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The study aims to evaluate and compare the onset of local anesthesia (LA) and pain perception during endodontic treatment in hemophilic and thalassemic patients. Methods: The study included 90 patients with symptomatic irreversible pulpitis of the mandibular molars. Three groups (n = 30 in each group) were included. Group 1: hemophilic patients; group 2: thalassemic patients; and group 3: individuals without any systemic diseases. Onset of LA and visual analogue scale (VAS) scores was recorded immediately after the administration of local anesthesia, during the pulp exposure procedure, and during canal instrumentation, and were compared between the three groups. Frequency distribution, ANOVA, and linear regression analysis (p < 0.05) were applied. Results: The mean onset time was 46 ± 34 s in the hemophilic group, 42 ± 23 s in the thalassemic group, and 38 ± 12 s in controls, but the differences were statistically insignificant. After LA administration (LA-VAS), all three groups experienced a statistically significant reduction in pain (p = 0.048). On pulp exposure (PE-VAS) (p = 0.82) and during canal instrumentation (CI-VAS) (p = 0.55), there was no statistically significant difference in pain perception between the groups. The coefficients indicate a positive correlation between the VAS and onset time, indicating a positive reduction in the VAS following the administration of LA. Conclusions: Hemophilic patients exhibited a clinically longer average onset time for LA. However, the difference among the three groups with regard to the overall pain perception after LA administration, during and after pulp exposure, and during canal instrumentation was statistically insignificant.

Resin composite has been the material of choice in various direct and indirect restorative procedures. Dental composites are cured by light activation. It is possible due to the presence of the initiator system of photopolymerization and its amounts varying from 0.1% to 1 wt%. However, to the best of our knowledge, no systematic review has been published to evaluate the effectiveness of CQ photoinitiators compared to composite containing alternative photoinitiators on the degree of conversion of resin-based composite.

Clinicians always face a challenge in selecting the appropriate material for clinical use. Presently, the term bioactive is being used judiciously and unquestionably in the field of dental materials. The introduction of nanotechnology brought about a revolution in material science leading to the development of bioactive materials for caries prevention and management. This review comprehensively evaluates the use of bioactive materials for modification of the oral biome, prevention of dental caries, and the management of dental caries as restorative materials. Six online database (PubMed, Scopus, Science Direct, Embase, Web of Science, and Cochrane library) were systematically searched using broad keywords. Published articles were scrutinized, analyzed and the full-text articles were selected. Data reveals relatively limited application of tissue engineering and regeneration for enamel and dentin due to their limited ability to remodel. However, many steps are being taken in biomimetic approach for the modification of dentin. The path to overcoming any challenges will require active collaboration among clinicians, a material scientist and pulp biologist.

Aim The aim was (1) to study the cytotoxicity of novel Bioactive Caries-detecting Dye solution (BCD) and its antimicrobial activity against Streptococcus mutans, Lactobacillus acidophilus, Actinomyces naeslundii, and Candida albicans and (2) comparative assessment of BCD and Carie-Care for efficient removal of caries (stereomicroscope) and dentin tubule occlusion (scanning electron microscope [SEM]). Materials and Methods For BCD cytotoxic study (direct contact method), colorimetric MTT assay, and cell line study(L929 mouse fibroblast NCTC clone 929 strain L) was performed. Xenetix 350, chitosan, nanohydroxyapatite (nHA), BCD, and Carie-Care solutions were subjected to the antimicrobial activity through blood agar well diffusion method, and the minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) and minimal bactericidal concentration (MBC) were determined. On 20 extracted human carious teeth a comparative pilot study was done for BCD (Group A, n = 10) and Carie-Care (Group B, n = 10), and evaluated visually and radiographically. After mechanical excavation of caries with a spoon excavator, teeth sectioned longitudinally and stereomicroscopically were evaluated (8x–40x) by two observers. The percentage of dentinal tubule occlusion was evaluated with SEM for both solutions. Statistical kappa analysis of agreement was 0.7–0.8 (P < 0.01). Mann–Whitney test ranks and Wilcoxon signed-rank test (P = 0.01) were applied. Results Cytotoxicity test revealed BCD to be nontoxic and biocompatible. Antimicrobial tests (zone of inhibition) showed BCD > chitosan > chlorhexidine > Carie-Care > Xenetix 350 > nHA. MIC and MBC values suggested chlorhexidine > BCD > Carie-Care. Stereomicroscopic analysis showed effective mechanical removal of caries in BCD without residual dye in the dentinal tubules as compared to Carie-Care. Dentinal tubule occlusion (SEM analysis) was 80%–85% for BCD and 10% for Carie-Care. Conclusions Profound synergistic effect for BCD was observed with advantage of radiographic assessment.

The present research study assessed the cell viability and cytotoxic effect of mineral tri-oxide aggregate (MTA), Tetric N-Bond Universal bonding agent, Theracal PT (pulpotomy treatment), and platelet-rich fibrin (PRF) as pulp capping agents on human dental pulp stem cells (hDPSCs). The cells were isolated from the pulp tissue of an extracted healthy permanent third molar. After four passages in Dulbecco’s Modified Eagle’s Medium, the primary cells were employed for the investigation. The test materials and untreated cells (negative control) were subjected to an Methylthiazol-diphenyl-tetrazolium (MTT) cytotoxicity assay and assessed at 24-, 48-, and 72-h intervals. The Wilcoxon matched-paired t-test and Kruskal–Wallis analysis of variance (ANOVA) test were applied (p < 0.05). PRF imparted the highest cell viability at 48 h (p < 0.001), followed by MTA, Theracal PT, and Tetric N-Bond. Similarly, PRF had the highest potential to enhance cell proliferation and differentiation (p < 0.001), followed by Theracal PT, MTA, and the bonding agent at the end of 24 h and 72 h, respectively. Finally, PRF sustained the viability of human primary dental pulp stem cells more effectively than Theracal PT and MTA; however, the application of a Tetric N-Bond as a pulp capping agent was ineffective.

Many configuration spaces of mechanical and non-mechanical problems in physical world involve matrix Lie groups. These Lie groups provide a mathematically rich formulation for studying a variety of control theory problems. While control systems have been specialized to different matrix Lie groups, study of optimal control of these systems by minimizing the input cost function has been a tempting research area. Here we take a left invariant driftless control system on the Lie group SU(2) and analyse controllability and optimal control of the system. Stability of the resulting dynamics from optimal control analysis is elaborated. Then numerical integration and some related properties are discussed via two unconventional integrators.

During endodontic procedures, along with mechanical instrumentation, irrigants are imperative for pathogeneradication. As the strains of pathogens are becoming antibiotic resistant at a constant ascending pace andalso the potentially harmful effect is associated with synthetic drugs, so studies on natural alternatives forirrigation are being done. Chitosan, a natural alternative, has been evaluated as an antimicrobial medicine.Recently, in cases presenting with persistent infections after endodontic treatment, it was noted that of all themicrobial species identified, the prevalence of s.epidermidis was the most. In this current study, an analysisof the antimicrobial effectiveness of chitosan as a potent root canal irrigant, for disinfecting the root canalwas conducted. Methodology: By the serial dilution method, the minimum inhibitory concentration wasdetermined. Dilution of the test solution was done using 10% DMSO solution. After which, incubationin a rotary incubator, at 180 rotations per minute, the temperature of 37?, for 24 hours was done. Forobtaining the zones of inhibition of different concentration (0.2%, 0.5%, 0.75, 1%) of chitosan irrigant, theagar diffusion method was applied and the resultant clear zone was measured with a ruler. Result: Chitosan(liquid) had promising antibacterial activity against Staphylococcus epidermidis, with a 16 mm zone ofinhibition at 100 µg/ml. Conclusion: Within the limitations of the present study, it was observed that, evenat lower concentrations, chitosan (liquid form) effectively hindered the further growth of S.epidermidis.

We argue that visualization research has overwhelmingly focused on users from the economically developed world. However, billions of people around the world are rapidly emerging as new users of information technology. Most of the next billion users of visualization technologies will come from parts of the world that are extremely populous but historically ignored by the visualization research community. Their needs may be different to the types of users that researchers have targeted in the past, but, at the same time, they may have even more to gain in terms of access to data potentially affecting their quality of life. We propose a call to action for the visualization community to identify opportunities and use cases where users can benefit from visualization; develop universal design principles; extend evaluations by including the general population; and engage with a wider global population.

Objectives This study aimed to investigate the efficacy of ionic and non-ionic-based contrast media (in vitro study) and the combinatorial effect of chitosan-based endo-radiopaque solution (CERS) (in vivo study) for visualization of the root canal anatomy. Materials and Methods In vitro study (120 teeth): The root canal of maxillary premolars and molars (in vitro group 1 and 2 respectively, n = 60 each) were analyzed using 4 different contrast media (subgroups: Omnipaque 350, Iopamidol, Xenetix 350, and Urografin 76; n = 15 each) in combination with 5.25% sodium hypochlorite (NaOCl). Based on the results of the in vitro study, in vivo study (80 teeth) was done to compare Xenetix 350 + 5.25% NaOCl with CERS (in vivo group 1 and 2 respectively, n = 40 each) on maxillary and mandibular premolars and molars. Two endodontists used radiovisiography to assess the depth of ingress and identify the aberrant root anatomy after access cavity preparation, and after initial cleaning and shaping of canals. Kruskal-Wallis test was used for in vitro comparison (p < 0.05), and Wilcoxon signed-rank test and Mann-Whitney U test for in vivo analysis (p < 0.01). Results In vitro study, Xenetix 350 + 5.25% NaOCl facilitated a significant higher visualization (p < 0.05). For in vivo study, CERS had a statistically significant depth of ingress (p < 0.01), and was efficient in identifying the aberrant root canal anatomy of premolars and molars. Conclusions CERS facilitates better visualization of the root canal anatomy of human premolars and molars.

Aim: This study aimed to evaluate the intensity of pain after unintentional extrusion of resin-based and calcium hydroxide (Ca[OH]2)-based endodontic sealers as well as their influence on the periradicular tissues. Materials and Methods: A total of 120 single-rooted teeth exhibiting extrusion of sealer in the postoperative radiographs were included in the study. According to the sealers used, the teeth were divided into four groups (n = 30): Group I – AH Plus®, Group II – Resino Seal, Group III – Sealapex™, and Group IV – Apexit® Plus. Postoperative pain was assessed at 0–6 h, 6–12 h, 12–24 h, and 24–48 h of obturation using Visual Analog Scale. Radiographs were taken at 3, 6, and ≥9 months to 1-year follow-up and compared with baseline radiographs to assess the dissolution of extruded sealers and healing of periradicular tissues. Statistical Analysis: ANOVA, Kruskal–Wallis, and Pearson's Chi-square test were used. Statistical significance level was set at P ≤ 0.05. Results: Postoperative pain intensity was higher in case of AH Plus® sealer followed by Sealapex™ up to 12 h of obturation and was statistically nonsignificant. Apexit® Plus at all time intervals showed statistically significant less pain intensity than AH Plus® and Sealapex™ but not from Resino Seal group. At 9-month follow-up, better healing of periradicular tissues was shown by AH Plus® (48.1%) followed by Apexit® Plus (44.4%) and Sealapex™ (41.2%) with statistically nonsignificant difference. Conclusion: In case of periapical extrusion, both resin-based and Ca(OH)2-based sealers caused postoperative pain. Both Ca(OH)2- and resin-based sealers did not influence the treatment outcome.

This article focuses on investigating the steady state heat conduction through the walls of heat exchanger tubes of any arbitrary geometry using a numerical technique called boundary element method (BEM) for two different cases. In the first case, the problem is studied for exchanger tubes where both the inner and outer surfaces are maintained at isothermal condition. Secondly, BEM is used for the prediction of heat transfer through exchanger tubes with the inner surface kept at a constant temperature and the outer surface subjected to convective condition. A two dimensional semi-analytic technique called boundary collocation method (BCM) is also used to solve the same two dimensional heat conduction problem for the purpose of comparison. The conduction shape factor (CSF) calculated through BEM for all the shapes in the first case shows excellent agreement with that obtained through BCM and other published results. Further, the heat transfer calculated by BEM is in good agreement with that obtained through the numerical software Ansys Fluent®. For both the cases, the temperature profiles computed by BEM match very closely with those generated through Ansys Fluent®. The problem has been solved for some exchanger tubes having different types of geometries which pose numerical complication in grid-based techniques. The excellent agreement of the results of BEM with the existing results shows the accuracy and efficiency of the method.

Introduction: Dentin hypersensitivity (DH) is a sudden short sharp pain best explained by hydrodynamic theory. Several agents are available throughout the market that can treat DH either by blocking the nerves that helps in conducting pain or by blocking the open dentinal tubules. The aim of the present study was to compare the tubule occluding efficacy of four different desensitizing dentifrices under scanning electron microscope (SEM). Materials and Methods: Sixty-two dentin blocks measuring 5 mm × 5 mm × 3 mm were obtained from extracted human molar teeth and were randomly divided into five groups: Group 1 – no treatment (control, n = 2); Group 2 – Pepsodent Pro-sensitive relief and repair (n = 15); Group 3 – Sensodyne repair and protect (n = 15); Group 4 – Remin Pro (n = 15); Group 5 – Test toothpaste containing 15% nano-hydroxyapatite (n-HA) crystals (n = 15). The specimens were brushed for 2 min/day for 14 days and stored in artificial saliva. After final brushing, specimens were gold sputtered and viewed under SEM at ×2000 magnification. Results obtained were statistically analyzed using nonparametric Kruskal–Wallis test and least significant difference post hoc test. Results: All test groups showed significant increase in dentin tubule occlusion as compared to control group. The highest percentage of tubules occluded was shown by Group 4 and Group 5 which was significantly different from other groups (P ≤ 0.05), and there was no significant difference in tubule occlusion among them. Conclusion: Newer desensitizing dentifrices containing 15% n-HA and Remin Pro can provide effective tubule occlusion and thereby reduce the pain and discomfort caused by DH.

Introduction: During endodontic retreatment apical extrusion of debris in the form of filling materials, necrotic pulp tissues, microorganisms as well as irrigants may lead to post instrumentation pain, inflammation and impaired healing. Aim: The aim of the study was to compare the amount of debris extruded from the apex during retreatment procedures using ProTaper R (PTR; Dentsply Maillefer, Ballaigues, Switzerland) and Endostar RE Re endo rotary system (ERE; Poldent Co. Ltd., Warsaw, Poland) file systems. Materials and Methods: A total of 30 extracted mandibular premolars were prepared and obturated with gutta-percha and AH Plus sealer (Dentsply DeTrey, Konstanz, Germany) using warm vertical compaction technique. The teeth were randomly divided into two groups of 15 each for removal of root canal filling material with PTR and ERE files. The Apically Extruded Debris (AED) was collected in preweighed eppendorf tubes. Data were analysed statistically using independent sample t-test. Significance level was established at α=0.05 Results: No significant difference (p=0.701) was found among the groups regarding the amount of AED. AED was more for PTR files as compared to ERE files while PTR files cleaned the canal walls better as compared to ERE. Conclusion: Both retreatment file systems were associated with some degree of debris extrusion from the apex. Though statistically insignificant PTR files extruded more debris than ERE files.

The paper outlines a numerical method called boundary element method (BEM) which is employed to study heat transfer through the walls of arbitrary shaped heat exchanger tubes having arbitrary shaped holes. The method is implemented for two different cases to obtain the approximate solution of the two dimensional Laplace equation. For both the cases, the inner surfaces are maintained at a constant temperature. However, the outermost periphery is subjected to a constant temperature in the first case and kept at convective condition in the second case. Here the discretization of the boundary produces a system of equations which on solving produce the expression for temperature. The results predicted by BEM are validated with those predicted by Ansys Fluent®. The remarkable accuracy of the results with those obtained from Fluent shows the capability of the method to successfully handle the considered steady-state conduction problem in heat exchanger tubes of multiply connected cross sections. This article uses BEM to study conduction problems in multiply connected exchanger tubes. This work may be extended to study 3D heat conduction through multiply connected tubes.

Nanotechnology is emerging as an interdisciplinary field that is undergoing rapid development and has brought about enormous changes in medicine and dentistry. Nanomaterial-based design is able to mimic some of the mechanical and structural properties of native tissue and can promote biointegration. Nanotechnology has various applications in dentistry, including dentition renaturalization, therapy for dentin hypersensitivity, complete orthodontic realignment in a single visit, covalently bonding diamondized enamel, enhancing properties of root canal sealers, and continuous oral health maintenance using mechanical dentifrobots. A range of synthetic nanoparticles such as hydroxyapatite, bioglass, titanium, zirconia, and silver nanoparticles are proposed for dental restoration. This review focuses on the developments in the field of nanomaterials in dentistry in the form of tissue regeneration materials, implantable devices, nanocomposites, endodontic sealers etc. and issues of patient safety.

With the advancement of technology, the hard disk space in our personal computers is getting bigger. Now a days it seems easy to search the web and get the relevant result than searching our personal computers. This is because of absence of any sort of interconnection between the documents, media files, and rich text present in the PC. It is really tough to create a knowledge graph for the same. In this rapidly growing digitization world, in county like India where we have listed 22 languages in the constitution the task gets even tough. People from different demographic and socio-economic background are expected to adapt to this fast evolving scenario. Under the influence of social media due deep penetration of smart phones and internet, Indian users are taking up to this. If we observe closely the users are more comfortable in typing their native language in Roman script (i.e. English.) In this work we have developed a desktop search application which can also take Hindi-English Code-Mixed user query. Subsequently the query is converted into correctly spelled English words. Then the query is analyzed for inherent sequential continuity and final reformulation is done. Code-Mixing query is frequently observed in social media and search engines especially form multilingual users. We have considered Hindi-English mixed term queries written in common roman script. Secondly, we have also included the query sequence analysis to automate the Query Reformulation process. The user may reformulate the query if he fails to get the relevant result. Here we expect the user to enter the query like text based conversational search system. On the backend, the data on the PC in indexed into the Apache Solr using Apache Tika and other dependency parsers.

This work is a study on left-invariant, drift free optimal control problem on H(3) Lie group. The control objective is to minimize the cost function and steer the system in non-ideal environment. The stability of the resulting dynamics has been studied and PID controllers have been designed at the equilibrium points.

This paper proposes an optimal planning technique using geodesic to achieve accurate as well as smooth trajectory for industrial robot manipulators. The shortest path connecting any two points on a Riemannian manifold along itself is called as the geodesic. The work volume of manipulator end-effector is divided into position and orientation space. A Riemannian metric is assigned to both the spaces in order to attain geodesic conditions for intended motion of the end-effector. Cartesian trajectories are shown by joint trajectories in which joint variables are treated as local coordinates of the position space and the orientation space. Then the obtained geodesic equations for each space are evaluated for initial conditions of the trajectory and the results are plotted. To validate the effectiveness of the geodesic method, numerical computations are performed using data taken from the Quest SCARA robot. For simplicity vertical motion of link 3 of the 3R SCARA manipulator is restricted.

Aim: The aim of this study was to compare the antifungal efficacy of three endodontic sealers (AH Plus, Apexit Plus, and MTA Fillapex) with and without the incorporation of chitosan nanoparticles against Candida albicans. Materials and Methods: The present study was carried out by the Kirby–Bauer method. C. albicans were cultured in Sabouraud Dextrose Agar plates. Filter papers (n = 10) were placed in the cultured Petri dishes and the sealers were mixed according to the manufacturer's instructions and placed on the top of the filter papers. Group division of sealers is as follows: Group I – AH Plus, Group II – Apexit Plus, and Group III – MTA Fillapex. Group IC, Group IIC, and Group IIIC were the addition of 2% chitosan nanoparticles with respective sealers. Plates were incubated for 18 h, and the zone of inhibition was measured with a measuring scale and values (in millimeter) were recorded. Statistical analysis was done by one-way analysis of variance followed by post hoc multiple pair-wise comparisons. Results: All the tested groups showed statistically significant difference (P < 0.05) from each other. Two percent chitosan-incorporated groups showed superior zone of inhibition compared to sealers used alone. Group IC (16.35 ± 0.71 mm) had the highest zone of inhibition followed by Group I (13.8 ± 0.86 mm). For the remaining groups, the zone of inhibition was in the following order: Group IIC > Group II > Group IIIC > Group III. Conclusion: AH Plus sealer mixed with 2% chitosan showed significantly higher antifungal property. Mixing of 2% chitosan with endodontic sealer provides an added advantage so that endodontic re-infections can be minimized and will be helpful in retreatment cases.

Background: Dental caries is a global problem; however, it is entirely preventable. Fluoride is considered as effective method in lowering dental caries. The amount of knowledge, awareness and its method of implementation in prevention process among general population are challenging. Objectives: 1. To review and analyse the knowledge of fluoride action, therapeutic uses, method of application, possible combination of fluoride exposure, its deleterious effects and create evidence about awareness among the Odisha population and knowledge, attitude and practice (KAP) of fluoride in management of dental caries among the dental professionals. 2. To recommend the dental council, dental professionals, teaching institutions, primary health care centres, community health centres, social media and health care consumers for active involvement in spreading the awareness regarding Pros and Cons of fluoride to the general population, based on the available evidence. Method: A survey was conducted for 918 general populations and 474 dental professionals of Odisha based on knowledge, attitude and practice (KAP study) regarding fluorosis, fluoridated water, dental caries and fluoride therapy and validated. The questionnaire for general population was translated from English to local language (Odia). Google and physical questionnaire were circulated among the general population and dental professionals. Dimensionality and local dependency were also tabulated. The data obtained was subjected to statistical analysis. Results: The evidence revealed that dental professionals (ANOVA, p < 0.05) practicing in Odisha had significant knowledge regarding fluoride therapy and fluorosis; however, its implementation in practice is compromised. Approximately, 65% of general population irrespective of age and gender, lack the basic knowledge, 65% of attitude and 77% of practice regarding fluorides and fluorosis. Conclusion: This evidence will be a strong enforcement and implementation in primary practice by dental professionals for prevention of dental caries.

Background: Local anesthetics (LA) are stereotype drugs in dentistry. Though these drugs are used routinely, most of the dentists are unaware of the dose calculations, effective dose or complications and another vital knowledge about the drug. The objective of the survey was to evaluate the knowledge, attitude of dental professionals regarding local anesthesia and its implementation in their daily practice. Awareness of local anesthesia among general population and their expectations from the clinicians was also evaluated. Method: A survey was conducted on 1080 patients and 540 dental professionals of Odisha through google form survey and hand forms. Questionnaire were made in English and Odia language. Data were analyzed using SPSS statistics 24.0. Result: Out of 504 dental professional 31% were general dentist, 32.5% were specialist and 36.5 % were undergoing post graduate training. 73.3% of the clinicians didn’t knew the equivalent weight of adrenalin in 2% local anesthesia with 1:200000 concentration. 76.2% were wrong regarding dosage of lignocaine. 84% of the clinicians lacked in knowledge about LA allergy testing and 91.8% were unaware about Articaine. MDS especially more than 15 years of experience (100%) were found to be more knowledgeous and have a positive attitude towards local anesthesia when compared with PGs and BDS but when it comes to practice MDS (51.1%) with

Endodontic treatment success depends on a combination of appropriate instrumentation, effective irrigation and decontamination of root canal spaces to apices, and obturation of the root canals. Irrigation of the root canal is paramount in determining periapical tissue healing. This article reviews presently available root canal irrigants, their interactions, advantages, and limitations. For this review, the authors performed a Medline search for all English language articles published through January 2014 with "root canal irrigants" and "endodontic irrigants" as keywords.

Aim: To determine the prevalence and frequency of rubber dam usage for endodontic procedures among general practitioners, specialized practitioners, undergraduate final year students and Endodontists in the state of Odisha, India. Methodology: A pre-piloted questionnaire was distributed among 737 subjects. Dentists and final year students were surveyed in relation to their prevalence of rubber dam usage. Statistical Analysis Used: Chi-square/ Fisher Exact tests have been used to find the significance of study parameters on categorical scale between two or more groups. Results: Overall response rate was 71%. While about 94% of the subjects knew the use of rubber dam, 30% have used it for root canal cases and 23% use them for all cases of root canal treatment. Use of rubber dam was 15.4% in paediatric patients and 34.4% in adult patients. 68% of subjects received knowledge about rubber dam usage in undergraduate school. 75% felt that rubber dam should be compulsory before endodontic treatment & 90% were willing to gain knowledge through training and continuing dental education programs. Conclusion: Whilst rubber dam is used frequently for root canal treatment than operative treatment, in the present survey there is a low prevalence of its usage during endodontic therapy. This presents quality issues, as well as medico-legal and safety concerns for the professional and patients alike. Greater emphasis should be placed on the advantages of using rubber dam in clinical dentistry at dental school and through continuing dental education for practitioners to update their knowledge.

ABSt rAc t Aim: A survey was conducted to analyze the prevalence and incidence of dental anomalies in relation to maxillary lateral incisors in the Odisha population. A multidisciplinary approach for aesthetic management of a geminated tooth is described. Material and Methods: A total of 1062 subject, aged between 1530 years (724 males and 338 Females) were randomly screened at Institute of Dental Sciences, Bhubaneswar, Odisha India. Each subject was examined clinically and radio visuographically for dental anomalies in relation to maxillary lateral incisors. In the related case described, endodontic management and aesthetic correction of geminated maxillary lateral incisors was done. results: Five dental anomalies i.e. gemination, fusion, missing lateral incisors (both unilateral and bilateral), peg shaped incisors (unilateral and bilateral), and dens in dente were observed. Anomalies found were Peg shaped; 2.82%, Missing;1.88%, Gemination;0.28%, Fusion;0.18% and Dens in Dente;0.18%. conclusion: Comparison of these results with that of other studies indicated that anomalies in lateral incisors occur at different frequencies among various countries and communities in the world. In the case since maxillary lateral incisors are in the aesthetic zone, recognizing these anomalies will facilitate a successful treatment.

Aim: To evaluate the effectiveness of three different pastes containing 5% NovaMin, 8% arginine, and 15% hydroxyapatite nanoparticles (n-HA) respectively in the treatment of dentin hypersensitivity (DH). Materials and Methods: A 4 weeks study was conducted on 45 adult patients with cervical abrasions leading to hypersensitivity of two or more teeth anterior to molars. Patients were divided into three toothpaste groups. Group I: 5% NovaMin, Group II: 8% arginine, Group III: 15% n-HA. Sensitivity was assessed at baseline, immediately after application and after 1-week and 4 weeks. Tactile stimuli response using a visual analog scale and standard cold air blast using Schiff cold air sensitivity scale were used to compare the efficacies of toothpastes after a single application. Statistical Analysis: Two-way analysis of variance and post-hoc Tukey test were used and P ≤ 0.05 was considered statistically significant. Results: Visual analog scale analysis: Group III and Group II showed statistically significant reduction in DH at all-time intervals when compared with Group I. In SCA analysis there is no statistically significant difference between Group II and Group III immediately after application. Conclusion: Toothpaste containing 15% n-HA was found to be most effective in reduction of DH after a single application up to a period of 4 weeks followed by 8% arginine and 5% NovaMin toothpastes.

Two-half day Conservative Dentistry and Endodontics (CDE) programs titled “Endodontics Simplified: Choti Si Baat” and “Basics of Biostatistics: The Number Game” was organized by Department of CDE of Hi-Tech Dental College and Hospital, and Institute of Dental Sciences, Bhubaneswar respectively in association with Indian Association of Conservative Dentistry and Endodontics and Odisha Association of Conservative Dentistry and Endodontics (ODACE) on March 22, 2014.At Hi-Tech Dental College and Hospital, Bhubaneswar program was inaugurated by the Director of Hi-Tech group of Institutions Mr. Suresh Panigrahi and vote of thanks was proposed by Dr. Vijay Reddy, Head of Department, CDE.Renowned Senior Endodontist and Dean, Faculty of Dental Sciences, Sri Ramachandra University Professor (Dr.) D. Kandaswamy delivered a lecture on Endodontics simplified. His lecture emphasized on the basics to be followed during Root Canal Therapy and also briefed about the recent advances in materials and technology in the field of Endodontics. He also gave a motivational lecture for the audience and unveiled the logo of ODACE.At the Institute of Dental Sciences, Siksha ‘O’ Anusandhan University, Bhubaneswar inauguration was followed by lighting of the lamp. Dean, Professor (Dr.) Neeta Mohanty gave the welcome address and Dr. Saumyakanta Mohanty of Department of CDE proposed the vote of thanks.Dr. Krithika Datta, Reader in Department of CDE, Meenakshi Ammal Dental College, Chennai and Associate Editor of Journal of Conservative Dentistry gave a lecture on “Basics of Biostatistics: The Number Game!”. She gave an insight of basic biostatistics and research methodology.Professor (Dr.) E. Venkata Rao of Department of Community Medicine, Institute of Medical Sciences, Siksha ‘O’ Anusandhan University, Bhubaneswar also delivered a lecture on “Statistics and Software” and informed the audience about the application of SPSS software.A recently conducted CDE program titled “Search for Research” in Chennai on January 8, 2014

Background: The purpose of this prospective, randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled study was to compare the effect of the administration of preoperative ibuprofen, ketorolac, combination of etodolac with paracetamol and combination of aceclofenac with paracetamol versus placebo for the potential increased effectiveness of the inferior alveolar nerve block [IANB] anesthesia. Materials and Methods: A total of 100 endodontic emergency patients in moderate to severe pain diagnosed with irreversible pulpitis of a mandibular posterior tooth randomly received, in a double-blind manner, either a drug or placebo 30 minutes before the administration of a conventional IANB. Cold testing was done before administration of anesthesia to determine level of pain using Heft-Parker Visual Analogue Scale (VAS) score. Success was defined as no pain or pain (VAS) on access or initial instrumentation. Results: Overall success was 54% for all the groups. Success was highest (70%) for the ketorolac group, 55% for both ibuprofen group and combination of aceclofenac with paracetamol group, 50% for combination of etodolac with paracetamol group, and 40% for the placebo group. Conclusions: Under the conditions of this study, the use of preoperative medication did improve the anesthetic efficacy of IANB for the treatment of teeth diagnosed with irreversible pulpitis but not significantly.