis is Racism in Terry George’s Movie Hotel Rwanda. This study is aimed to analyze what kinds of Hutu’s oppressions occurred in the movie, and what are linguistically realized toward racism. The writer applies the theories from Iris Marion Young about oppression in black America society (1990).Based on its form, Young was divided oppression into 5 types, they are (1) exploitation, (2) marginalization,(3)powerlessness, (4) culture imperialism, and (5) violence. Racism is a belief or doctrine that inherent differences among the various human races determine cultural or individual achievement. Oppression is when a person or group in a position of power controls the powerless in cruel and unfair ways. The writer focuses on the analysis of oppression based on Hotel Rwanda script, and finally oppression is found as the most dominant thing that the depict racism in the movie.. Keywords: oppression , racism

"The Covid-19 Outbreak"Can an applied linguist contribute towards human civilization?

Manusia menggunakan bahasa untuk memenuhi kebutuhannya. Dengan motivasi ke tujuan penggunaannya, teks terstruktur sesuai dengan tujuan penggunaan bahasa. Satu aspek penggunaan bahasa adalah pengodean objektif. Pengodean objektif dapat terjadi di dalam berbagai bidang, seperti di dalam ungkapan budaya dan pantun. Pengodean objektif dalam makalah ini dibatasi sebagai penyampaian makna atau konsep dengan menggunakan sumber daya bahasa dengan makna yang dikodekan atau disampaikan itu sama bagi semua orang. Sebagai sumber daya semiotik, bahasa memiliki sejumlah unsur atau elemen untuk pengodean makna atau konsep objektif. Satu dari sumber daya itu adalah penggunaan alam atau kosa kata yang bertaut dengan alam, yang selalu digunakan dalam ungkapan budaya, seperti peribahasa dan pantun. Makalah ini membicarakan pemakaian bahasa yang objektif dengan rujukan kepada alam atau kosa kata alam di dalam ungkapan budaya dan pantun. Kata kunci : semiotik, pantun

This study dealt with lexical cohesive devices in News Story Text of Daily Analisa . It employed descriptive qualitative research method. The news story textsis analyzed using cohesive devices theory by Michael Halliday and Ruqaiya Hasan. This study was aimed to analyze: (1) The kinds of Lexical Cohesive Devices which are used in News story texts of the Daily Analisa (2) How Lexical Cohesive devices used in News story text of The Daily Analisa. The result shows that not all lexical cohesive devices types are used in news story text. The findings are only has three types of the cohesive devices in the text. Based on the analysis, the lexical cohesive devices ties in the text construct the unity as well as the context in the text. in the other words, the lexical cohesive devices makes the text function in which it is embedded. It can be said that the lexical cohesive devices create the coherence of the text Keywords: c oherence, c ontext, daily Analisa , discourse analysis ,lexical cohesive devices, news story texts

This research aims to explore local wisdom of taboos in Karo language. Taboo is more than prohibitions and avoidance in tradition; it normally arises from social restrictions on individual behaviour that can lead to inconvenience and danger. Taboo was created as a control for community to avoid personal and family conflict. The research was conducted in five sub-districts of Karo, North Sumatra Province, Indonesia. It was carried out by using a qualitative approach with ethnographic methods. The data of local wisdom were obtained from the interview method from nine key informants who mastered and used Karo language and culture well in their daily activities and the writer played a role as the native speaker so that he could directly feel how the culture was implemented in the daily lives of Karo society. It was found that the local wisdoms of taboos in Karo culture were attitude and eagerness to do the best for the community, since taboo rules provide a picture for them about how to express dignified words and behave glorious deeds and how to avoid mentioning disgusting words and behaving impolite manners. The rules become controls for social harmony to be maintained properly. Taboo rules were imposed not to make the society difficult to communicate with each other, but to provide a sense of security and peace for them so that they can live peacefully and harmoniously.

One of the basic mediums in the interaction between doctor and patient in the treatment room is language. This paper, hence deals with the conversation in doctor-patients interaction in Pirngadi General Hospital in Medan, Indonesia. Clauses in the conversations were adopted as the main research data. The analysis is based on the theory of Systemic Functional Linguistics pioneered by Halliday (2004). The research was conducted by applying top-down approach from the analysis of the consultation in terms of context of situation that is concerned with register variables covering field, tenor and mode. Then, the analysis further focuses on the experiential function in terms of transitivity system covering the analysis of the processes used the participant functions involved and the interpersonal function covering mood and modality. The study was conducted by using descriptive qualitative method with triangulation. It refers to the use of multiple methods or data sources in qualitative research to develop a comprehensive understanding of phenomena. Triangulation is viewed as a qualitative research strategy to test validity through the convergence of information from different sources. The results of the analysis have revealed that social relation exists in the language used by the doctor and the patient in their interaction in which the doctor has more power over the patient.

Translation is essentially a process of transfer of ideas from the source language (SL) into its equivalences in the target language (TL). In the process of translation, a good translator should understand the relevant techniques to translate a text especially a text which has many cultural terms and connotations. In this respect, the aims of this study were to find out translation techniques applied by the translator while translating Mandailing Folklore Anak Na Dangol Ni Andung into English and to elaborate on the quality of the translation. To this end, a descriptive approach to assess qualitative data from relevant documents was employed. The findings of the study revealed that the translator used different techniques for translating cultural terms such as- literal translation (34.8%), pure borrowing (23.9%), addition (15.2%), transposition (10.9%), description (6.5%), deletion (4.3%), amplification and reduction, both of them formed (2.2%) of the data. On the quality of the translation aspect, the results of this study indicate that 50% of the translation was assessed as accurate whereas 50% of the translation was found to be as less accurate. In terms of acceptability, 77.3% of the translation was acceptable whereas 22.7% was termed as less acceptable. On the aspect of readability, 86.4% was rated with high readability and 13.6% with medium readability. Thus, the study has certain implications for translators while translating cultural aspects in the text using appropriate techniques to maintain good quality of the translation.

This study is about how to formulate the translation technique applied by the translator in translating Mandailing Folklore Anak Na Dangol Ni Andung into English, to identify the translation technique used in translating Anak Na Dangol Ni Andung into English, and to know the quality of translation in translating Anak Na Dangol Ni Andung into English. The purpose of this study were to (1) formulate the translation technique that was applied by the translator in translating Mandailing Folklore Anak Na Dangol Ni Andung into English, (2) identify the translation technique that was used in translating Anak Na Dangol Ni Andung into English, and (3) know how the quality of translation in translating Anak Na Dangol Ni Andung into English. The research findings are as follows. First, this study found that in translating the text Anak Na Dangol Ni Andung into English discovered the existence of two techniques, namely single translation technique 9,1% and dual translation technique 90,9%. Second, the results showed that from 22 data consists of 50% data is an accurate translation and 50% less accurate translation. Meanwhile, 77.3% were acceptable and 22.7% less acceptable. From the aspect of its readability, 86.4% had high readability and 13.6% had medium readability. From the results of this research of 22 data sources analyzed, it was identified that the quality of the translation is accurate, acceptable and has a high degree of readability.