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The rapid increase in the usage of multimedia content and transmission over the internet demands data securing techniques. In this work, a data encryption technique using a three-dimensional chaotic map and highly nonlinear substitution boxes for the encryption of secret images, followed by a data hiding scheme based on Lah transformation i-e the secret image is first encrypted and then hide in the cover image. For data hiding, integer’s polynomial sequence is generated using addition and multiplication in coefficient form by evaluating pixels of images, secret bits of Lah transformed encrypted image are embedded in the LhTs coefficient of cover image partitioned into the cluster of four bits. To ensure minimum distortion coefficient adjustment is done before the embedding process. To obtain the stego image inverse Lah transformation is applied after the embedding process. The security analysis of the proposed dual layer data security scheme is performed, the result shows that the proposed system bearing strong immunity against various cryptographic attacks.

In current years many chaos-based Substitution boxes (S-boxes) have been proposed. Recently, an image encryption technique based on multiple chaotic S-box was offered. This encryption method was based on the concept of confusion only produced by the implementation of the S-box. The concept of confusion utilized in the understudy technique can be smashed by using just one chosen-plaintext attack and a chosen-ciphertext attack. This article presents a detailed structure of two types of cryptographic attacks on the diffusion-based encryption scheme. The proposed attacks are successfully performed to retrieve the key with very little execution time by using just one chosen image which indicates the vulnerability of multiple chaotic S-boxes-based cryptosystems. The retrieved data is passed through some statistical analysis such as correlation, histogram, and entropy to check the correctness of recovered data.

We examine 112,792 daily candles using more than one million spot quotes among 24 currency pairs between 2000 and 2018. We find that chart patterns are profitable. Relying on these visually based patterns achieves returns of more than 600% after accounting for the transaction costs. Nevertheless, the transaction costs are substantial. In particular, the spread is a large burden on profitability. Overall, our evidence suggests that technical analysis could generate excess returns and that the profitability of technical analysis cannot be explained by market inefficiency. Rather, the evidence is consistent with that on the link between the efficiency and profitability of technical analysis.