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Abstract Background One of the most challenging aspects of treating patients facing primary ovarian insufficiency, especially those eligible for controlled ovarian hyperstimulation (COH), is the assessment of ovarian function and response to stimulatory protocols in terms of the number of oocytes retrieved. The lack of consistency between studies regarding the best parameter for response evaluation necessitates a comprehensive statistical analysis of the most commonly utilized ovarian reserve markers (ORM). This systematic review and meta-analysis aims to establish the optimal metric for assessing ovarian reserve among COH candidates. Methods The PubMed/MEDLINE, Scopus, and ISI Web of Science databases were searched until July 2024, with no date or language limitations. The Newcastle–Ottawa scale was used to evaluate the validity of anti-Mullerian hormone (AMH), antral follicle count (AFC), follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH), and estradiol (E2) in patients receiving controlled ovarian hyperstimulation. Studies on the diagnostic accuracy of ovarian reserve markers in predicting ovarian response to controlled ovarian hyperstimulation in assisted reproduction technology (ART) candidates were reviewed. The diagnostic odds ratio (DOR) was determined using the Der Simonian-Laird random effects model meta-analysis to assess the likelihood of detecting low or high ovarian responses in COH candidates. Cochran’s Q, and I-squared, were used to analyze between-study heterogeneity. Results This systematic review and meta-analysis included 26 studies including 17 cohorts, 4 case controls, and 5 cross-sectional studies. AFC and AMH demonstrated significant diagnostic performance compared to FSH and E2 in poor and high response category. AMH slightly outperformed AMH and had the highest logarithm of DOR for detecting poor [2.68 (95% CI 1.90, 3.45)] and high ovarian response [2.76 (95% CI 1.57, 3.95)]. However, it showed a high between-study heterogeneity (I 2 = 95.65, Q = 189.65, p

Abstract FADS1 rs174556 polymorphism influences on dietary fats metabolism and type 2 diabetes (T2DM). This study aimed to compare the effect of three oils of sesame, canola and sesame-canola on cardio metabolic factors across genotypes of rs174556 variant in patients with type 2 of diabetes. This study was a randomized triple-blind three-way cross-over clinical trial. 95 Subjects with T2DM replaced their regular dietary oil with sesame oil, canola oil, or sesame-canola oil for three 9-week phases and completed the study. There were three anthropometric measurements, blood sampling and biochemical assessments at the beginning, middle, and at the end of each phase for assessments. Genotyping was conducted using the polymerase chain reaction-restriction fragment length polymorphism (PCR–RFLP) method. In the crude model, there was an interaction between consumed oils and rs174556 variant on serum concentration of Apolipoprotein A-I (ApoA-1). During intake of sesame oil, lower levels of triglycerides (TG) were observed in individuals with TT genotype compared to C allele carriers’ allele, which remained significant in adjusted models. Compared to C allele carrier’s, the people with TT genotype experienced significant increase and decrease in serum levels of HDL and TG, respectively in adjusted models. Also, the subjects who consumed sesame-canola oil had lower serum concentrations of fasting blood glucose than those who received sesame and canola oils, regardless of used oils and genotypes. FADS1 Gene variant (rs174556) might modify cardiometabolic changes following dietary vegetable oils. Larger longitudinal studies especially randomized clinical trials are needed to clarify these associations.

Limited data exists regarding the association between dietary patterns and asthma. This study aims to determine the relationship between empirically derived dietary patterns and the likelihood of asthma among a large population of children and adolescents living in central Iran. Methods: A total of 7667 of male and female students aged 6-14 from 48 public and private schools in YAZD urban areas entered the current cross-sectional study. Data on dietary intakes, as well as asthma symptoms and other possible confounders, were collected using a self-administered questionnaire filled by parents. Factor analysis was applied to find major dietary patterns. Multivariate logistic regression was performed to estimate the odds ratios (ORs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) for asthma development across quintiles of dietary patterns. Results: Two main dietary patterns were established. A “traditional diet” was determined by meat, fish, fruits, cooked vegetable, raw vegetable, legumes, cereals, bread, macaroni, rice, margarine, butter, olive oil, milk, yogurt, egg, nuts, potato, and a “western-like diet” was characterized by high intakes of simple sugars, fast food(hamburger), fast food (pizza), soft drinks, jelly, chocolate and biscuits of cocoa, ice cream, and sauce. After adjusting for potential confounders, individuals in the top quintile of traditional diet were 0.31 times less likely to have asthma than those in the lowest quintile (OR=0.69; 95% CI: 0.47-1.00). Moreover, individuals in the top quintile of traditional diet were 0.43 times less likely to have wheezing compared with those in the lowest quintile (OR=0.57, 95% CI: 0.46-0.70). However, individuals in the top quintile of the western diet were 0.35 times more likely to have wheezing than those in the lowest quintile (OR=1.35, 95% CI: 1.10-1.66). Conclusions: According to the results, a traditional diet might be associated with lower odds of asthma; however, a western-like diet might be adversely associated with asthma symptoms.

Abstract The holographic dark energy (HDE) model resides in quantum gravity in connection with the entropy, which requires an appropriate IR-cutoff to support the accelerating universe. Of these, the BHDE is corresponding to the quantum-corrected Barrow entropy $$S_{B}\propto A^{1+\Delta /2}$$ S B ∝ A 1 + Δ / 2 for which the Granda–Oliveros (GO) IR-cutoff $$L_{IR}=(\alpha H^2 + \beta \dot{H})^{-\frac{1}{2}}$$ L IR = ( α H 2 + β H ˙ ) - 1 2 avoids the causality problem of the typically used future event-horizon. As the cosmological evolution of the model has recently been studied, we include the relic-neutrinos to constraint the well-motivated model’s parameters ( $$\alpha , \beta , \Delta $$ α , β , Δ ) along with the total mass of neutrinos $$\sum m_{\nu }$$ ∑ m ν and the effective number of their species $$N_{eff}$$ N eff using a variety of the latest observational data. Utilizing the basic observations from 2018 Planck CMB-data, BAO-data, Pantheon sample of type Ia supernovae (SNIa), H(z) measurements of cosmic chronometers (CC) and various combinations of them, we find $$\sum m_{\nu } < 0.119$$ ∑ m ν < 0.119 eV (95 % CL) for CMB + ALL combination, aligning with $$\sum m_{\nu } < 0.12$$ ∑ m ν < 0.12 eV, (95% CL) of 2018 Planck release plus BAO data. The value of $$N_{eff}=2.98^{+0.25}_{-0.25}$$ N eff = 2 . 98 - 0.25 + 0.25 (68% CL) is also determined which is consistent with BAO+Planck’s $$N_{eff}=2.99^{+0.17}_{-0.17}$$ N eff = 2 . 99 - 0.17 + 0.17 (68% CL). The AIC analysis shows that the model (especially its $$\alpha =1$$ α = 1 case) is (mildly) favored over the concordance $$\Lambda $$ Λ CDM for that complete combination. Furthermore, the Barrow–Granda–Oliveros parameters are found in using the above datasets, as they get $$\alpha =0.98^{+0.06}_{-0.06}$$ α = 0 . 98 - 0.06 + 0.06 , $$\beta =0.597^{+0.07}_{-0.08}$$ β = 0 . 597 - 0.08 + 0.07 and $$\Delta =0.0054^{+0.0076}_{-0.0076}$$ Δ = 0 . 0054 - 0.0076 + 0.0076 for CMB + ALL combination, where are in agreement with previous studies. The use of these best-fitting values in plotting the deceleration parameter q(z) shows that the universe undergoes a deceleration-acceleration transition at $$z_{tr}=0.63$$ z tr = 0.63 , by entering the current phase of dark-energy domination with $$q_0=-\,0.573$$ q 0 = - 0.573 .

Abstract Background A few studies have examined the association between different types of dietary fiber as well as their sources and the risk of breast cancer (BC) and the present study aimed to investigate these associations in a case-control study among Iranian women. Methods A total of 464 women with pathologically confirmed breast cancer within the past year and 498 age-matched healthy controls were included. Dietary intakes were assessed using a 168-item food frequency questionnaire. The association between dietary soluble, insoluble, total dietary fiber, as well as, fiber from fruits, vegetables, legumes, cereals, and nuts intake with odds of breast cancer was assessed using multivariate logistic regression analysis. Results Mean total dietary fiber intake of patients with and without cancer were 33.1 ± 15.3 g per day (g/d) and 34.2 ± 16.5 (g/d), respectively. Dietary total fiber (OR = 0.65; 95%CI: 0.47–0.90, Ptrend = 0.01), insoluble fiber (OR = 0.68; 95%CI: 0.49–0.93, Ptrend = 0.01), fruits’ fiber (OR = 0.68; 95%CI: 0.49–0.94, Ptrend = 0.02), and vegetables’ fiber (OR = 0.66; 95%CI: 0.48–0.91, Ptrend = 0.01) were significantly associated with reduced likelihood of developing breast cancer in all participants. Furthermore, dietary total and insoluble fiber, as well as, fiber from fruits were significantly associated with lower odds of breast cancer in premenopausal women (P

Abstract Purpose The risk of breast cancer (BC) and related mortality have increased in Middle-East countries during recent decades. The relationship between several nutrient intakes and the risk of BC has been investigated in several studies. However, few studies have estimated the effects of patterns of different nutrient intake on the risk of BC in this region. Methods A total of 453 patients who were recently diagnosed with breast cancer and 516 healthy women participated in the current case–control study. To evaluate the dietary intakes, we used a validated 168-item food frequency questionnaire (FFQ) during the last year. Nutrient Patterns (NPs) were extracted through factor analysis (FA) of energy-adjusted twenty-six nutrients. The relationship between nutrient patterns and the risk of breast cancer in pre and post-menopausal women was estimated by multivariable regression. Results Four major nutrient patterns were identified in the current study. The first nutrient pattern was rich in animal protein, retinol, riboflavin, pantothenic acid, cobalamin, and calcium. Higher saturated fatty acids (SFAs), mono-unsaturated fatty acids (MUFAs), polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs), and trans fatty acids (TFAs), and lower intakes of niacin were observed in nutrient pattern 2. The third nutrient pattern was rich in fiber, potassium, and vitamin C. Nutrient pattern 4, was associated with higher intakes of vegetable protein, alpha-tocopherol, and magnesium. A significant inverse relationship was observed between adherence to nutrient pattern 3 and the risk of BC in all participants [odds ratio (OR) = 0.70, 95% confidence interval (CI): 0.50, 0.97, P = 0.03) and pre-menopausal women (OR = 0.59 (0.39–0.89), P = 0.01). Conclusion Decreasing odds of breast cancer were observed by adherence to a nutrient pattern high in dietary fiber, vitamin C, and potassium. Future prospective investigations are recommended to confirm these findings.

Anxiety is one of the most prevalent mental illnesses globally. While there are long-established, separate, and bidirectional connections between nutrition, excess body weight, and anxiety, it is still unclear how these variables interact and affect anxiety state. The aim of the current investigation was to determine whether there was a significant interaction between major dietary patterns (DPs) and overweight/obesity status in relation to the chance of anxiety among Iranian individuals in Yazd, Iran. Methods: This cross-sectional study was conducted on baseline data of a large Iranian cohort study (Yazd Health Study: YaHS-TAMYZ). Dietary intakes were collected via a validated food frequency questionnaire. Major DPs were identified by principal component analysis (PCA). Then, body weight was assessed via an accurate body analyzer. Anxiety score was also evaluated using the validated scale-21 (DASS-21) questionnaire. Finally, the interaction between DPs and overweight/obesity in relation to the odds of anxiety was assessed using a multivariable adjusted binary logistic regression. Results: In total, 5781 participants were included in the present investigation. Individuals with the highest adherence to "high animal protein" DP and with overweight/obesity state had significantly lower odds of anxiety compared to those with the lowest imitation and normal body weight (P for interaction: 0.03). Conclusion: Findings of the current study revealed that the “high animal protein” DP may be inversely linked to the lower chance of anxiety in participants with overweight/obesity. Yet, further long-term prospective investigations are required to confirm the results.

Background: Limited investigations have focused on the association between the Mediterranean dietary (MeD) and asthma among children and adolescents. We aimed to study the associations between a modified Mediterranean dietary pattern and asthma symptoms in children living in Iran. Method: This cross-sectional study was conducted among 7667 children and adolescence. Data on dietary intakes, asthma symptoms and other possible confounders, were collected using a questionnaire completed by parents. The relationship between Mediterranean diet (MeD) and asthma was assessed using logistic regression. Results: We found that participants in the highest quartile of MeD score had 32% lower odds of wheezing in the past 12 months in the whole population when compared with those in the lowest quartile (OR: 0.68; 95% CI: 0.51–0.90; Ptrend

ObjectivesThe effect of non-nutritive sweeteners (NNSs) on long-term satiety is not well understood. This systematic review and meta-analysis were performed to investigate the effect of NNSs on long-term total energy and macronutrients intake.MethodsOnline databases including Scopus, PubMed, ISI Web of Science, and Google Scholar were searched up to September 2024 to find relevant randomized control trials (RCTs). A random effects model was used for estimating the overall effects.ResultsThe results showed a reducing effect of NNSs consumption vs. sugar on total energy intake [total energy intake change = −175.26 kcal/day, 95% confidence interval (CI): −296.47 to −54.06, I2 = 61.19%] and carbohydrate intake [Hedges’ g = −0.35, 95% CI: −0.63 to −0.06, I2 = 58.99%]. While, NNSs intake vs. water was not associated with significant change in total energy intake [total energy intake change = 29.94 kcal/day, 95% CI: −70.37 to 130.24, I2 = 34.98%] and carbohydrate intake [Hedges’ g = 0.28, 95% CI: −0.02 to 0.58, I2 = 65.26%]. The Consumption of NNSs compared to the either sugar or water did not have a significant effect on fat intake [Hedges’ g sugar = 0.08, 95% CI: −0.10 to 0.26, I2 = 8.73%/ fat intake change water = 0.20 g/day, 95% CI: −3.48 to 3.88, I2 = 0%] and Protein intake [Hedges’ g sugar = 0.16, 95% CI: −0.11 to 0.42, I2 = 50.83%/Hedges’ g water = 0.00, 95% CI: −0.15 to 0.16, I2 = 0%].ConclusionIn summary, our findings suggest that NNSs consumption may be effective in reducing total energy and carbohydrate intake compared to sugar.Systematic Review Registrationhttps://www.crd.york.ac.uk/prospero/display_record.php?RecordID=432816, CRD42023432816.

Abstract Background Obesity is a major public health issue with no definitive treatment. The first-line approach for obesity is lifestyle modification, including a healthy diet. Although the amount of fat has been considered, there is no network meta-analysis (NMA) study investigating the effect of edible oils on body weight. Therefore, we sought to investigate the effect of different edible oils on body weight using a systematic review and NMA study of randomized controlled trials (RCTs). Method PubMed, Scopus, ISI Web of Science, and the Cochrane Library were searched from inception to April 2019. RCTs of different edible oils for body weight were included. A frequentist network meta-analysis was conducted to appraise the efficacy of different types of edible oils, and the Surface Under the Cumulative Ranking Curve (SUCRA) was estimated. The GRADE framework was used to assess the certainty of evidence. Results Forty-two eligible studies were included. Most of the included trials examined the effect of olive oil compared to canola oil (n = 7 studies), followed by canola oil compared to sunflower oil (n = 6 studies), and olive oil compared to sunflower oil (n = 4 studies). Sesame oil had the highest SUCRA value for reducing weight (SUCRA value = 0.9), followed by the mixture of canola and sesame oil (0.8). Palm oil and soy oil were ranked the lowest (SUCRA value = 0.2). Conclusion There is low to moderate certainty of evidence showing that soybean, palm, and sunflower oils were associated with weight gain, while sesame oil produced beneficial anti-obesity effects.

Abstract Background and objective We are not aware of studies examining the association between dietary meal intake habits (DMIH) and severity of coronary artery stenosis (CAS). This study was conducted to investigate the relationship between DMIH and the severity of CAS as well as cardiometabolic risk factors in adults undergoing coronary angiography. Methods This cross-sectional study was done on 720 patients undergoing coronary angiography (aged 35–75 years) who were admitted to Afshar Hospital, a referral hospital for cardiovascular diseases in Yazd, Iran. Data on DMIH were gathered by interview. Blood samples were taken for biochemical analysis. Blood pressure, anthropometric indices, and body composition were also evaluated. The relationship between DMIH and the severity of CAS [examined by angiography based on Gensini Score (GS) and Syntax Score (SS)] and cardiometabolic risk factors were assessed using logistic regression and the analysis of covariance (ANCOVA), respectively, in crude and multivariable adjusted models. Results After adjustment for all possible confounding variables, the study revealed that people who ate 3 meals/day had a lower risk of severe CAS compared to people who ate 2 or fewer meals (OR = 0.48, 95% CI: 0.26, 0.88, P-trend = 0.02). There was an inverse association between the number of snacks /day and the severity of CAS (OR = 0.43, 95% CI: 0.22, 0.87, P-trend = 0.02). There was also an inverse relationship between breakfast frequency/week and the severity of CAS based on both GS and SS (P

Abstract Several risk factors including environmental exposures, socioeconomic status, and dietary factors including dietary patterns have been considered for childhood Asthma. The present study tried to examine the association between a western-style pattern and the likelihood of asthma and its symptoms in Yazd, Iran. In the present cross-sectional study, dietary intakes of elementary and high-school children were obtained through a validated GAN questionnaire. The GAN questionnaire, derived from the ISAAC questionnaire was used to assess the symptoms of allergic diseases and their related risk factors. A western dietary pattern score considered 9 food groups including chicken eggs, margarine, butter, sugar, fast foods, soft drinks, snacks, sauce, and chocolate. In total 7667 children aged 10.9 ± 3.35 years were included in the current investigation. Boys with higher adherence to western dietary pattern had a higher risk of wheezing in the past 12 months (OR 1.37, 5% CI 1.01–1.87, P = 0.04) and this association was also observed in the whole population (OR 1.30, 5% CI 1.05–1.60, P = 0.01). However, after adjustment for confounders this relation did not remain significant in boys. Our results support the hypothesis that a western dietary pattern is associated with an increased risk of wheezing in the past 12 months in children with asthma. Future prospective studies are needed to confirm this finding.

Abstract Background The Dietary Approaches to Stop Hypertension (DASH) diet, which has a lot of emphasis on the consumption of fruits, vegetables, and whole grains, and on the other hand, the consumption of red meat and sodium is limited, due to its anti-inflammatory properties, which can be related to reducing the risk of asthma. Objectives The aim of this study was to determine the relationship between the DASH diet and asthma symptoms among children and adolescents. Methods This cross-sectional study was conducted among7667 children (3414 boys and 4253 girls) aged 6–7 and 13–14 years living in central Iran. Dietary food consumption was assessed using a multiple-choice questionnaire. Logistic regression was used to obtain odds ratios for the association between the DASH-like diet with current asthma and asthma symptoms. Results Our findings revealed that higher adherence to a DASH-like diet resulted in lower odds of asthma confirmed by a doctor among the whole population (OR = 0.53; 95%CI: 0.36–0.76) and also in females (OR = 0.47; 95%CI: 0.29–0.78). Moreover, the higher adherence to the DASH-like diet was inversely associated with the chance of wheezing in the past 12 months in all subjects (OR = 0.67; 95%CI: 0.51–0.86) and in boys (OR = 0.57; 95%CI: 0.38–0.85). Conclusion The findings of the present study showed that following the DASH diet can be associated with the improvement of asthma symptoms in children and adolescents. However, more research is needed to improve dietary recommendations for asthma prevention.

Abstract Aloe barbadensis is a drought-tolerant perennial medicinal plant with both nutritional and cosmetic uses. Drought is one of the main abiotic stresses limiting plant growth and development. However, the use of drought-resistant plants combined with beneficial soil micro-organisms could improve the effectiveness of biological methods to mitigate drought damage. This research aims to evaluate the effects of Funneliformis mosseae (MF), plant growth-promoting rhizobacteria (PGPR) (including Pseudomonas putida and Pantoea agglomerans), and their co-inoculation on the macronutrient status, antioxidant enzyme activities, and other morphophysiological traits of A. barbadensis under four irrigation regimes [25%, 50%, 75% and 100% of water requirement (WR)]. Three harvests were conducted, revealing that inoculation enhanced the survival rate and shoot fresh weight (SFW) compared to the control plants. However, at 25% WR, the SFW was reduced by 43% more than the control. across all harvests, while the PGPR + MF treatment showed increases of more than 19%, 11%, and 17% compared to the control, MF, and PGPR treatments, respectively. The results also showed that A. barbadensis exhibited innate drought tolerance up to a 50% WR level by enhancing physiological defenses, such as antioxidant enzyme activity. Inoculation increased the macronutrient status of the plant at all levels of irrigation regimes especially under severe drought conditions. The highest levels of nitrogen (N) (16.24 mg g−1 DW) and phosphorus (P) (11.29 mg g−1 DW) were observed in the PGPR + MF treatment at 100% WR. The maximum relative water content under MF inoculation and 75% WR (98.24%) (98.24%) was reached. PGPR + MF treatment alleviated drought-induced osmotic stress, as indicated by reduced antioxidant enzyme activities and electrolyte leakage. However, P. putida and P. agglomerans strains alone or in combination with F. mosseae increased plant yield, macronutrient uptake and antioxidant enzyme activity. This study underscores the potential of these PGPR and MF strains as invaluable biological tools for the cultivation of A. barbadensis in regions with severe drought stress.

Mitigating drought stress is important for corn production. One way to alleviate drought stress and increase yield is to use supplementary Zn and Zn-solubilizing bacteria. The objective of this study was to investigate the effects of ZnSO4 combined with rhizosphere bacteria on the yield, Zn uptake, relative water content (RWC), and water use efficiency (WUE) of corn under drought stress. A field experiment was conducted with sufficient irrigation, moderate stress, and the application of different combinations of ZnSO4 and Zn-solubilizing bacteria. These combinations included four levels without Zn, with Zn applied to foliage, soil, or seed priming, and three levels of bacteria (without bacteria, Pseudomonas fluorescens, and P. aeruginosa). Drought stress decreased RWC by 11 %, the cobs/m2 by 9 %, and increased WUE by 5.7 % in corn. However, priming or foliar application of ZnSO4 with both P. fluorescens and P. aeruginosa strains increased the number of cobs/m2 by 12.5 % and the number of rows/cob by 15 %. Additionally, most methods of applying ZnSO4 and bacteria increased the number of grains, 100-grain weight, grain yield, and WUE of corn. The results showed a 48 % and 52 % increase in 100-grain weight with the foliar application of ZnSO4 and P. aeruginosa, respectively, under normal and drought conditions compared to the control. Soil application of ZnSO4 without bacteria or foliar application of ZnSO4 with P. aeruginosa enhanced grain and biological yield by 48 % and 8.9 % under drought stress, respectivly. Similarly, under sufficient irrigation, Zn seed priming with P. aeruginosa increased grain yield by 39.6 % and biological yield by 14.9 % compared with the control. Drought stress and foliar application of ZnSO4 with P. fluorescens and P. aeruginosa increased the Zn content of corn leaves and grains. In conclusion, although drought decreased corn performance, foliar or priming of ZnSO4 with Pseudomonas bacterial strains improved yield.

Background: Several studies assessed the relationship between the cholesterol ester transfer protein (CETP) Taq1B gene polymorphism (rs708272) with risk factors of cardiovascular diseases (CVDs). However, their findings were inconsistent. The present study investigated the relationship between CVD risk factors and the Taq1B variant in patients undergoing coronary angiography. Methods: This cross-sectional study was conducted on 476 patients aged 30-76 years old of both sexes from 2020-2021, in Yazd (Iran). The Taq1B polymorphism genotypes were evaluated using polymerase chain reaction-restriction fragment length polymorphism (PCR-RFLP) on DNA extracted from whole blood. Standard protocols were used to measure cardio-metabolic markers. To determine the association between CVDs risk factors and the rs708272 variant, binary logistic regression was used in crude and adjusted models.Results: Taq1B polymorphism genotype frequencies were 10.7% for B1B1, 72.3% for B1B2, and 17% for B2B2. There was no significant association between abnormal levels of CVDs risk factors and different genotypes of the Taq1B variant, Gensini score (P=0.64), Syntax score (P=0.79), systolic blood pressure (P=0.55), diastolic blood pressure (P=0.58), and waist circumference (P=0.79). There was no significant association between genotypes of the rs708272 variant and any abnormal serum lipid levels. After adjusting for confounders, the results remained non-significant.Conclusion: There was no significant association between CVDs risk factors and CETP rs708272 polymorphism. The relationship between CETP gene variants and CVD occurrences varied across groups, implying that more research in different regions is required. A preprint version of this manuscript is available at https://www.researchsquare.com/article/rs-2575215/v1 with doi: 10.21203/rs.3.rs-2575215/v1.

Abstract The $$H_{0}$$ H 0 tension stands as a prominent challenge in cosmology, serving as a primary driver for exploring alternative models of dark energy. Another tension arises from measurements of the $$ S_{8} $$ S 8 parameter, which is characterize the amplitude of matter fluctuations in the universe. In this study, we address the alleviation of both the Hubble tension and $$ S_{8} $$ S 8 tension by incorporating Kaniadakis horizon entropy. We investigate two scenarios to explore the impact of this entropy on cosmological parameters. In the first scenario, utilizing modified Friedmann equations through Kaniadakis entropy, we estimate the values of $$H_{0}$$ H 0 and $$ S_{8} $$ S 8 . In the subsequent scenario, we introduce the neutrino term and assess its effect on mitigating the Hubble and $$ S_{8} $$ S 8 tensions. Our findings reveal that when considering the first scenario, the results closely align with Planck’s 2018 outcomes for Hubble and $$ S_{8} $$ S 8 tensions. Moreover, with the inclusion of neutrinos, these tensions are alleviated to approximately 2 $$\sigma $$ σ , and the $$ S_{8} $$ S 8 value is in full agreement with the results from the KiDS and DES survey. Furthermore, we impose a constraint on the parameter K in each scenario. Our analysis yields $$K = 0.12\pm 0.41$$ K = 0.12 ± 0.41 for Kaniadakis entropy without neutrinos and $$K = 0.39\pm 0.4$$ K = 0.39 ± 0.4 for the combined dataset considering Kaniadakis entropy in the presence of neutrinos. We demonstrate that the value of K may be affected by neutrino mass, which can cause energy transfer between different parts of the universe and alter the Hubble parameter value.

Abstract Background The current studies explore the effect of omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs) on appetite. Objective To examine the effect of omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids (n-3 PUFAs) on appetite using a systematic review and meta-analysis of controlled clinical trials (CTs). Patients and methods Online databases including PubMed, Scopus, ISI Web of Science, and Google Scholar were searched up to January 2022. A random-effects model was used to compare the overall standardized mean difference in appetite scores between n-3 PUFAs supplemented and control individuals. Results Fifteen eligible CTs with 1504 participants (872 for n-3 PUFA supplementation and 632 for placebo groups) were included in our systematic review. The meta-analysis showed no significant difference in overall appetite score between n-3 PUFAs supplemented and control groups (standardized mean difference [SMD] = 0.458, 95% confidence interval [CI] − 0.327, 1.242, P value = 0.25). However, the n-3 PUFA supplementation significantly increased the desire to eat (SMD = 1.07, 95% CI 0.116, 2.029, P = 0.02) compared to control. Conclusion Although we found no effect of omega-3 supplementation on overall appetite score, it modestly increases the desire to eat. Further CTs evaluating the effect of PUFAs on appetite are still needed to confirm these findings.

Abstract Aim Evidence indicates there are still conflicts regarding CETP Taq1B polymorphism and coronary artery disease risk factors. Current findings about whether dietary patterns can change the relationship of the Taq1B on lipid profile and the severity of coronary arteries stenosis appears to be limited. The present research made an attempt to investigate this possible relationship. Methods This cross-sectional study involved 453 male and female participants with a mean age of 57 years. A validated 178-item food frequency questionnaire (FFQ) was used to assess dietary usual intake. Dietary patterns were extracted through principal component analysis (PCA). Taq1B variant was genotyped by the polymerase chain reaction-restriction fragment length polymorphism (PCR-RFLP) method. Two-way ANOVA was used to test the interaction between Taq1B polymorphism and dietary patterns. Results Two dietary patterns were detected: the western dietary pattern (WDP) and the traditional dietary pattern (TDP). The frequency of Taq1B genotypes turned out to be 10.4, 72.4, and 17.2% for B1B1, B1B2, and B2B2, respectively. A significant difference was observed in TG and TG/HDL-C levels among TaqIB genotypes in higher adherence to TDP (P = 0.01 and P = 0.03, respectively). Taq1B showed a significant interaction with TDP for modulating TG levels and TG/HDL-C ratio (P = 0.02 and P = 0.04, respectively). Greater compliance to WDP demonstrated a significant difference in TG and TG/HDL-C levels across rs708272 genotypes (P = 0.03) after adjusting for confounding factors. Other lipid components and coronary arteries stenosis scores failed to show any relationship or significant difference across Taq1B genotypes or dietary patterns. Conclusion Adherence to TDP may adjust the association between the Taq1B variant and TG and TG/HDL-C levels in patients undergoing coronary angiography. To better understand the relationships, we suggest prospective studies in different race groups with multivariate approaches.

Abstract Background Intake of plant foods and phytochemicals can decrease the odds of mental health. Aim The aim of study is to investigate the association between Dietary Phytochemical Index (DPI) with symptoms of depression, anxiety and stress in a large sample of Iranian adults. Methods In this cross-sectional study, a total of 7385 adults aged 20–50 years old were provided from the recruitment phase of Yazd Health Study, a population-based cohort research on Iranian adults. Food intakes were assessed via a validated and reliable food frequency questionnaire. Symptoms of depression, anxiety and stress were assessed using a validated Depression, Anxiety and Stress Scales questionnaire with 21-items. DPI was calculated by the percent of daily energy intake taken from phytochemical-rich foods. Results After adjustment for potential confounders, normal weight subjects in the highest tertile of DPI had lower odds of depression (OR 0.65; 95% CI 0.44–0.97) and anxiety symptoms (OR 0.65; 95% CI 0.45–0.93) compared with those in the lowest tertile. However, the apparent association was not found between depression, anxiety and stress in overweight and obese subjects. Conclusion We found a significant association between DPI and mental health in normal weight adults. Prospective studies are required to approve these conclusions.

Background: Although some studies have reported that flavonoids can be associated with anti-obesity effects, the putative effects of hesperidin, as a subgroup of flavonoids, on anthropometric parameters are inconclusive. Therefore, this systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials (RCTs) was conducted to determine the effect of hesperidin supplementation on anthropometric measures in adults. Methods: A comprehensive literature search was performed until February 2022 in electronic databases such as PubMed, Scopus, Web of Science, and Google Scholar. The pooled results were obtained by a random-effects model. Results: A total of nine RCTs enrolling 493 participants were identified. Seven studies had illustrated the effect of hesperidin on weight, eight on body mass index (BMI), five on waist circumference (WC), two on waist to hip ratio (WHR), and two on hip circumference (HC). The results of the pooled analysis showed no significant changes in body weight (0.01 kg, 95% CI: -0.22, 0.24), BMI (-0.02 kg/m2, 95% CI: -0.16, 0.13), and WC (-0.48 cm, 95% CI: -1.52, 0.55) after hesperidin supplementation compared to the control group (P > 0.05). Qualitative assessment of other anthropometric indices also showed no beneficial effect of hesperidin in reducing WHR and HC values; however, these findings are not conclusive because of the limited number of studies. Conclusion: The present study provides no evidence that hesperidin supplementation is effective in improving anthropometric measures. More high-quality RCTs especially among overweight and obese individuals are needed to strengthen the evidence. Corresponding Author:Mohammad Mohammadi View Orcid in Profile You can search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar Profile

Abstract Despite the fact that the mass of the neutrinos is so small, they are produced in such vast numbers in the early Universe that their mass induces subtle effects on cosmological observables, primarily the growth of structure and the expansion history in the Universe. We consider the models where neutrino interacts with dark energy scalar field models; phantom, quintessence, and quintom. Also, we obtained the $$z_\textrm{nr}$$ z nr (the redshift at which a mass of neutrino $$m_{\nu }$$ m ν will become non-relativistic) and surveyed the effect of non-relativistic neutrinos on the structure formation. The data used in this paper are Pantheon + Analysis catalog, CMB, and BAO data. We obtained coupling constant $$\beta $$ β for neutrino and three scalar fields and found that larger $$\beta $$ β values will generally lead to larger neutrino mass in the Universe. For combination data, we found that the total mass of neutrino $$\sum m_{\nu }< 0.1197$$ ∑ m ν < 0.1197 eV $$(95\% $$ ( 95 % confidence level (C.L.) for quintom model and $$\sum m_{\nu }< 0.121 $$ ∑ m ν < 0.121 eV $$(95\% $$ ( 95 % confidence level (C.L.) for phantom model and $$\sum m_{\nu }< 0.122$$ ∑ m ν < 0.122 eV $$(95\% $$ ( 95 % confidence level (C.L.) for quintessence model. These results are in broad agreement with the results of Planck 2018 where the total neutrino mass is $$\sum m_{\nu }

Abstract Coronary artery disease (CAD) is one of the most important cardiovascular diseases. Lifestyle and genetic factors play important roles in the development of CAD. The aim of the study is to examine the interaction of dietary patterns and genes on the likelihood of abnormal lipid profile and coronary artery stenosis in Iranians undergoing coronary angiography. This cross-sectional study was performed on 440 patients who underwent coronary angiography. The factor analysis method was used to extract dietary patterns. Commercial kits have been used to assess biochemical parameters. The detection of the rs28362491 genotype was carried out by the method of restriction fragment length polymorphism. Traditional (TDP) and western dietary pattern (WDP) were extracted. We observed an interaction of adherence to TDP and rs28362491 on the odds of having a high Gensini score. These interactions indicated that higher adherence to TDP was associated with higher odds of having a high Gensini score for patients with DD genotype than for those with II genotype. (OR 2.33, 95%CI 1.00–5.44; P = 0.05). These interactions remained statistically significant even after confounder variables. We observed an interaction between higher adherence to TDP and rs28362491 variants on the odds of high low-density lipoprotein cholesterol levels (P = 0.04) in the unadjusted model. We found a significant interaction of this polymorphism and higher adherence to WDP on the odds of having a high Gensini score in the unadjusted model (P = 0.04). This study provides a basis for future research on NF-KB1 gene and diet interaction. More large-scale longitudinal studies are needed to validate these findings.

Abstract Background Dietary fatty acids can affect brain health by modifying neuronal membrane fluidity. Dietary lipophilic index (LI) and load (LL) may be related to cell membrane fluidity. This study aimed to determine the relationship between dietary LI and LL with symptoms of depression, anxiety and stress. Methods In this cross-sectional study, taken from the YaHS (Yazd Health Study) population-based cohort, the data of 2,982 individuals was extracted. Several questionnaires- a 178-item Food Frequency Questionnaire (FFQ), Depression, Anxiety and Stress Scale 21 (DASS 21), and International Physical Activity Questionnaire (IPAQ)- were used to obtain information on dietary intake, mental status, and physical activity, respectively. LI and LL were calculated using dietary intake and the melting point of each fatty acid. Results The analysis was performed on 2982 individuals. The odds ratio of depression in the second tertile of dietary LI compared to the first tertile was 0.815 (95% CI 0.66–1.00, P = 0.051, Ptrend = 0.017) and after adjusting confounders was 0.793 (95% CI 0.63–0.99, P = 0.043, Ptrend = 0.011). Also, LL was related inversely with anxiety (0.771, 95% CI 0.63–0.93, P = 0.003) that after multiple regression, OR of anxiety was 0.762 (95% CI 0.53–1.07, P = 0.045). The odds of stress in the third tertile of LL was 1.064 but not statistically significant (95% CI 0.88–1.28, P = 0.729). Conclusion This study showed an inverse association between dietary LI and depression symptoms. Anxiety and stress did not show a significant relationship with LI or LL.

Introduction: Genetic and environmental factors are involved in the pathogenesis of cardiovascular diseases (CVDs). The aim of the study was to investigate between the genotype of the NFKB1 gene and the cardiometabolic risk factor in patients undergoing coronary angiography. Methods: This cross-sectional study was conducted on 462 adults (male and women) aged between 35 and 75 years who referred to Afshar Hospital for coronary angiography in 2021- 2022. The polymerase chain reaction restriction fragment length polymorphism method was used to detect the genotype of rs28362491. Biochemical parameters were measured using commercial kits. Gensini and Syntax scores were calculated using the angiography result to assess the extent of coronary artery stenosis. We used multivariate logistic regression analysis to examine the relationship between genotype variants and cardiometabolic risk factors. Results: There was no association between variant genotypes and abnormally levels of serum alanine aminotransferase (ALT) (P value=0.51), aspartate aminotransferase (AST) (P value=0.99), triglyceride (TG) (P value=0.48), total cholesterol (P value=0.79), low density lipoprotein-cholestero (LDL-C) (P value=0.31), high-density lipoprotein-cholesterol (HDL-C) (P value=0.53), fast blood sugar (FBS) (P value=0.39), systolic blood pressure (P value=0.14), diastolic blood pressure (P value=0.64), Gensini score (P value=0.48) and syntax score (P value=0.74) in the crude model even after adjustment for confounding factors. Conclusion: We found no association between the ATTG polymorphism and cardiometabolic risk factors in patients who had coronary angiography. Further investigations are needed to assess the association between variants of 28362491 and cardiometabolic markers.

Background: Depression in adolescents is one of the major public health concerns that can affect educational attainment and social relationships and impose a high economic burden on society. Previous studies have provided limited information on the relationship between a healthy diet and depression in adolescents. The present study aimed to investigate the association of Healthy Eating Index-2015 (HEI-2015) with depression scores among adolescent girls. Methods: This cross-sectional study was conducted on 734 adolescent girls aged 12-18 years. Data on dietary intakes were collected using a valid and reliable food frequency questionnaire (FFQ), and diet quality was assessed based on HEI-2015. The Iranian validated version of Beck Depression Inventory (BDI) was used to evaluate depression. To explore the association between HEI-2015 and depression, logistic regression was used in crude and adjusted models. Results: The prevalence of a high depression score in the study population was 33.8%. After controlling for potential confounders, girls with the highest adherence to HEI-2015 compared to those with the lowest adherence had a 37% lower prevalence of depression (OR: 0.63; 95% CI 0.40 to 1.00, Ptrend=0.03). This finding remained significant after adjustment for confounding variables (age, energy intakes, physical activity, and BMI percentile). Conclusions: Greater adherence to HEI-2015 was associated with lower odds of depression in female adolescents. Prospective studies are necessary to confirm these results and clarify whether a causal relationship exists.

Background and objectiveDairy products may be associated with an increased risk of asthma, although there is little scientific evidence to support this association. The goal of this study was to explore the association between dairy consumption and asthma symptoms.Materials and methodsThis cross-sectional study was conducted on children and adolescents aged 6–8 and 13–14 years living in central Iran. Dietary food consumption was assessed using a multiple-choice questionnaire. Logistic regression was used to obtain odds ratios for the association between milk, other dairy products, and total dairy consumption with the risk of asthma symptoms.ResultsIn total, 7,667 participants (3,414 boys and 4,253 girls) were included in the current study. Milk intake and total dairy consumption were not associated with the likelihood of wheezing, asthma confirmed by a doctor, current asthma, and asthma medication use. In addition, there was no association between other dairy product intake and the odds of wheezing in the past 12 months in the crude model. However, after adjusting for several confounders, those in the top category had lower odds of wheezing in the past 12 months than those in the bottom category (OR: 0.58; 95% CI: 0.40–0.85).ConclusionThe consumption of dairy products other than milk, including cheese and yogurt, might reduce the likelihood of wheezing in children and adolescents.

Abstract Background A limited number of studies have directly examined the effect of whole eggs on body weight and composition in adults, and they have led to inconsistent results. This study aimed to summarize the evidence on the effect of whole egg consumption on body weight and body composition in adults from clinical trials. Methods Online databases were searched from inception to April 2023 for clinical trials that directly or indirectly assessed the effect of whole eggs consumption on anthropometric measures including body weight, body mass index (BMI), waist circumference (WC), and fat-free mass (FFM) in adults. A random effects model was used for meta-analysis. Results In total, 32 controlled clinical trials were included in the systematic review. The analyses revealed that whole egg consumption has no significant effect on body weight (n = 22), BMI (n = 13), WC (n = 10), and FFM (n = 4, P > 0.05). The subgroup analyses showed that whole egg consumption has an increasing effect on body weight and BMI in studies that lasted more than 12 weeks and in unhealthy participants (P

Abstract Background & aims To examine the link between dietary insulin index (DII) and load (DIL) and sleep duration/quality for the first time. Methods This cross-sectional study conducted on data from the recruitment phase of Yazd Health Study (YaHS)-Yazd Nutrition Study (TAMYZ), prospective study in Yazd, central Iran. Data on demographic characteristics, dietary intakes, sleep quantity and quality, and potential confounders were gathered by interview. Sleep quality and its components (insufficient sleep, delay in falling asleep, medication use for sleep, and sleep disorder) were assessed by a modified version of Pittsburgh questionnaire. The link between DII/DIL and low sleep quality and short/long sleep duration was studied using multivariable logistic regression. Results In total, 5925 individuals aged 20 to 70 were eligible to take part in the current study. After adjustment for all potential confounders, participants in the highest DIL score tertile had a lower chance for sleep disorder (OR = 0.38; 95%CI: 0.17–0.85, Ptrend = 0.02) and delay in falling asleep (OR = 0.66; 95%CI: 0.42–1.03, Ptrend = 0.05) compared to those in the lowest tertile. The DII was also linked to a lower chance for sleep disorder (OR = 0.61; 95% CI: 0.39–0.93, P trend = 0.02). The DIL was inversely associated with sleep medication use and delay in falling sleep in men and women, respectively (P

Abstract Background Metabolic syndrome (MetS) is regarded as a complex metabolic disorder. Recently, the role of dietary antioxidants in the underlying pathogenesis and complications of MetS has come into focus. Pistacia atlantica oil is known as a high antioxidant oil which might improve the antioxidant status of dietary oils and also oxidative stress markers. On the other hand, tert-Butylhydroquinone (TBHQ) is an approved food-grade synthetic antioxidant that acts both as an inducer and inhibitor of carcinogenesis. The current trial will explore the possible effect of a blend of Pistacia atlantica seed-canola oils, corn-canola oils with TBHQ, and corn-canola oil without TBHQ on oxidative stress markers in patients with MetS. Methods We will conduct a single-center, triple-blind, three-way randomized cross-over clinical trial (RCT) among 72 patients with MetS. After a 1-month run-in period, eligible participants will consume the intervention oils as their regularly consumed oils in a random order. Each intervention period will last 8 weeks separated by 4-week washout periods. Anthropometric indices, body composition, physical activity, blood pressure, and 24-h dietary food recall measurements will be assessed at the beginning and the end of each intervention period. The primary outcome will be oxidative stress markers including serum total antioxidant capacity, total oxidant status, malondialdehyde, nitric oxide, and the enzyme activity of myeloperoxidase, superoxide dismutase, catalase, glutathione peroxidase, and glutathione reductase. The secondary outcomes will be changes in MetS components including blood pressure, fasting blood glucose, triglyceride, high-density lipoprotein cholesterol, and anthropometric measurements. Discussion Pistacia atlantica seed oil is high in antioxidants. An intervention with this oil could offer an option for oxidative stress prevention among patients with metabolic syndrome. The present clinical trial will be the first one assessing the impact of Pistacia atlantica oil on human oxidative stress markers. Trial registration Iranian Registry of Clinical trials IRCT20130223012571N8 . Registered on 4 March 2022.

Abstract Despite the availability of numerous reports on the discovery of medicinal plant compounds and their properties, one may encounter contradictory results released by these reports at the level of plant families and even within species. To establish an accurate perspective of the Apiaceae family, this study examined the fruit essential oil and methanolic extract of wild and common species of this family. According to the measurement of the antioxidant property in the methanolic extract of the fruits using the 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) method, Ferula gummosa, Pimpinella anisum and Cuminum cyminum have high power in inhibiting free radicals. However, Bunium persicum had the strongest DPPH radicals inhibitory potential among all essential oils. The results of antimicrobial tests and their classification analysis showed that C. cyminum and B. persicum fruit essential oil with a high amount of cuminaldehyde had the most antibacterial properties. At the same time, the antifungal properties of H. persicum essential oil (rich in aliphatic ester) were stronger than those of the all the studied plants. Also, the essential oils of F. gummosa and Kelussia odoratissima had favourable antimicrobial properties compared to other studied plants. The investigation of the bacterial structure by scanning electron microscope confirmed the effect of the applied essential oils dose and their antibacterial potential. In general, for the first time, this paper determined the biological values of the fruit essential oil of some wild plants, such as K. odoratissima and H. persicum. Besides, in vitro examination and the mathematical models provided a suitable classification, which makes a comprehensive view in terms of the properties of the Apiaceae family.

IntroductionDiabetic nephropathy is one of the most important microvascular complications of diabetes. Despite the modern treatments, herbs or medicinal plants have gained wide attention. One of these herbs is green tea (Camellia sinensis), which may have an impact on renal function, lipid profiles, and HbA1c. However, the evidence for this is unclear and limited. The present study aimed to evaluate the effect of different doses of green tea on these parameters in type 2 diabetes patients (T2DM) with nephropathy.MethodsSixty-six individuals with T2DM nephropathy (aged 30–70 years) were randomly assigned to receive three cups of green tea/day (n = 22), two cups of green tea/day (n = 22), and the control group (n = 22) for 12 weeks. Lipid profiles, glycated hemoglobin A1c (HbA1c), and renal markers were measured before and after intervention. Data were analyzed using SPSS software version 23. One-way analysis of variance (ANOVA), least significant difference (LSD) post hoc, and analysis of covariance were used to compare quantitative variables.ResultsIn total, 64 participants completed the study. Consuming three cups of infusion green tea per day (7.5 gr) led to a significant reduction in serum levels of total cholesterol (p = 0.009) and HbA1c (p = 0.006) and increased in high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C) (p = 0.02) compared with the control group who did not drink green tea. However, no significant differences were observed for other variables.ConclusionIn general, it was found that drinking three cups of green tea infusion (7.5 gr) per day produced beneficial effects on some lipid profiles and HbA1c without any adverse effects on renal function in patients with T2DM nephropathy. More studies are needed to fully elucidate these findings.Clinical trial registrationIranian Registry of Clinical Trials (www.irct.ir) under registry number: IRCT2014020114538N2.

Background: Over the last decade, an emerging role of novel cytokines in the pathogenesis of gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) has been proposed. The present study was implemented to provide a more accurate estimate of the effect size of the association between leptin, tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α), and interleukin-6 (IL-6) and the risk of GDM.Methods: Online databases were looked up to January 2023 using the search string: (leptin OR TNF-α OR IL-6) AND “gestational diabetes.” Observational studies investigating the association of selected cytokines and GDM risk were included. Odds ratios and their 95% confidence intervals (CIs) were extracted and random-effects models were used to estimate the pooled effect.Results: Twenty-four studies were included in the meta-analysis. A significant association was found between higher circulating leptin and the risk of GDM and the pooled estimate was 1.16 (95%CI: 1.07, 1.27). Higher circulating levels of IL-6 and TNF-α were associated with increased risk of GDM, and the pooled estimates were 1.35 (95%CI: 1.05, 1.73) and 1.28 (95%CI: 1.01, 1.62), respectively.Conclusions: The studied cytokines could be implicated in the GDM pathogenesis and used as potential biomarkers for assessing the GDM risk. Additional longitudinal studies with large sample sizes are needed for a further evaluation of these findings.

Abstract Background Dietary patterns and food items have been associated with gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD) risk and they have led to conflicting findings. The aim of this study was to determine the association between a dietary approach to stop hypertension (DASH)-style diet with the risk of GERD and its symptoms in adolescents. Study design Cross-sectional. Methods This study was performed on 5,141 adolescents aged between 13 and 14 years. Dietary intake was evaluated using a food frequency method. The diagnosis of GERD was done by using a six-item GERD questionnaire that asked about GERD symptoms. A binary logistic regression was used to assess the association between the DASH-style diet score and GERD and its symptoms in crude and multivariable-adjusted models. Results Our findings revealed that after adjustment for all confounding variables, the adolescents with the highest adherence to the DASH-style diet had a lower chance of developing GERD [odds ratio (OR) = 0.50; 95%CI 0.33–0.75, Ptrend< 0.001)], reflux (OR = 0.42; 95%CI 0.25–0.71, Ptrend=0.001), nausea (OR = 0.59; 95% CI:0.32–1.08, Ptrend=0.05) and stomach pain (OR = 0.69; 95%CI 0.49–0.98, P trend=0.03) compared to those with the lowest adherence. Similar results were found for odds of GERD among boys, and the total population (OR = 0.37; 95%CI: 0.18–0.73, Ptrend=0.002, OR = 0.51; 95%CI: 0.34–0.77, P trend

One of the most fascinating features of cosmology is the study of large structures that can reveal the properties of particles with the smallest known cross sections (neutrinos). In fact, in the early universe, after photons, neutrinos play an important role in the formation of structures. The large number of neutrinos, combined with their non-zero mass, leads to today's energy density at least 25 times larger than CMB photons. This high density of free-flowing particles leads to changes in the large-scale structure (LSS) that can be recorded in large galaxy studies or dark current measurements. The purpose of this paper is to determine the direction of bulk flow and other cosmic parameters using the quintessence model. In this paper, we also estimate the mass of neutrinos using neutrino coupling and the scalar field of quintessence. The data where used in this article is the Pantheon Catalog, a total of 1048 Type Ia supernovae. The direction of the bulk flow is slightly different on scales smaller than 0.1, and the higher the scale of the local world, the greater the difference in the direction of the bulk current.

Abstract Findings were inconsistent regarding the superiority of using recently introduced hybrid methods to derive DPs compared to widely used statistical methods like principal component analysis (PCA) in assessing dietary patterns and their association with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). We aimed to investigate the association between DPs extracted using principal component analysis (PCA), partial least-squares (PLS), and reduced-rank regressions (RRR) in identifying DPs associated with T2DM risk. The study was conducted in the context of two cohort studies accomplished in central Iran. Dietary intake data were collected by food frequency questionnaires (FFQs). DPs were derived by using PCA, PLS, and RRR methods considering. The association between DPs with the risk of T2DM was assessed using log-binomial logistic regression test. A total of 8667 participants aged 20–70 years were included in this study. In the multivariate-adjusted models, RRR-DP3 characterized by high intake of fruits, tomatoes, vegetable oils, and refined grains and low intake of processed meats, organ meats, margarine, and hydrogenated fats was significantly associated with a reduced T2DM risk (Q5 vs Q1: RR 0.540, 95% CI 0.33–0.87, P-trend = 0.020). No significant highest-lowest or trend association was observed between DPs derived using PCA or PLS and T2DM. The findings indicate that RRR method was more promising in identifying DPs that are related to T2DM risk compared to PCA and PLS methods.

Due to low levels of observability and automation in active distribution networks (ADNs), the deployment of accurate measurement devices would be inevitable to increase the network observability. This work develops an optimal framework for phasor measurement unit (PMU) placement considering the accuracy of the distribution system state estimation (DSSE) process. In this regard, first, considering the significance of active power in supplying network loads, an active power sensitivity analysis is conducted in which the accuracy of active power injection at each bus is multiplied by its value of lost load. In this way, the accuracy of active power estimation could be transformed into a monetary value. Then, based on the determined sensitivity criterion, the optimal placement of PMUs has been performed with the aim of appropriate accuracy for the DSSE. On the other hand, the accuracy of the results obtained in the state estimation procedure can affect the estimation of line-loadings and lead to load shedding due to the low accuracy of estimated line-loadings. It is noteworthy that due to the high integration of distributed energy resources in distribution systems, ADNs would be prone to congestion issues. Therefore, in the next stage, this perspective is also used for determining the optimal number and location of PMUs in ADNs to improve their observability based on the operational conditions of the network. Finally, the developed algorithm is applied on the 77-bus-UK-test distribution network to investigate its effectiveness in improving the DSSE accuracy and mitigating interrupted loads. The numerical results indicate that implementing the proposed framework not only increases the DSSE accuracy but also decreases the cost of compensating the accuracy of active power by 7% compared to the typical network without PMUs. Further, the results show that the proposed model significantly mitigates the total curtailed loads due to the low accuracy of estimated line-loadings.

Abstract It is quite believed that Universe has undergone a smooth transition from a decelerated phase to its present accelerated phase of expansion. There exists a wide consensus, based on robust observational indicating transition redshift $$z_{tr}$$ z tr around the unity. However our analysis on complete collection of reliable Hubble parameter H(z) data at intermediate redshift $$0.07

Abstract Objective Metabolic syndrome (MetS) is a complex disorder with an increasing prevalence globally. Limited data are available about the association between dietary habits and the prevalence of MetS. The present cross-sectional study aimed to investigate the association between dietary habits and MetS in a large population sample from Iranians. Methods The study was conducted on 9261 adults aged 35–70 years who attended the baseline phase of Shahedieh cohort study, Yazd, Iran. Dietary habits including meal frequency, fried food consumption, adding salt to prepared meal, barbecued food consumption, used oil type and reuse oil number were assessed by a standard questionnaire. MetS was defined using the National Cholesterol Education Program Adult Treatment Panel III criteria. Logistic regression was used in different adjusted models to investigate the relationship between dietary habits and MetS: (Model I: adjusted for age, sex and energy. Model II: Model I + adjusted for wealth score index and physical activity. Model III: Model II + adjusted for cardiovascular diseases and liver diseases). Results The subjects who ate barbecued-food more than 3 times/ month had 1.18 times greater odds for MetS than individual who ate this less than once/ month (OR: 1.18, 95% CI: 1.01–1.38). After further adjustment for other confounding variables, the association remained significant. No significant association was found between other dietary habits and odds of MetS. Conclusion Higher intakes of barbecued-food consumption were related to the prevalence of MetS. Larger longitudinal studies in other population groups are needed to confirm these associations.

Abstract Background Depression, anxiety, and stress are common mental problems. The aim of this cross-sectional study was to investigate the association between two indexes that measure postprandial insulin response to different food, dietary insulin index (DII) and insulin load (DIL), with psychological disorders. Method Participants (n = 10,000) aged 20–69 were randomly selected from 200 clusters in Yazd from the recruitment phase of the Yazd Health Study. The dietary intake of participants was collected by a reliable and validated food frequency questionnaire (FFQ) consisting of 178 food items. DII and DIL were calculated from the FFQ data using previously published reference values. To assess psychological disorders an Iranian validated short version of a self-reported questionnaire (Depression Anxiety Stress Scales 21 [DASS21]) was used. Results No significant association was observed between DIL and DII with odds of depression or anxiety using crude or adjusted models. However, individuals in the highest quartiles of DIL had the lowest odds of stress (OR: 0.69; 95% CI 0.48–1.01, P-trend = 0.047). This association remained significant after adjustment for potential confounders in model II including marital status, smoking, education, job status, salt intake, and multi-vitamin supplement use (OR: 0.38; 95% CI 0.16–0.91, P-trend = 0.039) and the third and final model which is further adjusted for BMI (OR: 0.39; 95% CI 0.16–0.91, P-trend = 0.041). Conclusion Overall, consumption of foods with higher DII as well as DIL were associated with lower stress scores; however, no significant relationship was observed between DII or DIL with respective depression or anxiety scores.

Abstract Background Oxidative stress is considered to be a contributory factor for depression, and is affected by the dietary intake of pro-and anti-oxidants. Dietary total antioxidant capacity (DTAC) is an index which is applied to estimate the cumulative power of antioxidants in the whole diet. The aim of this study was to determine the relationship between DTAC and prevalence of depression in adolescent girls. Methods A total of 741 Iranian adolescent girls aged 12–18 years were recruited into this cross-sectional study. Dietary intake and depression severity score were assessed using a food frequency questionnaire and Beck's depression inventory, respectively. To estimate the DTAC, the oxygen radical absorbance capacity method was used for selected foods. To explore the associations between DTAC and depression, logistic regression was applied using crude and adjusted models. Results Individuals in the greatest adherence to high DTAC had more intakes of whole grains, legumes, fruits, dried fruits, low fat dairy products, cruciferous vegetables, fiber, magnesium, vitamin C, folate, potassium, zinc, β-carotene, lutein, thiamin, riboflavin, niacin and vitamin B-6 and lower consumption of refined grains. Subjects in the highest quartile of DTAC had a 39% lower odds of depression compared to those in the first quartile (OR = 0.61; 95% CI: 0.38–0.97, P for trend = 0.012); these associations remained significant after adjustments in first, second and third (OR = 0.5; 95% CI: 0.28–0.92, P for trend

Background: Obesity and overweight are important public health problems which are rapidly growing throughout the world. This study aims to provide 10-year incidence estimates of obesity and overweight in adults along with their risk factors in an Iranian adult population. Methods: This cohort study was conducted within the framework of the Yazd Healthy Heart Project (YHHP) throughout phases from 2005-2006 to 2015-2016 among urban adult population. The participants comprised of 1000 males and 1000 females aged 20-74 years from urban areas of Yazd. Cox proportional hazards model was used to examine the potential risk factors for obesity and overweight. Results: A total of 2000 participants aged 47.09 ± 16.97 years and body mass index (BMI) of 21.99 ± 2.21 kg/m2 were entered in this study at baseline. After 10 years of follow-up, the cumulative incidence of overweight for the entire population was 38.6% (41.6% in women and 36.8% in men). Furthermore, the 10-year cumulative incidence of obesity was 14.8% in the population (20.8% for women and 10.5% for men). Female participants showed a significantly higher incidence rate compared to males either for obesity or overweight. Regarding risk factors, there was a significant association between non-smoking (HR= 1.54, 95% CI: 1.06-2.25), socio-economic status (HR= 1.82, 95% CI: 1.13-2.94), and education (HR= 1.56, 95% CI: 1.14-2.13) with overweight (P < 0.05). Conclusion: This study revealed the incidence rate of obesity and overweight is significantly high in adult population of Yazd, Iran especially in women. The most important predictors of overweight seem to be smoking, lower socio-economic status, and education.

BackgroundGlaucoma, the leading cause of irreversible blindness, is a common disorder that contributes to gradual optic nerve degeneration. The beneficial impacts of uric acid (UA) have been reported in some neurodegenerative conditions such as Parkinson's disease, Alzheimer's disease, and amyotrophic lateral sclerosis. But the results of current studies about the association between serum UA level and glaucoma are conflicting. The present meta-analysis was conducted to provide a better understanding of the association between serum UA level and glaucoma.MethodsWe searched the databases of PubMed, Scopus, Web of Science, and Google Scholar systematically until November 20, 2022 to identify case-control studies, comparing the serum UA concentrations of the patients with glaucoma and controls. The mean ± standard division difference was used to assess the difference in serum UA concentrations between the glaucoma patients and controls.ResultsSix studies involving 1,221 glaucoma patients and 1,342 control group were included in the present meta-analysis. This meta-analysis using a random effect model indicated that the mean UA level in glaucoma patients was 0.13 (I2 = 91.92%, 95% CI = −0.42 to 0.68) higher than the controls; however, it was not statistically significant.ConclusionsOur findings provide evidence that glaucoma patients have a higher serum UA level compared to the controls, but this difference is not statistically significant. Prospective studies are needed to determine the possible association between increased UA and glaucoma pathogenesis.Systematic review registrationhttps://www.crd.york.ac.uk/prospero/display_record.php?ID=CRD42022364055, identifier: CRD42022364055.

Abstract Background The diet’s role in developing psychological disorders has been considered by researchers in recent years. Objective To examine the association between major dietary patterns and severe mental disorders symptoms in a large sample of adults living in Yazd city, central Iran. Methods This cross-sectional study used the baseline data of a population-based cohort study (Yazd Health study: YaHS). Dietary intakes were assessed by a multiple-choice semi-quantitative food frequency questionnaire (FFQ, Yazd nutrition survey called TAMYZ). Psychological assessments were also done by using the depression, anxiety, and stress scale-21 (DASS-21) questionnaire. Major dietary patterns were identified using principal component analysis (PCA). Analysis of covariance (ANCOVA) and logistic regression analyses were used to evaluate the relationship between dietary patterns and mental disorders symptoms. Results A total of 7574 adults were included in the current analysis. Four major dietary patterns were identified: "Sugar and Fats”, “Processed Meats and Fish”, "Fruits" and “Vegetables and Red Meat”. After adjustment for all confounding variables, participants in the fifth quintile of “Fruits” dietary pattern which was highly correlated with dried fruits, canned fruits, fruit juice, olive, hydrogenated fats and fruits intake, had a lower odds of severe depression (OR=0.61, 95% CI: 0.45–0.81, p for trend=0.057), anxiety (OR=0.64, 95% CI: 0.50–0.80, p for trend=0.007), and stress, (OR=0.45, 95% CI: 0.30–0.68, p for trend=0.081). Conclusions The intake of a dietary pattern high in dried fruits, canned fruits, fruit juice, olive, hydrogenated fats, and fruits might be inversely associated with depression, anxiety, and stress symptoms. Future prospective studies are needed to warrant this finding.

Abstract Background The growing prevalence of depression has become a major public health problem. There is limited evidence regarding the relationship between dietary behaviors and depression. The present study was designed to evaluate the association between dietary behaviors and depression score. Methods A total of 933 Iranian adolescent girls aged 12 to 18 years were included in this cross-sectional study. Depression severity score was assessed using a validated Persian version of Beck’s depression inventory. Dietary behaviors were pre-defined and assessed in ten domains using a standard questionnaire. To investigate the association between dietary behaviors and depression score, the linear regression analysis in crude and adjusted models was used. Results 67.7% of participants had no or minimal depression symptoms and 32.3% of participants were categorized with mild-to-severe depression symptoms. There were significant inverse relationships between main meal consumption (Beta: -0.141; 95% CI: − 3.644 to − 1.000; P = 0.001), snack consumption (Beta: -0.100; 95% CI: − 2.400 to − 0.317; P = 0.002), regular meal consumption (Beta: 0.23; 95% CI: 0.13–0.42; P = 0.001) and food chewing (Beta: -0.152; 95% CI: − 2.279 to − 0.753; P = 0.03) with depression score. These associations remained significant after adjustment for confounding variables. In addition, frequency of intra-meal fluid intake (Beta: 0.096; 95% CI: 0.288 to 1.535; P = 0.004) and spicy foods consumption (Beta: 0.076; 95% CI: 0.098 to 1.508; P = 0.02) were directly associated with depression score in the crude model. These significant relations were disappeared in full adjusted model. No significant association was found between breakfast consumption, intake of fried foods, chewing ability, and tooth loss with depression score (P > 0.05). Conclusions Significant associations were observed between specific eating behaviors with depression score. Prospective studies are needed to confirm these findings.

Introduction: Female sexual dysfunction is a global common problem. Tribulus terrestris has long been used to treat infertility, impotence and low sexual desire. Studies assessing the effect of Tribulus terrestris on female sexual dysfunction have reported contradictory findings. Thus, the present study was performed with the aim of systematically reviewing articles on the effect of Tribulus terrestris on female sexual dysfunction to facilitate decisions regarding the use of Tribulus terrestris in this regard. Methods: In this review article, to find the related studies, PubMed, Scopus, Web of Science, Magiran, SID and Google Scholar databases were searched using the keywords "Tribulus" or "Zygophyllaceae" without limitations on language, time and location until December 2021. Two authors extracted articles'' information independently. Eligible studies were evaluated using the Cochrane collaboration quality assessment instrument. Results: A total of 1367 papers were retrieved using the search strategy. Six papers were eligible to enter the study. The data showed that Tribulus terrestris improved some of the factors associated with sexual dysfunction in childbearing and menopausal women. In three studies, testosterone levels were evaluated, and the findings indicated an increase in free testosterone levels in postmenopausal women. Conclusion: Consumption of Tribulus terrestris is effective on improving sexual dysfunction in women. Although, due to the limited number of studies, the final decision on the use of this plant in the treatment of female sexual dysfunction requires more accurate and careful investigations.

Background: Among non-communicable diseases, cardiovascular diseases (CVDs) account for 44% of all deaths. Among natural alternatives, Nigella sativa (NS) exert beneficial effects on cardio-metabolic factors. This is the first systematic review and meta-analysis protocol aimed to identify all the findings relevant to the effects of NS on cardio-metabolic factors among adults. Methods: This study was prepared according to PRISMA-P checklist based on Cochrane Handbook for Systematic Reviews of Interventions. An initial literature search was conducted in various databases using MeSH terms and related synonyms. Trials examining the effects of NS versus control group were included. Main outcomes consisted of blood pressure, lipid and glycemic factors, and atherogenic indices. Seven reviewers independently evaluated titles and abstracts, reviewed full texts, extracted information, and assessed the risk of bias. Methodological quality of each randomized controlled trial was assessed using the Cochrane Handbook and the GRADE system, while Newcastle-Ottawa Quality Assessment Scale was used for non-randomized studies. Continuous data of homogeneous studies were meta-analyzed via STATA. Mean differences were calculated as the effect size with 95% CIs. Heterogeneity assessment, sensitivity analysis, and publication bias were performed. Conclusion: The quality of both randomized and non-randomized studies was assessed. The evidence from this study can provide information for future clinical trials

Recent research reveals that the Local Group is in motion toward ( l , b ) = (276, 30) relative to the cosmic background radiation, manifesting a velocity of 600 km s ^−1 , a phenomenon recognized as the cosmic background radiation dipole or cosmic microwave background dipole. Despite its well-documented nature, the precise cause of this peculiar motion remains elusive. High mass–density regions, such as galactic superclusters, stand out among the potential contributors to this cosmic flow. This paper employs chameleon fields to investigate anisotropies on both small and large scales. The data utilized in this study comprise Type Ia supernovae from the Pantheon catalog, totaling 1048 supernovae within the redshift range of 0.015 < z < 2.3. The analysis of the bulk flow at various redshifts has yielded noteworthy discoveries. On a smaller scale (less than 150 Mpc), the movement direction of the Local Group coincides with that of the bulk flow. On a larger scale, the bulk flow direction corresponds to the direction of the dark energy dipole. This implies that the anisotropy at the local scale originates from the same source as the anisotropy observed on a larger scale.

Introduction: The aim of the study was to assess the interaction between CD36 rs1761667 and dietary phytochemical index (DPI) on the risk factors related to MetS among apparently healthy adults. Methods: This cross-sectional study was conducted on 387 apparently healthy adults (20–70 years) of the recruitment phase of Yazd Health Study (YaHS). DPI was calculated using data from a validated, and reliable food frequency questionnaire. Genotyping of rs1761667 was performed by polymerase chain reaction-restriction fragment length polymorphism method. All participants were categorized into two categories, based on DPI scores. The interactions were tested using logistic regression in adjusted and unadjusted models. Results: There was no significant association between CD36 gene polymorphism rs1761667 and metabolic syndrome components as well as DPI score was not associated with the components of MetS. Significant interactions were observed between DPI and rs1761667 polymorphism on the odds of metabolic syndrome (P = 0.05) and odds of abdominal obesity (P = 0.01), so that, higher adherence to this index was associated with a low risk of MetS and abdominal obesity in individuals with AG genotype. In contrast, increased adherence to the DPI was associated with higher odds of abdominal obesity among the AA genotype. Conclusion: The AG genotype appears to be a protective factor against the risk of MetS and abdominal obesity with greater adherence to DPI. However, additional research is needed to elucidate these interactions and the mechanisms behind these associations.

Abstract The cluster of differentiation 36 (CD36) is one of the main receptors implicated in the pathogenesis of the cardiovascular disease. This study aimed to assess the association between CD36 rs1761667 polymorphism and cardiometabolic risk factors including body mass index (BMI), waist circumference (WC), total cholesterol (TC), triglyceride, HDL-C, LDL-C, blood pressure and fasting blood glucose (FBG). PubMed, EMBASE, Scopus, web of science, and Google Scholar were searched up to December 2021. Subgroup and meta-regression analyses were conducted to explore sources of heterogeneity. Eighteen eligible studies (6317 participants) were included in the study. In the overall analysis, a significant association was found between rs1761667 polymorphism of CD36 and TG in allelic (p