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Abstract Background In 2016, The World Health Organization introduced HIV self-testing (HIVST) as an alternative to traditional HIV testing (1), the present study aims to study the acceptability of HIV self-testing among Iranian women injecting drug users (WIDUs). The results of this study are expected to provide valuable evidence for the proper implementation of this program in Iran. Methods: This study employed a content analysis approach to gather qualitative data. The investigation was conducted from April to July 2023. We have chosen the following five provinces, namely Mashhad, Tehran, Kurdistan, Mazandaran, and Kerman, as the designated areas for our study. A sample of Iranians (17–62 years) was selected by purposeful and snowball sampling methods to participate in the study, and 31 semi-structured interviews were conducted. The data collection tool was an interview guide, which was designed based on a review of the literature. The data were analyzed using conventional content analysis. The interviews continued until data saturation was reached. Results: Based on our findings, we distilled 2 main themes and 9 categories including Inhibiting factors (Access and Affordability, Accuracy Concerns, Low knowledge, linkage to HIV treatment, the window period, Ignoring the danger) and Focalizing factors (Empowerment and autonomy, Stigma and privacy. Conclusion Iran’s HIV stigma may discourage regular testing, but self-testing can help overcome challenges. Support for counseling, care links, and accurate information dissemination are crucial.

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Background: This study measured socioeconomic inequalities in different types of disabilities in Iran. We also examined the prevalence of disabilities across different socio-demographic groups in Iran in 201 Methods: This was cross-sectional study using secondary data analysis on all Iranian. Data related to disability prevalence and socioeconomic status (SES) of each province was extracted from the 2011 National Census of Population and Housing (NCPH) and the 2011 Households Income and Expenditure Survey (HIES), conducted by Statistical Center of Iran (SCI). The concentration index and concentration curve were used to measure and illustrate socioeconomic inequalities in different types of disabilities. Chi-squared test was also used to examine the relationship between the socio-demographic variables (age-groups, sex, education level, employment status) and disability. Results: The results suggested the existence of socioeconomic inequalities in blindness, deafness, vocal disorders and hand disorders in Iran. The concentration index for these four disabilities were -0.0527 (95% confidence interval [CI]: -0.0881, -0.0173), -0.0451 (CI: -0.0747, -0.0156), -0.0663 (CI: -0.1043, -0.0282) and -0.0545 (CI: -0.0940, -0.0151), respectively. There were also significant associations between the demographic variables such as age-groups, sex, education level, employment status and disability (P

Background: Job satisfaction of physicians in family physician team is considered as one of the important factors for health system. The aim of the preent study was to compare the quality of work life (QoWL) in rural family physicians and general physicians with private clinics in Kurdistan province. Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted among 103 general physicians including 50 rural family physicians and 53 general physicians with private clinics in Kurdistan province in 2016. The data were collected using QoWL questionnaire and analyzed using SPSS, v. 16. Descriptive statistics including frequency, percentage, mean, and standard deviation (SD) were used to describe the data and to examine the relationship between the variables, T-test was run. Results: The QoWL of rural family physicians with a mean of 55 (SD = 7.6) was higher than average scores. But QoWL of other general physicians with a mean of 47.7 (SD = 13.5) was lower than average scores. The results of t-test showed that there was a significant difference between QoWL of family physicians and other general physicians (t = 82.3, p = 0.001). In rural family physicians, there is a significant association between the QoWL and gender (t=2.7, P = 0.009) as well as native status (t=2.53, P = 0.004). In general physicians with private clinics, the QoWL of native physicians was higher than that of non-native physicians (t = 4.3, P = 0.001). Conclusion: The QoWL of rural family physicians is better than that of others general physicians, even though it is unsatisfactory in both studied groups. Therefore, improving the QoWL of rural family physicians, especially female and non-native rural family physicians, is recommended because promoting the rural family physicians' satisfaction can decrease the likelihood of turnover, and thus increase service quality and responsiveness, as a goal of the health system.