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Synovial Sarcoma (SS) is a rare soft-tissue malignancy. Only about 15% of SS originates from the retroperitoneum. Retroperitoneal SS (RSS) is usually diagnosed incidentally due to the anatomy of the retroperitoneum. The most common complaints of patients are abdominal and low back pain. Other common symptoms of RSS are palpable abdominal mass, weight loss, and anemia. In this study, we will describe a 29-year-old white Asian man with a diagnosis of RSS after radical nephrectomy. He was admitted to the Urology Department of Shohada-e Tajrish hospital, Tehran, Iran in March 2019. The distinguishing feature of this case is the size of the mass, which has never been reported so much for retroperitoneal synovial sarcoma. Radiologic imaging showed a huge retroperitoneal mass originating from the kidney. Based on the pathologic features and immunohistochemistry (IHC) study, the diagnosis was consistent with synovial sarcoma. Accurate diagnosis of RSS is usually based on the pathological findings. Therefore, in case of doubt, a biopsy can be employed. Surgical resection of the tumor and lymph nodes dissection is the main and most important part of the treatment. Aggressive resection with free margin is recommended. The role of adjuvant and neoadjuvant chemotherapy in RSS is not certain to date, but it is recommended according to the patient’s condition.

Background: Penile fracture is a urological emergency requiring proper diagnosis and treatment. Limited studies conducted in Iran have reported high prevalence of this problem (9.9 per 100,000 male population). In this study, we also examined the causes and symptoms, as well as the type of treatment physicians choose so that in the future, we can use this data to educate physicians and other people in the community about this disease. Methods: First, all urologists across the country were contacted and informed about the project. Then, from February 2017 to February 2018, a pre-prepared questionnaire containing the required information was sent to them and they were asked to complete and send this questionnaire in case of a penile fracture. Then, every two weeks, we reconnected all urologists in different ways (email, phone call, virtual networks, etc.) and collected relevant data. Finally, all data were analyzed using SPSS software, version 19. Results: The incidence of penile fractures was estimated to be 2.5 per 100,000 men (from 0.38 in the age range of 69-60 years to 3.9 in the age range of 39-30 years). The most common causes of penile fractures were sexual intercourse (64.8%), followed by non-sexual trauma (16.9%) and masturbation (13.3%). Pain, edema and discoloration of the penis were the most common symptoms at the time of admission (83.6%) and most patients (84%) had referred to a physician within the first 24 hours after the accident. 78.9% of urologists believed in emergency surgical treatment, while 20.3% believed in delayed surgical treatment and 0.7% believed in supportive treatment. Conclusion: Because of the cultural diversity of Iran, the rate of penile fracture is very different in different parts of Iran, but its rate is much lower than previous studies.