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Based on the importance of energy saving in terms of reducing the carbon impact and global warming problems, smart street lighting systems have been proposed in the past few years with different specifications. These systems include sensors for controlling the light intensity and connectivity for recording weather conditions and diagnosing lamp failure remotely. This paper discusses many published research studies regarding smart street lighting systems, providing a comparison between these systems which emphasizes the limitations of each one of them. Current and future trends are highlighted.

Vitiligo is an acquired skin disorder characterised by the disappearance of melanocytes, resulting in well-defined white patches that are frequently symmetrically distributed. The lack of melanin pigment makes the lesional skin more sensitive to sunburn. Vitiligo can be cosmetically disfiguring, and it is a stigmatising condition that can lead to serious psychologic problems in daily life. Vitiligo is treated with a variety of topical and systemic medications, phototherapy, laser therapy, and surgical therapy. Corticosteroids, calcineurin inhibitors, and vitamin-D analogues are examples of topical treatment modalities. Phototherapy is a highly effective treatment method. It causes repigmentation in the majority of patients with early and localised disease. Because vitiligo is associated with other autoimmune disorders, a multidisciplinary approach is required. Collaboration and communication between primary care physicians and dermatologists are critical. This review aims to assess role of primary care physicians in assessment and management of vitiligo in primary care settings.

The study aimed to reveal the perceptions of journalists towards employing artificial intelligence techniques in Jordan TV's Newsrooms. The study sample consisted of journalists working in Jordan TV's Newsrooms. The field study was applied to a simple random sample of (106) through the questionnaire tool. The study used the descriptive exploratory approach. The study concluded that there is a clear effect of employing artificial intelligence techniques according to the perceptions of journalists in the newsrooms of Jordan Television, and the presence of differences between the responses of the respondents of the journalists in the reasons why the newsrooms of the Jordanian television are not ready to employ artificial intelligence techniques. In addition to the above, the study indicated that there were no statistically significant differences in the other reasons for the lack of readiness, where the values of X2 (Chi-squared) were not a significant. However, journalists in the newsrooms of Jordan Television possessed various skills, including: using social networks for research, publishing news stories, and automated content production programs. Finally, there were no statistically significant differences between journalists in digital media skills, and the X2 values were not significant at the significance level (0.05), with the exception of info graphic production skills.

In the last decade, social media seeks the attention of many researchers. As prior studies argued, that social media has dynamic capabilities to interact and accessibility among students. Social media is one of those factors, who has the ability to play an essential role in a dynamic learning environment. The uniqueness of social media opens new horizons for students to enhance their experiences in the field of higher education. It has been observed that the adaptation of social media is a phenomenon among students of higher education. In this study, the researcher examines the relationship between lecturer and students through social media. This study took a convenience sample data from undergraduate students of Malaysia and Jordan. The main objective of this study is to explore the motivation of students to words social media for educational purposes. Secondly, this study also investigates the perception of social media as a communication tool for lecturers and students. Moreover, the researcher highlighted the attitude differences among Malaysian and Jordanian students. The study found that respondents are the frequent user of SM, and the most popular media is Facebook among them. Results show that students are reluctant to use SM for educational communication. However, if lecturers took this initiative and engaged students on SM for educational purposes, then students’ attitude was more optimistic. Additionally, students consider SM as a powerful tool that has the potential to strengthen the level of communication between students and the lecturer.

The technological progression is widely being transformed into many sectors, such as education, business, and social interaction and communication. Such expansion has its unique basis since it provides the service enhancement through real-time-based interrelation towards the certain object in the smart platform. However, the problematic challenges have been emerged for instance cyber-bullying, moral challenges in online, cyber-crime, which all required the particular attention on the spiritual enhancement as the foundation in the personality development. This chapter attempts to propose the theoretical framework in responding the challenging issues in online basis. The critical assessment is conducted through books, conferences, and articles related to the divine-strategic principles to give insights into the management of change. The outcome reveals that the particular element of mashlahah (appropriate goodness) played a significant role in underlying the critical elements on driving pathway of management of change.

Lipid membranes and lipid vesicles have been studied extensively in the last 50 years in order to characterise their biological, chemical and physical properties. Such work is of interest from a fundamental biological perspective, but also due to the applications that their biocompatibility affords: in biotechnological, pharmaceutical, food science and cosmetic applications. From this work, it is clear that lipid membranes display a large number of remarkable traits: they can form a wide range of sizes and morphologies, are deformable and can be functionalised with a variety of structures. More recently, multivalent interactions have been exploited to drive self-assembly of nanoparticles, hard colloids and compliant units including emulsion droplets and lipid vesicles. By applying this to deformable lipid vesicles, formation of links between two membranes produces morphological changes unachievable in hard colloidal systems, and the liquid interface of liquid-phase bilayers allows for the diffusion of the multivalent constructs across the membrane of the lipid vesicle. Against this background of membrane science and multivalent interactions, this thesis develops new experimental approaches to exploit these extra degrees of freedom to develop novel lipid-based soft responsive materials with potential ’real-world’ applications, such as in molecular sensing. In Chapter 1, the motivations for this work are introduced, before introducing the requisite background literature and general experimental techniques in Chapters 2 and 3 respectively. In Chapter 4 we show a system of single lipid vesicles adhering to a flat supported lipid bilayer through multimeric multivalent interactions, which we study to characterise the morphological and mechanical changes of the vesicles in response to external ligands. We show that the mechanical properties of the vesicles, in particular their membrane tension, change dramatically on adhesion, and that the number of adhering vesicles is dependent on the concentration of the external ligand due to combinatorial entropy, which we confirm through consideration of a simple statistical mechanical model. In Chapter 5 we use Differential Dynamic Microscopy to study the dynamics of a thermoreversible gel consisting of diffusive attractive soft colloids (large unimlamellar vesicles functionalised with complementary DNA constructs), and fit the dynamics with a stretched/compressed exponential model. From the fit parameters, we observe differing levels of spatial heterogeniety of the dynamics of the sample within different regimes below, above and around the gel/melting points, as well as differing length scales of the dynamics, which differ between quenching and melting experiments. From the statics and dynamics, we see evidence for multiple phenomena, including coarsening as well as ballistic events corresponding to strand breakages. In Chapter 6 we propose a method for high-throughput vesicle production. We characterise the method and the vesicles produced, as well as demonstrating novel applications, most notably the high-throughput production of vesicles encapsulating responsive DNA circuitry, highlighting the potential of this method in bottom-up synthetic biology and the design of programmable materials. Furthermore, we demonstrate the possibility of on-chip functionalisation of membrane constructs into the lipid membranes, in this case cholesterol anchored DNA constructs. In Chapter 7 we study dense packings of vesicles assembled using multivalent complementary DNA interactions, through passive tracking of diffusive colloidal particles and active microrheology using magnetic tweezers. We observe changes in the structure in response to increased temperature, DNA concentration and aging leading to reduced pore sizes. From a rheological standpoint, we observe strain hardening of the material through repeated creep tests, with the ability to reset the material by increasing the temperature above the melting point of the system. The material stiffens and becomes more viscous, which we observe through the application of a constitutive and fractional rheological model respectively. In this thesis we demonstrate the responsiveness of these multivalent construct functionalised lipid vesicle based soft materials by showing the ability to tune the structure, rheology and dynamics of such materials, as well as proposing a method for high throughput, monodisperse production of functionalised lipid vesicles. These results lead to further potential avenues of research, and demonstrate suitability for and preliminary steps towards applications of these responsive materials in fields such as molecular sensing., EPSRC CDT for Sensor Technologies and Applications

Background: Stress is a state of mental tension and worry. A study was conducted in Al Maarefa Colleges, College of Medicine in a sample of 130 female medical students to assess the prevalence of stress. Objectives: This study aimed at determining the prevalence and levels of stress in female medical students. Association of stress with some factors was determined. Method: This was an observational, descriptive, cross-sectional study in which a sample of randomly collected female medical students between 3rd and 8th level completed a self-administrated questionnaire. SPPS was used to analyze data and Chi-square test to investigate the association of the proposed variables. Results: students in level 7-8, 78% who were single, 82% of students who studied 2-4 hours/day, 77% of students who chose their specialty based on their own desire, and 79% of students who had a relationship with their family had low stress. There was a significant association between the adaptation to frequent exams and the levels of stress. (p=0.048). Otherwise, there was no statistical association between any of the other factors such as hours/day spent on studying, the method of tuition payment or choice of specialty and stress. Conclusion: It was found that the majority of the students had low levels of stress. The highest proportion of low stress was in those who were in level 7-8 and those who were not adapted to frequent examination. It was found that those who had good relations with their family, teachers, and colleagues had a low level of stress.

The role of journalists, and journalism has progressed into a more digitalized journalism. Social Networking Sites (SNSs) allow people to take part in online activities and remove the barrier for online users to publish and share information at any place at any time. Among various social media, this review limits its review scope to SNSs, which have been considered to be the most pertinent social medium used in the field of communication management.This paper intends to show that credibility of social media is the key factor that enhances public engagement and communication effectiveness in the digital/social media.This paper is intended to elicit the factors that could affect the credibility of news from SNSs.Specifically, this article reviews on the needs to study journalist perspectives and attitudes on the credibility of news published on SNSs sites, and found few variables that could affect the credibility of the media and the news, which is linked to journalistic work. These include: the interactive media, technology acceptance, quality of news’ source, and the exposure of the media.The review of the literature suggests the dire research needs to focus on journalists’ perspectives and attitudes towards the new media to ensure credibility of news and journalism is continuously sustained and improved.

Many countries have a rapidly ageing population, placing strain on health services and creating a growing market for assistive technology for older people. We have, through a student-led, 12-week project for 10 students from a variety of science and engineering backgrounds, developed an integrated sensor system to enable older people, or those at risk, to live independently in their own homes for longer, while providing reassurance for their family and carers. We provide details on the design procedure and performance of our sensor system and the management and execution of a short-term, student-led research project. Detailed information on the design and use of our devices, including a door sensor, power monitor, fall detector, general in-house sensor unit and easy-to-use location-aware communications device, is given, with our open designs being contrasted with closed proprietary systems. A case study is presented for the use of our devices in a real-world context, along with a comparison with commercially available systems. We discuss how the system could lead to improvements in the quality of life of older users and increase the effectiveness of their associated care network. We reflect on how recent developments in open source technology and rapid prototyping increase the scope and potential for the development of powerful sensor systems and, finally, conclude with a student perspective on this team effort and highlight learning outcomes, arguing that open technologies will revolutionize the way in which technology will be deployed in academic research in the future.

Many countries have a rapidly ageing population, placing strain on health services and creating a growing market for assistive technology for older people. We have, through a student-led, 12-week project for 10 students from a variety of science and engineering backgrounds, developed an integrated sensor system to enable older people, or those at risk, to live independently in their own homes for longer, while providing reassurance for their family and carers. We provide details on the design procedure and performance of our sensor system and the management and execution of a short-term, student-led research project. Detailed information on the design and use of our devices, including a door sensor, power monitor, fall detector, general in-house sensor unit and easy-to-use location-aware communications device, is given, with our open designs being contrasted with closed proprietary systems. A case study is presented for the use of our devices in a real-world context, along with a comparison with commercially available systems. We discuss how the system could lead to improvements in the quality of life of older users and increase the effectiveness of their associated care network. We reflect on how recent developments in open source technology and rapid prototyping increase the scope and potential for the development of powerful sensor systems and, finally, conclude with a student perspective on this team effort and highlight learning outcomes, arguing that open technologies will revolutionize the way in which technology will be deployed in academic research in the future., This is the final version of the article. It first appeared from Royal Society Publishing via http://dx.doi.org/10.1098/rsfs.2016.0018

Basic journalistic tenets such as transparency, gatekeeping and objectivity were considered at risk due to the rise of use of social media by journalists and news media. Resultantly, large numbers of news agencies have started issuing provisions and guidelines for their staff to manage their social media use. This study explores the complex relationship of selected news organizations with given use of social media. The content analysis is applied on the guidelines for the use of social media obtained from 12 news organizations, and their link with basic journalism principles is explored. The key purpose of the current study is to provide insight for scholars and Arab media management to have better understanding of journalists use of social media and how these guidelines are implemented by various leading news agencies. Practically, the observations in the study are helpful for news organizations who are defining their provisions or rules for social media use by their journalists.

Many countries have a rapidly ageing population, placing strain on health services and creating a growing market for assistive technology for older people. We have, through a student-led, 12-week project for 10 students from a variety of science and engineering backgrounds, developed an integrated sensor system to enable older people, or those at risk, to live independently in their own homes for longer, while providing reassurance for their family and carers. We provide details on the design procedure and performance of our sensor system and the management and execution of a short-term, student-led research project. Detailed information on the design and use of our devices, including a door sensor, power monitor, fall detector, general in-house sensor unit and easy-to-use location-aware communications device, is given, with our open designs being contrasted with closed proprietary systems. A case study is presented for the use of our devices in a real-world context, along with a comparison with commercially available systems. We discuss how the system could lead to improvements in the quality of life of older users and increase the effectiveness of their associated care network. We reflect on how recent developments in open source technology and rapid prototyping increase the scope and potential for the development of powerful sensor systems and, finally, conclude with a student perspective on this team effort and highlight learning outcomes, arguing that open technologies will revolutionize the way in which technology will be deployed in academic research in the future.

TThe impact of rise in the use of social media on the journalism and on various positions within the industry has been discussed by several researchers. However, contemporary studies do not provide any significant qualitative research related to the impression of journalist interaction with social media. The current study is focused on the opinions of the Jordanian journalist about how the social media has affected their profession and role in journalism. Several interviews are conducted that provide an insight on the journalist perception related to the interaction with the reader. Audience interaction, rise of personalized journalism and preferences of the journalists related to social media are investigated in this study. The investigation provides contrasting views. A result validates the drastic impact of social media on profession with some participants supporting that social media has helped in advancement in their profession, and others consider it as interference in their professional role.

تعد شبكات التواصل الاجتماعي والتطبيقات الرقمية مثل الفيس بوك واليوتيوب وتطبيق الواتساب مصدرًا رئيسًا في الوقت الراهن للتعرف على أبرز الأحداث ونشر المعلومات، أو إعادة نشرها. وتعتبر إشكالية الحفاظ على خصوصية الأفراد من القضايا النقاشية في الوقت الراهن، خاصة في ظل التطور التقني ومحاولة تقنين استخدام هذه المواقع في بعض الدول. ولذلك، هدف البحث إلى التعرف على دوافع انتهاك خصوصية الآخرين باستخدام شبكات التواصل الاجتماعي والتطبيقات الرقمية، ومواقف الشباب الأردني نحوها. ولتحقيق هدف البحث اعتمد المنهج الوصفي المسحي؛ نظرًا لملاءمته لطبيعة البحث وأهدافه فتكونت العينة من (680) طالبًا وطالبة من جامعات حكومية وخاصة في الأردن، تم اختيارهم عشوائيًّا من المجتمع لتعبئة الاستمارة الإلكترونية. ومن أبرز النتائج التي توصل إليها البحث: 1-بعض أفراد العينة قد مورس بحقهم انتهاك لخصوصيتهم باستخدام شبكات التواصل الاجتماعي أو التطبيقات الرقمية.2-تركزت دوافع الانتهاك بحقهم بين الإساءة للآخرين بقصد تشويه السمعة، ثم قلة الوازع الديني والأخلاقي، ثم الابتزاز المادي والتسلية. 3-أكثر الأساليب التي تم استخدامها في انتهاك الخصوصية تمثلت في استخدام الصور الشخصية 50.3%. 4- ارتفاع نسبة متابعة الشبكات الاجتماعية بين الشباب الجامعي الأردني بنسبة 89.3%. 5-أن ثلث أفراد العينة يتابعون المواقع الاجتماعية من باب تقليدهم للجماعات التي ينتمون إليها. وأوصى البحث بضرورة تفعيل القوانين التي تعاقب المنتهكين، والاهتمام بنشر مفاهيم التربية الإعلامية، وكيفية استخدام الإنترنت ومواقعه وتطبيقاته بصورة أمثل. URI Social media sites such as Facebook, YouTube and the WhatsApp application are a major source at present to learn about the most important events and use them to publish or re-publish the information. The problem of maintaining the privacy of individuals is one of the issues under discussion at present, especially in light of the technical development and the attempt to legalize the use of these sites in some countries. Therefore, the current study seeks to identify the motives of violating the privacy of others using social networks and applications, while providing solution to this matter from the viewpoint of Jordanian youth.The research adopts descriptive survey approach, given the relevance of this approach to the nature of the study and its objectives. The study sample consisted of (680) male and female students from governmental and private universities in Jordan, who were randomly selected, to fill the electronic questionnaire for the study. The most prominent results of the study are: 1- Some of the Jordanian youth feel that their privacy has been violated by the use of social media; 2-and the motives for violating their rights were between insulting others with the intention to discredit them, then the lack of religious and moral values, material extortion and entertainment; 3-and the most common methods used in violating privacy were using personal photos (50.3%); 4-with a high rate of following social networks among Jordanian university youth by (89.3%); 5-while a third of the respondents admitted that they are following social sites as a way of imitating the groups to which they belong. The study recommended the necessity of activating the laws that punish violators and paying attention to spreading concepts of media education and how to use the Internet, its sites and applications in an optimal way.