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Cancers are the second leading cause of death in children after accidents. There are several factors that affect the survival rate of cancer patients, and the sum of these factors causes a huge difference between the survival rate of patients in different geographical areas of the world. Determining the survival rate of cancers after diagnosis is one of the key studies needed to review educational protocols and prevention strategies. In this retrospective cohort study, which was conducted as a census, the survival status of all children aged 0-14 years with cancer in Guilan province in 2013-2018, which was registered in the format of the cancer registration software program and is currently at the disposal of the health department of the university was investigated. Life table analysis or Kaplan -Meier method, Log Rank test and was used to calculate survival or comparing the survival of groups. 31.2% of children had the result of treatment leading to death and 68.8% had recovery. By comparing the median survival time of children, it was found that there is no difference between boys and girls and it was found that there is no difference in terms of where children live. The lowest 5-year survival rate of malignancies in children with cancer, respectively. Taken together, diagnostic protocols and comprehensive plans should be made for the follow-up of children with central nervous system, bone and blood system and endothelial cancers, especially in children who were diagnosed 0-5 years old. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Rising obesity incidence and its complications have lead to change of our view about cardio- metabolic risk factors and need of reassessment of these complications in childhood age. The aim of current study was to evaluate prevalence of obesity and related cardio-metabolic risk factors of children. This was a cross-sectional study in a representative sample of 12 years old children in Rasht, the biggest city in north of Iran. Participants were interviewed and examined by a trained research team and demographic characteristics, detailed examination (height - weight - blood pressure) were recorded. Blood samples were drawn for biochemical testing including Fasting blood sugar, Triglyceride, Cholesterol, HDL & LDL. Data analysis was done using SPSS software. Total participants were 858 children and 550(64%) were male. Prevalence of underweight, normal weight, overweight, obese were 22.5%, 54.4%, 11.3%, 11.8%, respectively. The prevalence of cardio-metabolic risk factors included hypercholesterolemia (6.7%), hypertriglyceridemia (33.6%), high LDL (5.9%), low HDL (28 %), high systolic (7.6%) & diastolic blood pressure (10.6%) (>90th percentile) and abnormal carbohydrate metabolism (12%) revealed hypertriglyceridemia as the most common dyslipidemia. Correlation analysis didn't show significant correlation between BMI & FBS but LDL, Cholesterol and TG had week positive correlation with BMI (Pearson correlation: 0.161, 0.285, 0.222 respectively, p value <0.001). Obesity and dyslipidemia are common problems in this area and we should note to screen cardiometabolic risk factors in addition of obesity, especially in children with rapid weight gain. This study highly recommended more investigation to evaluate final effect of these factors in adulthood. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

One of the most preventable causes of mental and growth retardation is congenital hypothyroidism (CH). This study tries to investigate growth and mental outcome of patients with CH. Since November 2006 and November 2007 in Guilan province, north of Iran, all neonates who were diagnosed with CH, evaluated for etiology of CH by laboratory follow up, thyroid sonography or scan. Growth and development of patients with CH were compared with healthy children in same age, geographical area, social and economical classes in four years old. Demographic characteristics including height, weight, and head circumference at birth, follow up time (four years old) and IQ (Good enough test) were recorded in questionnaires. Among 28904 screened neonates, 37 patients with CH were diagnosed. Incidence of CH was 1:781 in live births, 20 (54%) in female neonates and 17 (46%) in male neonates. The incidences of permanent and transient hypothyroidism were 43.2% (16 cases) and 56. 8% (21 cases) respectively. The incidence of permanent and transient hypothyroidism were 16 (43.2%) and 21 (56, 8%), respectively. In permanent CH, 11 cases (%.68.2) had dyshormonogenesis and 5 cases (%.31.2) had thyroid dysgenesis. Significant statistical difference was only in family history of thyroid disease (34, 3% Positive family history in CH vs. 13.2% in control group, P-value 0.03). All other demographic characteristics and IQ had no statistical difference. Patients with CH diagnosed through neonatal screening and treated had normal growth as general population that indicates effective screening program and treatment in this area (3.2%). [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Substance use disorder is a multidimensional phenomenon, which is becoming increasingly prevalent and important. It is the result of psychological, biological, social, and familial factors, and it seems that psychological factors play a very important role in its process. Objectives: The purpose of this study was to determine the prevalence of depressionamongpatients visiting substance abuse treatment centers and to evaluate influential factors. Methods: A descriptive analytic research was conducted on 241 patients, who were selected randomly from visitors of the maintenance methadone therapy centers in Guilan province, Iran (January to May 2013). Based on population, Guilan was divided to three regions, east, west, and center. In each region, three or four substance abuse treatment centers were chosen randomly. To collect the data, two questionnaires were used, including demographic characteristics and abused substance characteristics, and Beck's depression inventory. The data were analyzed using the SPSS software. Results: According to this study, the mean age of visitors was 38.29 years old. Prevalence of depression among patients was 48.96%. There was a significant negative relationship between the degree of depression and age (Pearson coefficient -0.17, P value 0.01). Logistic regression indicated that the factors affecting depression included type of abused drugs, income, duration of treatment, and place of residence. There was no significant relationship between depression and education level, physical diseases, and duration of drug use. Conclusions: Concerning the abovementioned points, it seems that depression is one of the common problems of substance use disorder. Considering the mental problems of substance abusers, appropriate therapies have an essential role in their treatment. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]