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Climate change is an inevitable issue of modern world. Women often face greater risk and share greater burden due to their limited adaptive capacity. Studies suggest that knowledge and education can result in better resilience and sustainable development. Climate change education encourages changes in attitude and behavior that leads to better adaptability to climate changes. This paper aims to explore the local women's understanding of climate change education and policy initiatives taken in rural areas. A qualitative exploratory study was chosen for this study. The data collection methodology was through qualitative process. 20 women participants from rural areas of Sindh were interviewed. The finding reveled that women in rural area of Sindh have very low understanding and knowledge of any climate change educational program conducted in their regions. The lack of awareness regarding any climate change policy initiatives was also observed. This lack of awareness was attributed to their low literacy rate, lack of gender inclusiveness and cultural barriers and hindrances. The understanding of these factors at all level of policy making is key for successful climate change education policy.

AbstractThis study examined the effectiveness of removing copper (Cu (II)) ions from leachate using three different live algae species (Chlorella vulgaris, Spirogyra ellipsospora, and Ulva lactuca), both individually and in combination. Various algal doses were tested to assess their impact on metal removal efficiency and algal growth. Five distinct masses (5, 10, 15, 20, and 25 g L−1) of each alga were grown in a batch experiment on leachate containing 3 mg L−1 of Cu (II) ions. It was found that the optimum algal dose is between 12.5 and 17.5 g L−1, and the optimum equilibrium duration was between 3 and 4.5 days for tested algal species. Under the optimum conditions of algal dose and contact time, the algae exhibited growth and Cu (II) ions removal efficiency in the order of Spirogyra ellipsospora > mixed algae > Chlorella vulgaris > Ulva lactuca. The study concludes that the selection of right algal species is crucial to optimize the growing environment for copper-contaminated leachate bioremediation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This study examines the impact of climate and agriculture factors such as temperature, rain fall, and water availability on fruit crop production with the support of Vector Auto Regressive (VAR) econometric approach based upon time series data over the period of 44 years from 1966-2009. The trend of climate change impact on fruit crop production for the phase 2010-2020 was predicted. It was observed that the average temperature and rainfall had no unit root, while water availability and fruit crop output had a unit root at 1% level of significance through Augmented Duckey Fuller (ADF) test. The econometric results revealed that climate change has an adverse impact on fruit crops production. By 2020, the predicted increase in the level of average temperature would reduce the fruit crop production, whereas water availability and average rainfall would be positively correlated with fruit crop production in Pakistan. Greenhouse gas (GHGs) emissions will cause a rise in global temperature, resulting in the occurrence and intensity of extreme events such as flood, drought, and cyclones that would further harm fruit crop production and affect the water balance in the future. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Surface to subsurface ichthyolarval distribution and abundance in the northwestern Arabian Sea is presented. Fish larvae were sorted from zooplankton samples from five NASEER (North Arabian Sea Environment and Ecosystem Research) cruises carried out during different monsoon periods between 1992 and 1994. No areas of exceptionally high fish larval concentration were identified. However, there was a weak concentration of fish larvae at stations southeast of Karachi during three of the cruises, though its actual location was not the same during each cruise, and there was a peak in concentration of fish larvae off the west coast of Pakistan during May 1994. Abundance of fish larvae is compared with zooplankton standing stock, temperature, salinity, wind speed and dissolved oxygen using non-parametric tests. However, no clear relationship between biotic and abiotic factors at surface to subsurface water depths was found. [ABSTRACT FROM PUBLISHER]