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The electrochemical sensing of cephalexin was suggested using a modified electrode (zeolite/CPE). The designed electrode presents an enhanced, selective, stable, and reproducible sensing process.

Introduction: Aspirin and clopidogrel are the most commonly used antiplatelet agents, either alone or as dual therapy, in patients undergoing CABG surgery to reduce organ ischaemia and mortality. The systematic review aims to explore the resistance to the antiplatelet agents, how to assess it, and the effect of resistance on the outcomes in CABG surgery. Materials & methods: A systematic search is carried out on MEDLINE via Ovid, PubMed, Embase, the Cochrane Library Database and Google Scholar until November 2021 to look for studies evaluating the antiplatelet resistance in patients undergoing both on-pump and off-pump CABG surgery. Only high-quality studies were included after the risk of bias assessment. Results: A total of 17 studies, of which 3 randomised controlled trials and 14 observational studies were included after inclusion criteria is applied. The incidence of aspirin resistance ranges from 11-51.5%, whereas, clopidogrel resistance is 22%. A wide variety of different assessment methods for antiplatelets are reported. Antiplatelet resistance is a predictor of vein graft occlusion, with up to 13 fold increase in occlusion rate. There is no overall effect of aspirin resistance on mortality, stroke or myocardial infarction, however, clopidogrel resistance leads to higher mortality, MI and target vessel revascularisations. The effect of cardiopulmonary bypass on antiplatelet resistance is not clear. Conclusion: There is no uniform definition of antiplatelet resistance. Assessment methods differ greatly and their results are not interchangeable. Antiplatelet resistance is associated with a higher rate of graft occlusion in CABG patients. Aspirin resistance does not influence overall adverse outcomes, however, clopidogrel resistance leads to worse outcomes.

There is growing evidence for the involvement of sex hormones in the pathogenesis of keratoconus.This study aimed to evaluate serum androgen and prolactin levels in patients suffering from keratoconus.One hundred and two subjects were enrolled in the keratoconus (76 patients) and control (26 subjects) groups in a cross-sectional survey. Topographic evaluation of the cornea was undertaken for all enrolled participants. Serum testosterone, dehydroepiandrosterone sulphate (DHEAS), prolactin (PRL), luteinising hormone (LH), and follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH) were measured in all subjects.There was no significant difference in demographic characteristics between the study groups. Significantly higher mean serum levels of DHEAS (3.71 ± 2.23 vs. 2.53 ± 1.77 µg/mL; P = 0.009) and T (6.18 ± 3.80 vs. 1.57 ± 1.76 ng/mL; P0.001) were observed in men with keratoconus compared to controls. In females, there were also higher mean levels of DHEAS (2.40 ± 1.57 vs. 2.18 ± 0.72 µg/mL; P = 0.355) and T (0.78 ± 0.96 vs. 0.32 ± 0.13 ng/mL; P0.001) in patients with keratoconus but only T level reached the statistically significant level of difference. Also, the mean serum PRL level was significantly higher in women with keratoconus compared to control (13.33 ± 17.85 vs. 4.63 ± 3.10 ng/mL; P0.001). There was no significant difference between serum FSH and LH levels between study groups.In patients with keratoconus, serum PRL in females and serum androgen levels in both genders are elevated.

A intriguing feature shared by many quantum gravity programs is the dynamical decrease of the spectral dimension from $D_s = 4$ at macroscopic to $D_s \approx 2$ at microscopic scales. In this note, we study the impact of this transition on the energy loss of static, spherically symmetric black holes due to Hawking radiation. We demonstrate that the decrease in the spectral dimension renders the luminosity of a black hole finite. While this slightly increases the life-time of light black holes, we find that this mechanism is insufficient to generate long-lived black hole remnants. We briefly comment on the relation of our findings to previous work on this topic., Comment: 8 pages, 3 figures

Background: The use of a single sauna for decreasing weight quickly has a significantly negative impact on the health. The present study aimed to investigate the effect of Saffron aqueous extracts on maximal oxygen uptake, serum lipid peroxidation and total antioxidant capacity of young men athlete following a single Sauna leads to a 4 percent body weight loss. Methods: In a semi-experimental study twenty young athletic men were randomly divided into two equal groups of 1- control 2- supplement. Subjects in supplement group consumed 5 mg /kg/day of saffron for 4 days, whiles other group received the same amount of placebo (lactose). After four days of supplementation all subjects lost 4% of their body weight by dehydration in dry sauna. Serum total antioxidant capacity and malondialdehyde levels were measured in three stages, (baseline, and 4h before and immediately after sauna) and vo2 max was measured in two stages (1week before and immediately after sauna). Results: The mean age, weight, and body fat were 22.60+0.98 years, 76.07+5.11 kg, and 18.06+1.64 percent, respectively. The vo2 max in the two groups after sauna significantly decreased (p=0/001). As well as total antioxidant capacity and malondialdehyde levels in the only control group after sauna significantly decreased and increased respectively (p=0/001). Conclusion: It can be concluded that the use of saffron extract improved levels of serum total antioxidant capacity, and thereby it significantly prevented the increase of in serum malondialdehyde after sauna. However the uses of saffron extract no significant effect on prevented the decrease in vo2 max after sauna.

Black holes constitute some of the most fascinating objects in our universe. According to Einstein’s theory of general relativity, they are also deceivingly simple: Schwarzschild black holes are completely determined by their mass. Moreover, the singularity theorems by Penrose and Hawking indicate that they host a curvature singularity within their event horizon. The presence of the latter invites the question whether these dead-end points of spacetime can be made regular by considering (quantum) corrections to the classical field equations. In this light, we use the Frobenius method to investigate the phase space of asymptotically flat, static, and spherically symmetric black hole solutions in quadratic gravity. We argue that the only asymptotically flat black hole solution visible in this approach is the Schwarzschild solution.

Pectus excavatum is a chest wall deformity with an incidence of around 1 in 400 live births. The Nuss procedure is a surgical intervention that aims to restore functional integrity in these patients. We report the first case of bar migration into the stomach necessitating further surgical intervention for removal. Our case presents a rare complication of pectus excavatum repair and highlights the importance of vigilant follow-up in these patients. If bar migration does occur, imaging in the form of X-ray and CT scans may be of use in early detection in order to expedite management.

Purpose: To report 21 cases of typical inferior feather-shape lens opacity associated with keratoconus. Methods: In this cross-sectional study, we evaluated the association of keratoconus with inferior feather-shape lens opacity in refractive surgery candidates. Visual acuity, demographic, refractive, and topographic characteristics of 26 eyes of 21 patients with inferior feather-shape lens opacity were evaluated in detail. Pedigree analysis was also performed to assess possible inheritance. Results: Overall, 2122 out of 33,368 cases (6.4%) without lens opacity had keratoconus, while 20 out of 21 patients (95.2%) with peculiar lens opacity had definite keratoconus (P < 0.001). Lens opacity was bilateral in 5 cases (24%), and keratoconus was bilateral in all 20 patients with lens opacity. Nine eyes out of thirty-six with a complete data record (25%) had severe keratoconus and underwent deep lamellar keratoplasty, while 11 (31%) had forme fruste keratoconus. Pedigrees were drawn for eight patients, most families of whom suggested an X-linked recessive inheritance. Conclusion: The present study was the first to investigate patients with a peculiar inferior feather-shape lens opacity accompanied by bilateral keratoconus, which was observed in 95% of the patients. This finding should raise awareness as to the possibility of diagnosing keratoconus in the eyes of the patients with these characteristics.

In this paper, we investigate weaving g-frames and weaving fusion frames and we show that they share many properties with weaving frames. We show that they are stable under invertible operators and small perturbations. We also show that woven g-frames and weakly woven g-frames coincide. Also some more results are obtained.

Background: Some scientific data have been reported the positive effects of natural antioxidants on modulating the Total Antioxidant Capacity and muscular damage indicators. The aim of this research was to examine the effects of Short-Term Grapefruite juice Supplementation on Lipid Peroxidation and Total Antioxidant Capacity and some muscular damage indicators in young men following a session of intensive an resistanceactivity. Materials and Methods: In a randomized double-blind study twenty young men students were randomly divided into two equal groups of experimental, and control. After supplementation period, subjects performed a session of intensive resistance activity at 85% of one repetition maximum. Changes in the Total Antioxidant Capacity and malondialdehyde and muscular damage indicators (Lactate dehydrogenase and Creatine Kinase) were determined in three phases. Results: The results showed that changes in the Total Antioxidant Capacity and malondialdehyde after exercise not significantly in the supplementation group, but significantly in the control group. Also, changes in plasma Lactate dehydrogenase and Creatine Kinase after activity were significantly in the control and supplementation groups. Conclusion: It seems that Short-Term Grapefruit juice supplementation will be useful for improving levels of plasma Total Antioxidant Capacity and thereby inhibiting exercise-induced lipid peroxidation and modification in plasma increased Lactate dehydrogenase and Creatine Kinase after intensive resistance training. &nbsp

Background : Despite regular exercise benefits, acute exhaustive exercise elicits oxidative damage in liver. The present study aims to investigate the effects of a week aqueous Saffron extracts consumption on malondialdehyde (MDA) and superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT) and glutathione peroxidase (GPx) Antioxidant enzymes alterations content of liver of young male rats following an acute bout of exhaustive exercise. Materials and Methods: We randomly classified 48 Wistar male rats were assigned into following three groups 16 rats per group: 1) control 1 (saffron extract solvent); 2) control 2 (saffron extract solvent+ training); 3) experimental (aqueous saffron extract, 50 mg/kg + training).After a week, half of each group were killed without exhaustive, but the remaining rats (control 2 and experimental) were killed immediately after performed an acute bout of exhaustive exercise and SOD, CAT , GPx and MDA in their liver were measured. Results: The MDA level and anti-oxidant enzymes activities didn’t change significantly, in the liver tissue in experimental group unlike control group of rats following an acute bout of exhaustive exercise Conclusion: The consumption aqueous extract of saffron stigma in rats leads to the reinforcemen of the antioxidant defense system and prevented the MDA level and anti-oxidant enzymes defense system in the liver tissue of rats following an acute bout of exhaustive exercise.

PURPOSE: To evaluate the effectiveness of ultraviolet (UV)-A/Riboflavin corneal cross-linking (CXL) for the treatment of the refractory cases of fungal keratitis. METHODS: In this prospective interventional study, 9 patients with the diagnosis of fungal keratitis that were referred to our emergency eye center were included. These patients were resistant to conventional treatment and underwent therapeutic UV-A/Riboflavin CXL. Response to the treatment was considered as good if rapid epithelialization and rapid decrease in stromal infiltration was occurred after PACK-CXL, and poor when the emergency transplantation was necessary to eradicate the infection. RESULTS: Nine patients treated with CXL due to recalcitrant fungal keratitis. Culture of the corneal scrapings showed Aspergillus species in 4 patients, Candida albicans in 1 patient and Fusarium species in the remainder of them. CXL was performed from 1 to 20 days after the presentation of corneal ulcers (Mean: 9.12 ± 4.02; range: 5–20 days). Postoperatively, the mean time to epithelialization was 14.25 ± 2.38 days, and mean time to resolution of stromal infiltration was 22.5 ± 7.29 days, in responsive cases. Four out of 9 eyes showed good response, and five patients showed no response, and corneal transplantation was performed to eradicate the infection. There was no statistically significant difference in mean depth of infiltration and mean size of ulcer between responsive and unresponsive patients (P = 0.86 and 0.08, respectively). CONCLUSION: Although UV-A/Riboflavin CXL is not a definite treatment for all of the fungal keratitis, it seems promising in the management of some refractory cases.

Natural zeolite was tested as a low-cost adsorbent for Ni(II) removal from aqueous solutions. In order to reduce the total number of experiments necessary for achieving the best conditions of the batch sorption procedure, response surface methodology based on central composite design was carried out for the natural zeolite. Four independent variables, viz. initial nickel ion concentration (10–200 mg/L), adsorbent dose (0.1–0.7 g/L), contact time (5–120 min), and initial pH of solution (2–8) were transformed to coded values and the quadratic model was built to predict the responses. Very high regression coefficients between the variables and the response indicate excellent evaluation of experimental data using a second-order polynomial regression model. Three-dimensional plots demonstrate relationships between the nickel ion uptake with the paired factors (as the fourth factor was kept at its optimal level), which illustrate the behavior of the sorption system in a batch process. The model showed t...

An ultra-preconcentration technique composed of ultrasound assisted leaching-solid phase extraction (USAL-SPE) and low-density solvent based dispersive liquid–liquid microextraction (LDS-DLLME) coupled with gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS) was developed for preconcentration and determination of organophosphorus pesticides (OPPs) in soil samples. Parameters that affect the efficiency of the procedure were investigated by a fractional factorial design (FFD). Afterwards, variables showing significant effects on the analytical responses were considered using response surface methodology (RSM) based on a central composite design (CCD). Under optimum conditions, the enrichment factors were 7215–9842, the linear range was 0.012–625 ng g−1 and limits of detection (LODs) were between 0.002 and 0.125 ng g−1. The relative standard deviations (RSDs) were in the range of 5.4–8.3% (n = 6), and the relative recoveries of OPPs from different soil samples were 84–98%. The proposed methodology constitutes a suitable approach for the analysis of OPPs in complex soil samples and requires minimum organic solvents consumption, sample manipulation and increased sample throughput.

Recently, the concept of g-Riesz dual sequences for g-Bessel sequences has been introduced. In this paper, we investigate under what conditions a g-Riesz sequence $\Phi =\{\Phi _j\in L(H,H_j):j\in \mathcal I\}$ is the g-Riesz dual sequence of a given g-frame $\Lambda =\{\Lambda _i\in L(H,H_i):i\in \mathcal I\}$.

In this article, we introduce and characterize approximate duality for g-frames. We get some important properties and applications of approximate duals. We also obtain some new results in approximate duality of frames, and generalize some of the known results in approximate duality of frames to g-frames. We also get some results for fusion frames, and perturbation of approximately dual g-frames. We show that approximate duals are stable under small perturbations and they are useful for erasures and reconstruction.

The biosorption characteristics of lanthanum and cerium ions from aqueous solution by grapefruit peel have been investigated as a function of pH, biosorbent dosage, contact time, and temperature. The pH was found to be significantly affecting the biosorption performance: pH 5.0 was found to be an optimum pH for favorable biosorption of lanthanum and cerium ions. The experimental isotherm data were analyzed using Langmuir and Freundlich equations. The Langmuir model fits the equilibrium data better than the Freundlich model. According to the Langmuir equation, the maximum uptake for La(III) and Ce(III) ions were 171.20 and 159.30 mg/g, respectively. Pseudo-first-order and pseudo-second-order models were used to represent the kinetics of the process. The results show that the pseudo-second-order model is the one that best describes the kinetics of the biosorption of both metal ions. The calculated thermodynamic parameters (ΔG°, ΔH°, and ΔS°) show that the biosorption process is feasible, spontaneous, and endothermic at 20–50 °C. FTIR analysis demonstrates that carboxyl and hydroxyl groups are involved in the biosorption of the metal ions. This study shows that grapefruit peel has the potential of application as an efficient biosorbent for the removal of lanthanide elements from aqueous solutions.

Unexpected events are unpredictable or beyond the control of human. The aim of this study was to identify the consequential problems of unexpected events faced by construction managers and project managers. In undertaking this investigation, we used an exploratory semi-structured interview and a questionnaire survey method. The results of this research showed that the consequential problems of unexpected events were frequently wicked, wicked messes and messes types of problems. These wicked, wicked messes and messes problems grew rapidly by high behavioral complexity of human affected environment and high dynamic complexity of interdependent systems in construction projects. We discovered human behavioral problems as wicked kind of problems for human element could lead to noticeable effects on project manager, such as irresponsibility and making a bizarre decision. Also, we identified wicked messes and messes problems, including loss of reputation and litigation, for construction organizations could terminate the viability of organizations and projects. Furthermore, we found out that three most important factors for responding successfully to the consequential problems of unexpected events were: 1) organizations' structure and support, 2) competent project manager and 3) immediate actions. The findings of the study revealed that leadership, communication skills and hard-working were essential attributes of the competent project manager in responding to the consequential problems of unexpected events. Lastly, this research suggests the development of managerial reactive skills and control of behavioral responses through learning practice as key components of the required approach that need further investigations in future researches.

The aim of the present study is to investigate the removal of ammonium ions from aqueous solutions using the natural Western Azerbaijan zeolite by utilizing ion exchange process. Batch experimental studies were conducted to evaluate by changing relevant parameters such as pH, dosage of adsorbent, stirring time, initial ammonium concentration, and temperature. The results clearly confirmed that all mentioned parameters have vital affects on removing ammonium ions from wastewater and effluents, so got optimized. Adsorption kinetics and equilibrium data for the removal of ammonium ion were analyzed using Langmuir and Freundlich equations. The Langmuir model fits the equilibrium data better than the Freundlich model. According to the Langmuir equation, the maximum uptake for ammonium ion was 43.47 (mg g−1). Pseudo-first-order and pseudo-second-order models were used to represent the kinetics of the process. Kinetic studies showed that the adsorption followed a pseudo-second-order reaction. The calculated thermodynamic parameters (ΔG°, ΔH°, and ΔS°) indicate that the adsorption process is feasible, spontaneous, and endothermic at 20–50 °C. Based on the experimental results, it can be suggested that the natural Western Azerbaijan zeolite has the potential of application as an efficient adsorbent for the removal of ammonium ions from aqueous solutions, and is suggested for wastewater treatment purposes.

The biosorption of cadmium and nickel onto grapefruit peel from aqueous solution has been investigated using batch technique. Experiments are carried out as a function of solution pH, biosorbent dosage, contact time and temperature. The equilibrium adsorption data are fitted to Langmuir and Freundlich isotherm models and the model parameters are evaluated. The Freundlich model fits the equilibrium data better than the Langmuir model. The maximum uptakes of Cd(II) and Ni(II) by grapefruit peel are found to be 42.09 and 46.13 mg/g, respectively. The kinetics of the biosorption process is found to follow the pseudo-second-order kinetic model. Thermodynamic parameters depict the endothermic nature of biosorption and the process is spontaneous and favorable. Release of cations and protons from the biosorbent during sorption of Cd(II) and Ni(II) reveals that the main sorption mechanism is ion exchange. FTIR analysis demonstrates that carboxyl and hydroxyl groups were involved in the biosorption of the metal ions. The recovery of the Cd(II) and Ni(II) from grapefruit peel is found to be more than 97% using 0.1 M HCl. The results suggest that grapefruit peel can be used effectively for the removal of Cd(II) and Ni(II) ions from wastewaters.