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Background: Soft tissue defect of dorsum of hand is a difficult problem to deal with in reconstructive surgery. Various factors have to be considered for planning of the reconstruction. Aims and Objectives: To assess the overall incidence of soft tissue defect on dorsum of hand, evaluation of different options for coverage of soft tissue defect on dorsum of hand, assessment of outcome and complications (both primary and donor sites) of reconstructive procedures and coverage of defect with like for like tissue. Materials and Methods: We present our experience of resurfacing soft-tissue defects of dorsum of hand in 27 patients by split thickness skin grafting, local flaps, distant pedicled flaps, and free flaps. Results: Among total 27 patients, in whom resurfacing was done, distant pedicled flaps such as groin/abdominal flap were performed in 13 patients, regional flaps like posterior interosseous artery flap were done in seven patients, free flap like anterolateral thigh flap was the method in three patients, and skin grafting was used in two patients. Complications such as partial or complete flap necrosis were noted in one patient each of free and regional flap and none in distant pedicled flap. The operating time was relatively less in distant pedicled flaps. Conclusion: Skin grafting had limited use when underlying vital structures were exposed. Distant pedicled flaps such groin and abdominal flaps were very useful for resurfacing the defect especially in emergency situations. Regional and free flaps had limited indications.

The real-time high-resolution target detection in radar applications has increased the demand for photonic radar systems due to their higher bandwidth and faster processing capabilities over conventional microwave radar. Additionally, photonic-based radar technology can revolutionize the limited performance of conventional microwave radar caused by various atmospheric attenuations. This article presents a frequency-modulated continuous-wave photonic radar system using coherent detection. The performance of the proposed system is theoretically investigated under the effect of various real-time atmospheric weather attenuations and the influence of solar background noise, which is further verified on the simulation platform. This study is conducted under different atmospheric weather conditions, such as clear, haze, and fog, to highlight the practical limitation of free-space links in the presence of solar background noise. The detected signal at different target ranges with and without solar noise is measured and then compared in terms of signal-to-noise ratio. Furthermore, the impact of solar noise on the system performance when the Sun is under different sky conditions and zenithal angles is also analyzed. The results presented here provide insights into designing photonic radar systems for practical applications like autonomous vehicle radar systems, self-traffic control, and navigation.

The paper will talk about on the two strategies to take care of the TSP issue of a book shop. The TSP issue arrangement finds the ideal course which advances the course and cost. The paper shows the examination aftereffect of Hungarian strategy hand approach and AMPL program. The client characterized work is associated with AMPL to take care of a progressively muddled issue. This shows the better outcome between the both. The motivation behind the paper is to discover the figuring by AMPL programming and approach for ideal course. The AMPL writing computer programs is utilized for the arrangement of Linear and Non direct conditions. Right now are examining the issue of book retailer who needs to visit the five urban areas to satisfy the interest.

A field experiment was conducted at the Farming System Research Centre for Hill and Plateau Region, Ranchi, Jharkhand during 2016–19 on acidic soil to evaluate the production potential, competitive indices and economics of ten diversified cropping systems. Results revealed that rice equivalent yield of intercropping with finger millet+horse gram (7.4 t/ha) was recorded significantly higher compared to finger millet+black gram (6.7 t/ha), rice+black gram (5.55 t/ha), rice+horse gram (5.83 t/ha) and sole rice cropping (1.54 t/ha). Higher gross return (₹285441/ha), net return (₹217159/ha), B:C ratio (4.18), economic efficiency (₹595/ha/day), crop productivity (20.3 kg/ha/day) were recorded with finger millet+horse gram, which was significantly higher as compared to finger millet+black gram, rice+black gram, rice+ horse gram and sole rice cropping. Significantly higher land equivalent ratio (2.42) was noted with rice+black gram over rice+horse gram, finger millet+blackgram and finger millet+horse gram. Higher positive aggresivity index (0.22) was recorded with rice+blackgram. Diversified production systems with finger millet+ horse gram had more monetary advantage index (₹153100/ha) over finger millet+black gram, rice+black gram and rice+horsegram. Thus, finger millet+horsegram was noted the most productive, resource-use efficient and remunerative cropping system under rainfed production system of hill and plateau region of eastern India.

The optical orthogonal frequency division multiplexing (OFDM) is proven to be a most promising technology for the next-generation high-capacity and ultra-wide bandwidth 5G communication systems. 60 GHz millimeter-wave (mm-wave) frequency band is also becoming a most popular upcoming frequency spectrum due to today’s available dense frequency spectrum used for mobile, multimedia, and data communication, etc. We propose a system comprised of 60 GHz radio-over-fiber (RoF) model using optimized optical frequency quadrupling, coherent detection, channel estimation, and carrier phase correction techniques for ultra-wide bandwidth 16-quadrature amplitude modulation (QAM) OFDM baseband signal. The proposed RoF system’s outcomes have shown relatively better bit error rate (BER) of 3.1 × 10–3 to enable successful transmission of 110 Gbps data for more than 105 km optical link comprising of standard single-mode fiber (SSMF). System performance and obtained results show a potential to fulfill the requirements of 5G and cellular communication system.

Abstract The emerging trend for using cryogenic fluids in scientific and research applications requires a Claude cycle‐based efficient turboexpander system. This paper presents the mean‐line design procedure, numerical, and experimental investigation to distinguish the fluid flow and thermodynamic analysis of a turboexpander operating at cryogenic temperature. Initially, the mean‐line design of turboexpander components has been carried out. Thereafter, the three‐dimensional model and computational mesh of nozzle, turbine, and diffuser have been generated using ANSYS BladeGen® and ICEM®. The three‐dimensional computational fluid dynamics analysis has been carried out to characterize the effect of fluid flow properties such as pressure, velocity, and thermal properties such as temperature, static enthalpy, and entropy at different axial locations. Finally, an experimental test rig has been developed to examine the performance of the turboexpander at cryogenic temperature and validating the numerical findings for a case study. The methodology provides insight into the realistic fluid flow phenomenon and thermal performance of a turboexpander under rotating conditions, as it is the most essential and expensive part of a gas liquefaction system.

Abstract This survey paper focuses on one of the current primary issues challenging data mining researchers experimenting on real‐world datasets. The problem is that of imbalanced class distribution that generates a bias toward the majority class due to insufficient training samples from the minority class. The current machine learning and deep learning algorithms are trained on datasets that are insufficiently represented in certain categories. On the other hand, some other classes have surplus samples due to the ready availability of data from these categories. Conventional solutions suggest undersampling of the majority class and/or oversampling of the minority class for balancing the class distribution prior to the learning phase. Though this problem of uneven class distribution is, by and large, ignored by researchers focusing on the learning technology, a need has now arisen for incorporating balance correction and data pruning procedures within the learning process itself. This paper surveys a plethora of conventional and recent techniques that address this issue through intelligent representations of samples from the majority and minority classes, that are given as input to the learning module. The application of nature‐inspired evolutionary algorithms to intelligent sampling is examined, and so are hybrid sampling strategies that select and retain the difficult‐to‐learn samples and discard the easy‐to‐learn samples. The findings by various researchers are summarized to a logical end, and various possibilities and challenges for future directions in research are outlined.

This is a case report of 78 years old lady with uncontrolled type 2 diabetes and dyslipidemia. Patient was also suffering from impaired renal function with serum creatinine of 1.7 mg/dL. The patient was prescribed 58 units per day insulin(premixed analogue insulin 30/70) along with linagliptin 5 mg, atorvastatin 10 mg and telmisartan 40 mg once daily. The glycemic parameters remained uncontrolled and hence, insulin total daily dose was increased to 68 units and saroglitazar 4 mg once daily was also added for uncontrolled dyslipidemia. After addition of saroglitazar, patient started complaining of hypoglycemic episodes which lead to decrease in insulin daily dose. After 9 months treatment with saroglitazar, the dose of insulin was reduced to 44 units per day. The patient is stable with controlled glycemic parameters. Addition of saroglitazar also leads to significant improvement in triglycerides levels (−35%). There was no worsening of renal function after 9 months treatment with saroglitazar. The results of this case study indicate that saroglitazar may potentiate the hypoglycemic action of insulin while treating dyslipidemia in type 2 diabetes patient and one may require to down titrate the dose of insulin.

Oral cancer etiology is complex and controlled by multi-factorial events including genetic events. Candidate gene studies, genome-wide association studies, and next-generation sequencing identified various chromosomal loci to be associated with oral cancer. There is no available review that could give us the comprehensive picture of genetic loci identified to be associated with oral cancer by candidate gene studies–based, genome-wide association studies–based, and next-generation sequencing–based approaches. A systematic literature search was performed in the PubMed database to identify the loci associated with oral cancer by exclusive candidate gene studies–based, genome-wide association studies–based, and next-generation sequencing–based study approaches. The information of loci associated with oral cancer is made online through the resource “ORNATE.” Next, screening of the loci validated by candidate gene studies and next-generation sequencing approach or by two independent studies within candidate gene studies or next-generation sequencing approaches were performed. A total of 264 loci were identified to be associated with oral cancer by candidate gene studies, genome-wide association studies, and next-generation sequencing approaches. In total, 28 loci, that is, 14q32.33 (AKT1) , 5q22.2 (APC) , 11q22.3 (ATM) , 2q33.1 (CASP8) , 11q13.3 (CCND1) , 16q22.1 (CDH1) , 9p21.3 (CDKN2A) , 1q31.1 (COX-2) , 7p11.2 (EGFR) , 22q13.2 (EP300) , 4q35.2 (FAT1) , 4q31.3 (FBXW7) , 4p16.3 (FGFR3) , 1p13.3 (GSTM1-GSTT1) , 11q13.2 (GSTP1) , 11p15.5 (H-RAS) , 3p25.3 (hOGG1) , 1q32.1 (IL-10) , 4q13.3 (IL-8) , 12p12.1 (KRAS) , 12q15 (MDM2) , 12q13.12 (MLL2) , 9q34.3 (NOTCH1) , 17p13.1 (p53) , 3q26.32 (PIK3CA) , 10q23.31 (PTEN) , 13q14.2 (RB1) , and 5q14.2 (XRCC4) , were validated to be associated with oral cancer. “ORNATE” gives a snapshot of genetic loci associated with oral cancer. All 28 loci were validated to be linked to oral cancer for which further fine-mapping followed by gene-by-gene and gene–environment interaction studies is needed to confirm their involvement in modifying oral cancer.

A field experiment was conducted at research farm of SKN College of Agriculture, Jobner, Rajasthan to assess the effect of fertility and bioinoculants on growth, yield and economics of cluster bean (Cyamopsis tetragonoloba L.). The results revealed that application of 75% recommended dose of fertilizer along with Rhizobium inoculation recorded higher growth (plant height, branches/ plant, dry matter accumulation/plant and nodules/plant); yield attributes (pods/plant, seeds/pod and 1000-seed weight) seed and stover yields, gross returns (25.05 × 103 `/ha), net returns (13.63 × 103 `/ha) and B:C ratio (1.19) as compared to control and phosphate solubilizing bacteria (PSB) inoculation and remained at par with all other treatment combination. So, it was concluded that use of 75% RDF along with Rhizobium may be recommended for obtaining the higher yield of Cluster bean in the region.

A field experiment was conducted during the winter (rabi) seasons of 2009-10 and 2010-11 to study the production potential, nutrient uptake and economics of Indian mustard (Brassica juncea L.) under eight treatments of organic sources and three levels of inorganic nitrogen for integrated nutrient management practices. The organic sources comprising combined application of 5.0 tonnes/ha FYM along with PSM and Azospirillum or PSM being at par produced significantly higher yield attributes, yield, economics and nutrient uptake of mustard over sole application of 2.5 tonnes FYM/ha. Increasing application of inorganic nitrogen fertilizer from 0 to 80 kg N/ha significantly increased yield attributes, yield, economics and nutrient uptake of mustard. On an average, increase in seed yield due to the application of 80 kg N/ha was to the tune of 7.27 and 22.27 per cent over 40 and 0 kg N/ha, respectively. There was build up of available N, P, K and S in the soil after cropping. Integrated use of 5.0 tonnes FYM/ha along with PSM + Azospirillum and 80 kg N/ha is necessary for getting higher seed yield and is the most remunerative and effective integrated approach of Indian mustard after the completion of two years of experimentation.