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2. Sharing Behavior in Ride-hailing Trips: A Machine Learning Inference Approach

Author

Taiebat, Morteza, Amini, Elham, and Xu, Ming

Subjects
Computer Science - Machine Learning, Computer Science - Computers and Society, Economics - Econometrics
Abstract

Ride-hailing is rapidly changing urban and personal transportation. Ride sharing or pooling is important to mitigate negative externalities of ride-hailing such as increased congestion and environmental impacts. However, there lacks empirical evidence on what affect trip-level sharing behavior in ride-hailing. Using a novel dataset from all ride-hailing trips in Chicago in 2019, we show that the willingness of riders to request a shared ride has monotonically decreased from 27.0% to 12.8% throughout the year, while the trip volume and mileage have remained statistically unchanged. We find that the decline in sharing preference is due to an increased per-mile costs of shared trips and shifting shorter trips to solo. Using ensemble machine learning models, we find that the travel impedance variables (trip cost, distance, and duration) collectively contribute to 95% and 91% of the predictive power in determining whether a trip is requested to share and whether it is successfully shared, respectively. Spatial and temporal attributes, sociodemographic, built environment, and transit supply variables do not entail predictive power at the trip level in presence of these travel impedance variables. This implies that pricing signals are most effective to encourage riders to share their rides. Our findings shed light on sharing behavior in ride-hailing trips and can help devise strategies that increase shared ride-hailing, especially as the demand recovers from pandemic.

Published
2022
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14. Micromorphological study of some Salsola species (Amaranthaceae) in Iran and its systematic significance using scanning electron microscopy.

Author

Amini, Elham, Sattarian, Ali, Nasrollahi, Fatemeh, Daneshvar, Abolfazl, Esmaeili, Majid Mohammad, Sani, Leila Hamidzadeh, and Haghighi, Sona

Abstract

Using scanning electron microscopy (SEM), six Salsola species from Iran were examined for their epidermis, seed, and fruit micromorphology. Among them were S. brachiata from section Heterotricha, S dendroides, S. incanescens, and S. orientalis from section Caroxylon, S. kali from section Kali, and S. turcomanica from section Physurus. Epidermal cells are divided into three types. There were diamond, irregular, and polygonal cells, as well as straight and undulated walls. Studied species of Salsola have smooth or sculptured fruit surfaces, and there are three main types of fruit surface ornamentation. There is a significant difference between these species based on the type of hair and density of the fruit. Seed shape and color have little systematic significance. The seed epidermis is composed of polygonal, elongated polygonal, irregular, and diamond cells. Although polygonal and irregular testa cells are most common, their size and shape can provide additional information and useful diagnostic characteristics at both specific and infraspecific levels. For taxonomic separation, the current study provides novel insights at micromorphological levels. Research Highlights: This article reports halophyte are shown as models for adaptation to extreme habitats.These plants are placed among the ecological communities of xerophytes. Here, for the first time, the microstructural analysis of Salsola has been investigated.Additionally, it provides new insights into plant species' response to extreme conditions, as well as possible adaptation strategies at the micromorphological level. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Published
2024
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15. The gendered and sexual experiences of Iranian Muslim menopausal women : a biographical narrative approach

Author

Amini, Elham

Subjects
618.1
Abstract

This thesis explores the processes through which sexual and gendered experiences of Iranian Muslim menopausal women are shaped by hegemonic gender norms, and how these women do, in turn, express their agency. It addresses a significant gap in the literature, due in part to the dominant biomedical discourse that have failed to acknowledge the role of sociocultural factors in understanding the sexuality of menopausal women. Moreover, it is the first study that analyses the sexual, embodied and gendered experiences of Iranian Muslim menopausal women from their point of view, contributing to biographical sociology and sexualities research. Specifically, this is achieved by undertaking empirical research linking sexuality, ageing, and the body to the matter of menopause - conceived here as a gendered, embodied and lived phenomenon characterised both by cultural constraint and by individual reflexive body techniques. 30 biographical, life course interviews, were conducted and I scrutinise the ways in which women articulate critical agency and bodily practices in milieux structured by masculine power over three different stages of their lives: childhood, womanhood and menopause. Highlighting the events and experiences that have been significant in shaping the sexual and gendered biographies of my interviewees, I discuss how cultural meanings and symbols have emerged and been negotiated by these women at these different stages of their lives. Importantly, it is argued that this ultimately demonstrates the significance of female agency in respect of the socio-cultural contexts in which women are typically conceived as being afforded little autonomy, as well as their reflexive embodiment, their cultural consent as well as the contesting of power. Indeed, the women’s stories reveal that ‘the gendered body’ and experiences of sexuality are created in the interaction between, at the macro-level, socio-cultural structures and, at the micro-level, personal, embodied, responses to these normative structures.

Published
2017

17. Dosing Cefazolin for Surgical Site Infection Prophylaxis in Adolescent Idiopathic Scoliosis Surgery: Intermittent Bolus or Continuous Infusion?—A Pilot Study.

Author

Yu, Yichao, Dooley, F. Cole, Woods, Anna, Gunnett, Amy, Chandasana, Hardik, Amini, Elham, Garvan, Cynthia, Ihnow, Stephanie, Blakemore, Laurel C., Sangari, Taran, and Seubert, Christoph N.

Subjects
ADOLESCENT idiopathic scoliosis, SURGICAL site infections, BOLUS drug administration, CEFAZOLIN, SPINAL fusion, ORTHOPEDIC braces
Abstract

Background: Cefazolin may minimize the risk of surgical site infection (SSI) following posterior spinal fusion (PSF) for adolescent idiopathic scoliosis (AIS). Cefazolin dosing recommendations vary and there is limited evidence for achieved tissue concentrations. Methods: We performed a randomized, controlled, prospective pharmacokinetic pilot study of 12 patients given cefazolin by either intermittent bolus (30 mg/kg every 3 h) or continuous infusion (30 mg/kg bolus followed by 10/mg/kg per hour) during PSF for AIS. Results: Patients were well matched for demographic and perioperative variables. While total drug exposure, measured as area-under-the-curve (AUC), was similar in plasma for bolus and infusion dosing, infusion dosing achieved greater cefazolin exposure in subcutaneous and muscle tissue. Using the pharmacodynamic metric of time spent above minimal inhibitory concentration (MIC), both bolus and infusion dosing performed well. However, when targeting a bactericidal concentration of 32 µg/mL, patients in the bolus group spent a median of 1/5 and 1/3 of the typical 6 h operative time below target in subcutaneous and muscle tissue, respectively. Conclusions: We conclude that intraoperative determination of cefazolin tissue concentrations is feasible and both bolus and infusion dosing of cefazolin achieve concentrations in excess of typical MICs. Infusion dosing appears to more consistently achieve bactericidal concentrations in subcutaneous and muscle tissues. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Published
2024
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19. Tumour infiltrating lymphocyte status is superior to histological grade, DNA mismatch repair and BRAF mutation for prognosis of colorectal adenocarcinomas with mucinous differentiation

Author

Williams, David S., Mouradov, Dmitri, Newman, Marsali R., Amini, Elham, Nickless, David K., Fang, Catherine G., Palmieri, Michelle, Sakthianandeswaren, Anuratha, Li, Shan, Ward, Robyn L., Hawkins, Nicholas J., Skinner, Iain, Jones, Ian, Gibbs, Peter, and Sieber, Oliver M.

Published
2020
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21. Correction to: Can Pharmacokinetic Studies Assess the Pulmonary Fate of Dry Powder Inhaler Formulations of Fluticasone Propionate?

Author

Hochhaus, Günther, Chen, Mong-Jen, Kurumaddali, Abhinav, Schilling, Uta, Jiao, Yuanyuan, Drescher, Stefanie K., Amini, Elham, Berger, Simon M., Kandala, Bhargava, Tabulov, Christine, Shao, Jie, Seay, Brandon, Abu-Hasan, Mutasim N., Baumstein, Sandra M., Winner, Lawrence, Shur, Jagdeep, Price, Robert, Hindle, Michael, Wei, Xiangyin, Carrasco, Cynthia, Sandell, Dennis, Oguntimein, Oluwamurewa, Kinjo, Minori, Delvadia, Renishkumar, Saluja, Bhawana, Lee, Sau L., Conti, Denise S., and Bulitta, Jürgen B.

Published
2022
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27. List of contributors

Author

Amini, Elham, primary, Bäckman, Per, additional, Bäckström, Erica, additional, Biddiscombe, Martyn, additional, Bonn, Britta, additional, Borghardt, Jens Markus, additional, Conway, Joy, additional, de Boer, Anne Haaije, additional, Donnelley, Martin, additional, Enlo-Scott, Zachary, additional, Forbes, Ben, additional, Fridén, Markus, additional, Gardner, Mark, additional, Hickey, Anthony J., additional, Himstedt, Anneke, additional, Hochhaus, Guenther, additional, Hoffman, Eric A., additional, Kassinos, Stavros, additional, Koullapis, Pantelis, additional, Lin, Ching-Long, additional, Lundbäck, Hans, additional, Morgan, Kaye, additional, Olsson, Bo, additional, Parsons, David, additional, Perry, Matthew, additional, Stylianou, Fotos, additional, Svensson, Mårten, additional, Swedrowska, Magda, additional, Sznitman, Josué, additional, Thalberg, Kyrre, additional, and Usmani, Omar, additional

Published
2021
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33. Sensitivity of Pharmacokinetics to Differences in the Particle Size Distribution for Formulations of Locally Acting Mometasone Furoate Suspension-Based Nasal Sprays

Author

Amini, Elham, primary, Berger, Simon M., additional, Schilling, Uta, additional, Jiao, Yuanyuan, additional, Chen, Mong-Jen, additional, Bachhav, Sagar, additional, Baumstein, Sandra M., additional, Tang, Yufei, additional, Al-Humiari, Mohammed, additional, Leon Astudillo, Carmen E., additional, Drescher, Stefanie, additional, Iley, Teresa, additional, Shur, Jagdeep, additional, Price, Robert, additional, Carrasco, Cynthia, additional, Conti, Denise S., additional, Delvadia, Renishkumar, additional, Oguntimein, Oluwamurewa, additional, Witzmann, Kimberly, additional, Absar, Mohammad, additional, Luke, Markham C., additional, Boc, Susan, additional, Dhapare, Sneha, additional, Saluja, Bhawana, additional, Bielski, Elizabeth, additional, Newman, Bryan, additional, Bulitta, Jürgen B., additional, and Hochhaus, Günther, additional

Published
2023
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36. Can Pharmacokinetic Studies Assess the Pulmonary Fate of Dry Powder Inhaler Formulations of Fluticasone Propionate?

Author

Hochhaus, Günther, Chen, Mong-Jen, Kurumaddali, Abhinav, Schilling, Uta, Jiao, Yuanyuan, Drescher, Stefanie K., Amini, Elham, Berger, Simon M., Kandala, Bhargava, Tabulov, Christine, Shao, Jie, Seay, Brandon, Abu-Hasan, Mutasim N., Baumstein, Sandra M., Winner, Lawrence, Shur, Jagdeep, Price, Robert, Hindle, Michael, Wei, Xiangyin, Carrasco, Cynthia, Sandell, Dennis, Oguntimein, Oluwamurewa, Kinjo, Minori, Delvadia, Renishkumar, Saluja, Bhawana, Lee, Sau L., Conti, Denise S., and Bulitta, Jürgen B.

Published
2021
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48. The malleable brain: plasticity of neural circuits and behavior – a review from students to students

Author

Schaefer, Natascha, Rotermund, Carola, Blumrich, Eva‐Maria, Lourenco, Mychael V., Joshi, Pooja, Hegemann, Regina U., Jamwal, Sumit, Ali, Nilufar, García Romero, Ezra Michelet, Sharma, Sorabh, Ghosh, Shampa, Sinha, Jitendra K., Loke, Hannah, Jain, Vishal, Lepeta, Katarzyna, Salamian, Ahmad, Sharma, Mahima, Golpich, Mojtaba, Nawrotek, Katarzyna, Paidi, Ramesh K., Shahidzadeh, Sheila M., Piermartiri, Tetsade, Amini, Elham, Pastor, Veronica, Wilson, Yvette, Adeniyi, Philip A., Datusalia, Ashok K., Vafadari, Benham, Saini, Vedangana, Suárez‐Pozos, Edna, Kushwah, Neetu, Fontanet, Paula, and Turner, Anthony J.

Published
2017
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50. Maternal long-term inhalation exposure to perchloroethylene and prenatal teratogenicity: morphometric, hormonal, and histological study.

Author

Mirazi, Naser, Amini, Elham, Hosseini, Abdolkarim, Izadi, Zahra, and Nourian, Alireza

Subjects
*PRENATAL exposure, *LABORATORY rats, *GENITALIA, *BIRTH rate, *TETRACHLOROETHYLENE
Abstract

Some commonly used chemicals have teratogenic effects. Perchloroethylene (PCE) is a liquid that is widely used in various industries and drying clothes. In this study, the teratogenic effects of PCE in rat embryos were investigated. In this experimental study, 32 adult Wistar female rats in the weight range of 230-250 g were used. Female rats were randomly divided into 4 groups (n = 8). Control group (without PCE inhalation), experimental group G(I) (exposed to PCE 18 days prior to mating), experimental group G(II) (exposed to PCE 18 days after mating) and experimental group G(III) (exposed to PCE 18 days before and 18 days after mating). Pregnant rats were anesthetized on the 18th day of gestation and then serum and embryos were removed for the required studies. Embryos were examined for number, weight, sex, morphometric parameters of organs, and tissue samples were prepared for histological studies. Serum isolated from dams were evaluated for sexual and gonadal hormones. The results of this study showed that PCE has teratogenic effects on rat embryos. Infertility and reduced birth rate were other effects of PCE in rats. PCE has teratogenic effects and impairs the reproductive system of rats. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Published
2023
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