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The utility of seventeen Microsatellite (SSR) markers and fifteen inter simple sequence repeats (ISSR) markers for the identification of twenty eight ramets of 11 varieties of walnut (Juglans regia) was explored. Thirty nine individual genomes were screened using 61 and 38 scorable fragments from SSR and ISSR markers, respectively. The least polymorphic SSR locus was WGA004 (two alleles) and the most polymorphic (5 alleles) was WGA276. Polymorphism information content values ranged from 0.08 (WGA004) to 0.43 (WGA032) in SSR markers and from 0.11 (AGA (AC)7) to 0.49 (CAC(TGT)5) in ISSR markers, with an average of 0.29 and 0.19, respectively. In most cases, grafted varieties with identical names also had the same microsatellites profile. The principal coordinate analysis and clustering (UPGMA) based on the combined marker set emphasized two failures in grafting or off-types, ramets identified as Serr 4 (S4) and Vina 1 (V1). The presence of two off-type ramets in the walnut research orchard emphasizes the importance of using molecular certification for proving true-to-type of walnut orchards. Using 13 polymorphic SSRs, we tabulated a DNA fingerprint chart of 11 walnut varieties. Except for ‘Chandler’, each cultivar could be distinguished using a combination of only two SSR loci. The 13 SSRs markers evaluated in this study could be used in future to identify clones produced from the varieties.

Background: All natural anticancer agents are cytotoxic basically and act mainly by the inhibition cell proliferation; but they have different mechanisms. Two assays, thiazolyl blue [3- (4, 5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl) -2, 5-diphenyl-terazoliumbromide or MTT] and sulforhodamine B (SRB), are used to assess cell growth. This study aimed to compare measurements between MTT and SRB on the cancer cell lines. Methods: Different concentrations of the bromelain were added to cultured cells including mouse breast cancer (4T1), human gastric carcinoma (AGS), and human prostate carcinoma (PC3) cell lines and incubated at 24 and 48 hours. The growth and proliferation rates of the studied cells were investigated using both MTT and SRB assays after treatment with bromelain. The differences between cells were determined using Kruskal-Wallis and Dunns tests. Findings: Bromelain significantly decreased growth and proliferation rate of 4T1, AGS and PC3 cancer cells, in a concentration-dependent manner at different times, in both MTT and SRB assays. Conclusion: Findings showed that both MTT and SRB assays gained similar data regardless of the cell types.

Objective: As the development of adolescence is identified by different types of stress and youths are further exhibited because of bodily, psychic and cultural issues, this research tried to examine the training efficacy of spiritual intelligence parts on depression, tension, and pressure of teenagers. Methodology: The present study was undergone in the initial part of the educational year 2014-2015. Moreover, it was quasi-empirical via post test-pretest, which employed a checking team. Therefore, forty of the large schoolman scholars in Tehran chose to use the utility sampling approach and registered in the test team, overlooking the group randomly (n = 20). Both groups were pretested by using a demographic survey, rate of grief, stress, and anxiety DASS-42. Eventually, the test team rose for 8 gatherings following the practice of spiritual intelligence elements and the checking team obtained no interruption. Next, both teams were post-tested, and the obtained data were analyzed by using presumed and circumstantial analytical approaches conducted through SPSS21. Results: The sequences showed that the exercise of the spiritual intelligence parts clearly decreased grief, stress, and anxiety in youths. Conclusion: The research found that because of the clear stage of the efficacy of spiritual intelligence factors training, its inexpensive and great acceptability by the youths, particularly while working in a team, it had an immense direct effect on the decrease of grief, stress, and anxiety.

Dear Editor-in-Chief, Recently attentions have been made towards the renoprotective property of erythropoietin beyond stimulating erythropoiesis. It has been suggested that carbamylated erythropoietin administration is able to reduce cyclosporine-induced tubulointerstitial damage. Erythropoietin is also cable of preventing the increase in serum creatinine and blood urea nitrogen caused by gentamicin. Interestingly, erythropoietin has shown to have curative effect, besides of its preventive properties. In this letter, the promising kidney protective and curative effects of erythropoietin have been discussed.

Stigmaeus kurdistaniensisn. sp. (Figs. 1-2) Diagnosis — Prodorsum with large, reticulated shield; eyes absent and post-ocular bodies present; median hysterosomal shield with 2 pairs of setae; suranal shield entire, with 2 pairs of setae (h 3 absent). All dorsal shields reticulated. Endopodal shields and coxal areas reticulated; dorsal setae long and serrate. Aggenital plate reticulated and with 3 pairs of setae (ag 1 -ag 3 ) and genital shield with 1 pair of setae (g). Palp tarsus with one tridentae eupathidium and palp genu with 2 setae. Femora I-II with 6, 5 setae respectively; genua I-IV 3(+ κ)-3(+ κ)- 1-1. Palp and leg’s segments with reticulations. Type materials — Holotype female and 3 paratype females collected from soil under apple trees, Malus domestica Borkh. (Rosaceae), Iran: Kurdistan Province, Ghorveh city (35°10’ N, 47°48’ E, 1906 m a.s.l.) 4 September 2013, coll. F. Amini. The holotype female and 2 paratype females are deposited as slide-mounted specimens in the Collection of the Acarology Laboratory, University of Bu-Ali Sina, Hamadan, Iran and one paratype female will be deposited in the National Collection of Arachnida, Plant Protection Research, Pretoria, South Africa. Description Female (n = 4) — Colour in life red. Idiosoma oval. Measurements of holotype with measurements of paratypes in parentheses: Length of body (excluding gnathosoma) 600 (559 – 618), (including gnathosoma) 761 (700 – 753); width 420 (313 – 415). Dorsum (Figure 1A) — All dorsal shields reticulated; prodorsum with large shield medially; bearing three pairs of setae (vi, ve, sci), post ocular bodies (pob) present and eyes absent, setae sce located on small plates laterally; hysterosomal area C-E with a large shield medially and 4 pairs of small plates, median hysterosomal shield with two setae (c 1 , d 1 ), setae d 2 located on large, lateral, hysterosomal shields; ventro-lateral, humeral plate with setae c 2 ; intercalary shields (F) with setae f 1 ; suranal shield (H) entire, bearing 2 pairs of setae (h 1-2 ). All dorsal setae long and with a cluster of barbs distally except setae c 2 sparsely serrate; setae c 2 longer than the others. Lengths of dorsal setae: vi 95 (93 – 97), ve 125 (114 – 123), sci 73 (67 – 75), sce 93 (93 – 98), c 1 86 (82 – 90), c 2 136 (130 – 137), d 1 88 (82 – 90), d 2 91 (86 – 94), e 1 90 (82 – 92), e 2 98 (87 – 99), f 1 96 (87 – 99), h 1 90 (90 – 92), h 2 85 (84 – 86). Distances between dorsal s etae: vi-vi 35 (39 – 40), ve-ve 100 (89 – 103), sci-sci 175 (154 – 180), sce-sce 235 (232 – 251), c 1 -c 1 89 (77 – 94), c 2 -c 2 420 (312 – 417), d 1 -d 1 92 (73 – 95), d 2 -d 2 291 (257 – 293), e 1 -e 1 83 (73 – 82), e 2 -e 2 292 (243 – 289), f 1 -f 1 165 (145 – 167), h 1 -h 1 68 (56 – 65), h 2 -h 2 141 (134 – 142), vi-ve 125 (62 – 125), ve-sci 58 (57 – 67), sci-sce 50 (37 – 47), c 1 -c 2 95 (99 – 157), d 1 -d 2 108 (92 – 106), e 1 -e 2 101 (82 – 94), h 1 -h 2 45 (37 – 45), c 1 -d 1 100 (93 – 105), d 1 -e 1 100 (81 – 102), e 1 -f 1 79 (75 – 83), f 1 -h 1 91 (72 – 89); ratio: vi/vi-vi 2.71 (2.38), c 1 /c 1 -c 1 0.97 (0.95 – 1.06), d 1 /d 1 -d 1 0.96 (0.99 – 1.17), e 1 /e 1 - e 1 1.08 (1.12 – 1.13), f 1 /f 1 -f 1 0.58 (0.59 – 0.6), h 1 /h 1 -h 1 1.32 (1.61 – 1.42), c 1 -c 1: d 1 -d 1: e 1 -e 1: f 1 -f 1 : 0.53 (0.53 – 0.56): 0.55 (0.50 – 0.56): 0.50 (0.49 – 0.50): 1.0 (1.0). Venter (Figure 1B) — Ventral cuticle striated coxisternal regions I-II and III-IV with reticulations (Figure 1B). Lengths of setae 1a 36 (35 – 40), 1b 38 (31 – 40), 1c 70 (65 – 72), 2b 63 (59 – 67), 2c 42 (39 – 43), 3a 38 (38 – 42), 3b 43 (38 – 45), 3c 45 (31 – 40), 4a 41 (36 – 43), 4b 37 (37 – 41), 4c 37 (33 – 38), ag 1 34 (33 – 37), ag 2 39 (37 – 40), ag 3 49 (47 – 50), g 27 (25 – 30), ps 1 65 (66 – 73), ps 2 37 (37 – 45), ps 3 40 (39 – 44). Aggenital area reticulated, with 3 setae (ag 1-3 ), setae ag 3 longer than ag 1-2 ; genital shield with 1 pair of setae (g); anal plate with 3 pairs of setae (ps 1-3 ), pseudanal setae ps 1 distally serrated and almost two times longer than setae ps 2-3 . Gnathosoma (Figure 1C) — Ventral infracapitulum with two pairs of infracapitular setae, m 43 (40 – 43) and n 34 (29 – 36), two pairs of adoral setae, or1 29 (30 – 32), or2 38 (37 – 39) (Figure 1C). Chelicerae free 95 (95 – 100), movable digit 127 (126 – 132) (Figure 1A). Palp five segmented, palp tarsus with 4 simple setae + one simple eupathidium + one solenidion (ω) + one tridentae eupathidium, palp tibia with two setae + one well developed claw + one accessory claw seta-like, palp genu with one seta and palp femur with three setae (Figure 1C). Legs (Figures 1 D-G) — Length of leg I 253 (243 – 273); leg II 221 (208 – 238); leg III 230 (223 – 243), leg IV 251 (253 – 270). Setal formulae of leg segments (solenidia in parentheses and not included in setal counts) as follows: coxae 2-2-2-2; trochanters 1-1-2-1; femora 6-5-3-2, genua 3(+ κ)- 3(+ κ)- 1-1; tibiae 5(+ ’, + ’ρ)- 5(+ ’ρ)- 5(+ ’ρ)- 5(+ ’ρ); tarsi 13(+ ω)- 9(+ ω)-7(+ ω)-7(+ ω). Length of solenidia: I ω 25 (20 – 30), II ω 25 (26 – 28), III ω 15 (14 – 20), IV ω 15 (14 – 18); I ’ρ 39 (37 – 39), I ’ 16 (12 – 18), II ’ρ 32 (32 – 35), III ’ρ 24 (24 – 29), IV ’ρ 28 (27 – 29); I κ 72 (72 – 77), II κ 12 (10 – 11). Male (n = 1) — Idiosoma oval. Length of body (excluding gnathosoma) 587, (including gnathosoma) 655; width 275. Dorsum (Figure 2A) — Dorsal shields completely reticulated; prodorsal shield bearing four pairs of setae (vi, ve, sci, sce); post ocular bodies (pob) present; eyes absent; hysterosomal area C-F almost covered by large median and 3 pairs of plates laterally (Figure 2A); median and lateral hysterosomal shields fused, with setae c 1 , d 1 , d 2 , e 1 , intercalary shield divided with setae f 1 ; suranal shield entire, with two pairs of setae (h 1 , h 2 ). All dorsal setae barbed. Lengths of dorsal setae: vi 92, ve 107, sci 70, sce 100, c 1 50, c 2 95, d 1 45, d 2 55, e 1 30, e 2 107, f 1 80, h 1 52, h 2 70. Distances between dorsal setae: vi-vi 37, ve-ve 85, sci -sci 67, sce-sce 232, c 1 -c 1 57, c 2 -c 2 275, d 1 - d 1 57, d 2 -d 2 182, e 1 - e 1 42, e 2 -e 2 150, f 1 -f 1 92, h 1 -h 1 37, h 2 -h 2 80, vi-ve 55, ve-sci 62, sci-sce 45, c 1 -c 2 50, d 1 -d 2 65, e 1 - e 2 60, h 1 -h 2 25, c 1 -d 1 67, d 1 - e 1 60, e 1 -f 1 42, f 1 -h 1 52. Ratio: vi/vi-vi 2.48, c 1 / c 1 -c 1 0.87, d 1 / d 1 -d 1 0.78, e 1 / e 1 - e 1 0.71, f 1 / f 1 -f 1 0.86, h 1 / h 1 -h 1 1.4, h 2 / h 2 -h 2 0.87, h 1 /h 2 0.74, c 1 -c 1: d 1 -d 1: e 1 -e 1: f 1 -f 1 : 0.62: 0.62: 0.45: 1.0. Venter (Figure 2B) — Endopodal shields I-II and III-IV with reticulations. Lengths of setae 1a 22, 1b 35, 1c 35, 2b 35, 2c 27, 3a 2, 3b 22, 3c 17, 4a 27, 4b 25 and 4c 20, ag 1 26, ag 2 30, ag 3 38, ps 1 27, g 1 2, g 2 2. Aggenital plate smooth with three setae (ag 1-3 ). Gnathosoma (Figures 2 C-D) — Ventral infracapitulum reticulated and with two pairs of infracapitular setae, m 30 and n 22, two pairs of adoral setae, or1 22, or2 32 (Figure 2B). Chelicerae free 132, movable digit 65 (Figure 2D). Palp five segmented, palp tarsus with 4 simple setae + one simple eupathidium + one solenidion (ω) + one tridentate eupathidium, palp tibia with two setae + one well developed claw + one spine-like accessory claw, palp genu with two seta and palp femur with three setae (Figure 2C). Legs (Figures 2 E-H) — Length of leg I 224, leg II 195; leg III 185, leg IV 205. Setation same as female except tarsi I-IV with two solenidia and solenidia longer. Length of solenidia: I ω 1 43, I ω 2 25, II ω 1 38, II ω 2 22, III ω 1 32, III ω 2 12, IV ω 1 26, IV ω 2 12; I ’ρ 35, I ’ 15, II ’ρ 31, III ’ρ 20, IV ’ρ 23; I κ 55; II κ 8. Remarks — The new species Stigmaeus kurdistaniensis n. sp. resembles S. siculus (Berlese, 1883) in that dorsal shields are reticulated, median hysterosomal shield with two setae, pob present, eyes and h3 absent. However it differs from the latter in: all dorsal and ventral setae longer than that of S. siculus; ventral infracapitulum and all leg and palp segments with reticulations in E. kurdistaniensis instead of smooth in S. siculus and pob small, between setae ve -sci in the new species instead of large in S. siculus. The new species also resembles S. echinopus Summers, 1962, in having all leg and palp segments with reticulations, suranal shield entire and reticulated, pob present and median hysterosomal shield with two setae. However, S. kurdistaniensis differs from the latter in: aggenital shield reticulated instead of smooth in S. echinopus, all dorsal and ventral setae longer than those of S. echinopus and genual setae κ short in S. kurdistaniensis in contrast to long in S. echinopus. Immature stages — Unknown. Etymology — The species is named after the locality where it was collected, namely Kurdistan province., Published as part of Khanjani, M., Amini, F. & Khanjani, M., 2015, A new species of the genus Stigmaeus koch (Acari: Stigmaeidae) from Kurdistan province, Iran and description of male of Prostigmaeus khanjanii Bagheri and Ghorbani, pp. 49-60 in Acarologia 55 (1) on pages 50-54, DOI: 10.1051/acarologia/20152153, http://zenodo.org/record/5403892, {"references":["Berlese A. 1883 - Acarofauna sicula - Bollettino della Societa Entomologica Italiana, 15: 212 - 220.","Summers F. M. 1962 - The genus Stigmaeus (Acari: Stigmaeidae) - Hilgardia, 33 (1): 491 - 537."]}

Genus: Stigmaeus Koch, 1836: 4, 9. Type species: Stigmaeus cruentus Koch, 1836 (unknown), by original designation. Diagnosis — (Based on Fan and Zhang, 2005). Female — Idiosoma narrowly to broadly oval in dorsoventral view, white, yellow, red or dark red in life. Chelicerae separate. Palptibial claw subequal to or slightly shorter than palptarsus; accessory claw seta-like or spine-like; terminal eupathidia on palptarsus basally fused and split into 3 long prongs or simple; counts of setae and solenidia from palptrochanter to palptarsus: 0, 3, 2, 2 + 1 claw + 1 accessory claw, 4 + 1 ω + 1 sub-terminal spine-like eupathidium+3 eupathidia (basally fused). Prodorsum usually with a large shield, bearing 3 pairs of setae (vi, ve and sci) and a pair of platelets bearing setae sce; eyes present or absent, post-ocular bodies (pob) present or absent. Dorsal hysterosomal areas C-F usually with 1-2 shields surrounded by 3-5 pairs of platelets, sometimes much reduced or absent, shields with 2-3 pairs of setae; setae d 1 and d 2 never on same shield; humeral shields large or small, dorso- or ventrolateral, with setae c 2 ; intercalary shields (F) obvious, entire or divided along midline, with a pair of setae (f 1 ). Suranal shield (H) entire or divided, with 2- 3 pairs of setae (h 3 absent or present). Endopodal shields I-II and III-IV present, divided along midline. Ventral opisthosoma with 3-5 pairs of aggenital setae; genital and anal valves fused or contiguous, with 1-3 pairs of genital setae and 3 pairs of pseudanal setae. Leg tarsal claws robust; empodial shafts branching into tenent hairs before extending beyond tips of claws, with 3 pairs of tenent hairs; counts of setae and solenidia on legs I-IV: coxae (excluding 1a, 3a and 4a) 2 + 1 elcp, 2, 2, 2; trochanters 1, 1, 2, 1; femora 4-6, 4-6, 3, 2; genua 3-5 + 1 κ, 3-4 + 0-1 κ, 0-3, 0-3; tibiae 5 + 0-1 ’ + 1 ’ρ, 5 + 1 ’ρ, 5 + 1 ’ρ, 5 + 1 ’ρ; tarsi 13 + 1 ω, 8-9 + 1 ω, 7 + 1 ω, 6-7 + 0-1 ω. Male. Solenidia on tarsi I-IV: 2, 2, 2, 2., Published as part of Khanjani, M., Amini, F. & Khanjani, M., 2015, A new species of the genus Stigmaeus koch (Acari: Stigmaeidae) from Kurdistan province, Iran and description of male of Prostigmaeus khanjanii Bagheri and Ghorbani, pp. 49-60 in Acarologia 55 (1) on page 50, DOI: 10.1051/acarologia/20152153, http://zenodo.org/record/5403892, {"references":["Koch C. L. 1836 - Deutschlands Crustaceen, Myriapoden und Arachniden - Regensburg, 4 (9): pp. 1 - 40.","Fan Q. H., Zhang Z. Q. 2005 - Raphignathoidea (Acari: Prostigmata). Fauna of New Zealand 52 - Lincoln (New Zealand): Mannaki Whenua Press, 400 p."]}

Background Awareness of hyperdontia pattern/prevalence can be useful in early diagnosis and prevention by general practitioners, pediatric dentists, and orthodontists. Since the previous results regarding the pattern of hyperdontia (supernumerary teeth) are controversial, this study aimed to assess this subject among Iranian orthodontic patients. Methods All approved panoramic radiographs of 3374 orthodontic patients (aged 10 to 20 years old) who had visited orthodontic departments of all Tehran dentistry universities and 10 private clinics during the years 1999-2009 were investigated to establish the prevalence/pattern of hyperdontia in permanent dentition (excluding third molars). The data were analyzed using a chi-square, a chi-square goodness-of-fit, and a Fisher exact test (α=0.05). Results Of the patients, 2012 were female and 1362 were male. The prevalence of hyperdontia was 0.72% (14 females [0.69% of females], 10 males [0.73% of males], female-to-male ratio=1:1.055). The difference between the genders was not significant (P = 0.896). No double or multiple supernumeraries were found. The most common accessory teeth were mesiodens (58.3%), maxillary laterals (25%), and maxillary premolars (16.7%). Hyperdontia was significantly more common (P=0.000) in maxilla (there was only one mandibular accessory tooth). It was more frequent in the anterior segment (P=0.000). However the occurrence was not significantly different between bimaxillary right and left quadrants (P=0.6). Conclusion Hyperdontia was more common in premaxilla, and the most common accessory tooth was mesiodens. Unlike earlier studies, no bilateral accessory teeth were found. Also no gender dimorphism was discerned.