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Cornelia de Lange's syndrome (CDLS) is a multisystem genetic syndrome characterized by well-defined physical, intellectual, and behavioral characteristics. The diagnosis of CDLS is typically done clinically after birth; however, recent studies have demonstrated the ability to use prenatal ultrasound and whole-exome sequencing to diagnose CDLS prenatally. Here we present a prenatal case in which multiple fetal anomalies were identified on ultrasound at 20 weeks of gestation. Use of whole-exome sequencing allowed for successful diagnosis of CDLS in this fetus prenatally.

Objective: Preterm birth (PTB) occurs between 24-37 weeks of gestation. The important risk factor for PTB is a previous PTB and currently progesterone is used for the management of recurrent spontaneous PTB. Some studies have shown good outcomes but recent studies revealed that the use of vaginal progesterone was not related to a decreased likelihood of PTB or neonatal adverse effects. Thus, the controversy in the literature suggests multiple underlying pathological mechanisms involved in the progression of PTB. This study aims to determine the role of low-dose aspirin in the prevention of preterm birth in patients with a previous history of preterm delivery. Methodology: In this randomized controlled trial, a total of 172 patients fulfilling the inclusion criteria were selected from the inpatient and outpatient departments. Patients were divided randomly into two groups (group A and group B), using random number tables. In Group A, low-dose aspirin (75mg) was given while group B was taken as a control group. Patients were called every 8 weeks in the outpatient department for the assessment of compliance and side effects of the drug. The data were entered and analyzed by using SPSS v25.0. Chi-square was used to compare the two groups for incidence of preterm birth. Relative risk (along with a 95% confidence interval) for the decrease in the incidence of preterm birth with the use of aspirin was calculated. Results: The age of participants included in the study was 18 to 40 years. The mean age of patients in group A was 33.85±5.210 years and in group B was 32.86±4.139 years. The mean fetal birth weight in group A was 2281.1962±363.125 grams and in group B was 2271.4344±374.797 grams. In the low-dose aspirin group, 10(11.6%) had preterm birth and 31(36.0%) in the control group with a p-value of 0.001, which is statistically significant. The risk of having preterm birth with low-dose aspirin was 1.801 times less than controls. Conclusion: aspirin in low dose given before 14 weeks of gestation decrease spontaneous preterm birth as compared to the control group in a woman with a history of previous preterm birth which was spontaneous

Hemp (Cannabis sativa L.) is a herbaceous anemophilous plant that belongs to the Cannabinaceae family. The cannabis seed (hemp) has long been utilized as a food source and is commercially important as an edible oil source. In this review, the positive and negative health effects of cannabis, the relationship between cannabis and various diseases, and the use of cannabis in various food products have been discussed. In addition, the scientific literature on the potential use of cannabis and its derivatives as a dietary supplement for the prevention and treatment of inflammatory and chronic degenerative diseases in animals and humans has been reviewed. Cannabis is being developed as a key ingredient in a variety of food items, including bakery, confectionery, beverages, dairy, fruits, vegetables, and meat. Hemp seeds are high in readily digestible proteins, lipids, polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFA), insoluble fiber, carbs, and favorable omega-6 PUFA acid to omega-3 PUFA ratio and have high nutritional value. The antioxidants of cannabis, such as polyphenols, help with anxiety, oxidative stress, and the risk of chronic illnesses, including cancer, neurological disorders, digestive problems, and skin diseases. Cannabis has been shown to have negative health impacts on the respiratory system, driving, and psychomotor functions, and the reproductive system. Overall, the purpose of this research is to stimulate more in-depth research on cannabis’s adaptation in various foods and for the treatment of chronic illnesses.

Introduction: The use of spica casting in children with the shaft of femur fractures is controversial. Presently, operative treatment is the main standard for the management of shaft of femur fractures in children. The advantages of Ender’s nail are closed insertion of the nail with the preservation of fracture hematoma, minimal chances of infection and the endosteal blood supply is preserved because no reaming is required. Objective: To determine the treatment outcome of Ender’s nailing in the pediatric shaft of femur fractures in terms of limb length discrepancy, function, and union. Materials and Methods: This descriptive study was conducted at Orthopaedic Department, Benazir Bhutto Hospital, Rawalpindi Medical University, Rawalpindi from January 2017 to December 2019. We enrolled 95 children 6-12 years of age by using a non-probability consecutive sampling technique with femoral shaft fracture. The exclusion criteria include children with pathological fractures, malignancy, and skeletal dysplasia. Time of surgery, implant failure, infection, union, limb length discrepancy, and functional outcome were recorded. Functional outcome and union were determined by using Flynn criteria and radiographs while the surgery time, infection, limb length discrepancy, and implant failure were determined clinically. Results: There were 59 (62.1%) male and 36 (37.89%) female children. The mean age was 6.93 ± 4.12 years. The mean surgery duration was 30 ± 8.5 minutes. There were 06 (6.31%) superficial and no patients with deep infection. No implant failure in our study. The time duration from radiological & clinical union to full weight bearing was 7.9 weeks (5-12 weeks). On Flynn criteria, 67 (70.52%) children had excellent and 28 (29.47%) had a satisfactory functional outcomes. In 85 (89.47%) children, there was no limb length discrepancy but 10 (10.5%) children had limb length discrepancy with a mean of 5.45 ± 1.23 mm. Conclusion: Ender’s nailing is an excellent treatment option for the pediatric shaft of femur fractures in terms of functional outcome and union with low chances of infection, limb length discrepancy, and implant failure. Keywords: Ender’s nailing, pediatric femoral shaft fracture, union, functional outcome, infection, implant failure, limb length discrepancy