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Abstract Humans receive sensory information from the past, requiring the brain to overcome delays to perform daily motor skills such as standing upright. Because delays vary throughout the body and change over a lifetime, it would be advantageous to generalize learned control policies of balancing with delays across contexts. However, not all forms of learning generalize. Here, we use a robotic simulator to impose delays into human balance. When delays are imposed in one direction of standing, participants are initially unstable but relearn to balance by reducing the variability of their motor actions and transfer balance improvements to untrained directions. Upon returning to normal standing, aftereffects from learning are observed as small oscillations in control, yet they do not destabilize balance. Remarkably, when participants train to balance with delays using their hand, learning transfers to standing with the legs. Our findings establish that humans use experience to broadly update their neural control to balance with delays.

Background: Sepsis is a severe and life-threatening condition triggered by a dysregulated response to infection, leading to organ failure and, often, death. The syndrome is expensive to treat, with survivors frequently experiencing reduced quality of life and enduring various long-term disabilities. The increasing understanding of RNA, RNA biology, and therapeutic potential offers an unprecedented opportunity to develop innovative therapy. Objective: This study is a scoping review focusing on pre-clinical studies of microRNA (miRNA)-based therapies for sepsis. Methodology: A scoping review. The search strategy identified papers published in PubMed until 15 October 2023, using the keywords (microRNA) AND (sepsis) AND (animal model). Inclusion criteria included papers that used either gain- or loss-of-function approaches, excluding papers that did not focus on microRNAs as therapy targets, did not include animal models, did not show organ failure-specific assessments, and focused on microRNAs as biomarkers. The PRISMA-ScR guideline was used in this study. Results: A total of 199 articles were identified that featured the terms “microRNA/miRNA/miR”, “Sepsis”, and “animal model”. Of these, 51 articles (25.6%) employed miRNA-based therapeutic interventions in animal models of sepsis. Of these, 15 studies extended their inquiry to include or reference human clinical data. Key microRNAs of interest and their putative mechanisms of action in sepsis are highlighted. Conclusions: The body of work examined herein predominantly addresses various dimensions of sepsis-induced organ dysfunction, supporting the emerging role of miRNAs as potential therapeutic candidates. However, nearly 5% of papers on miR-based therapy have been retracted over the past 5 years, raising important concerns regarding the quality and complexity of the biology and models for assessing therapeutic potential.

ABSTRACTBackground Anesthesia for transjugular intrahepatic portosystemic shunt (TIPS) for lowering raised portal pressure is clinically challenging. As patients, candidates for TIPS are medically complex due to chronic liver disease, adding to remote area anesthesia’s complexities. Multimodal analgesia, including erector spinae plane block (ESPB), can improve anesthesia quality with patient satisfaction.Methods Fifty-six patients scheduled for TIPS, aged 18–60 years and with Child classification A or B, were randomly allocated into two groups. The ESPB group experienced ESPB (n = 24), while the control group was introduced with sedation spontaneously breathing (n = 24). Primarily, we investigated the records of the hemodynamic profile and analgesia nociceptive index (ANI). As a secondary aim, we recorded the opioid consumption, complication incidence, and patient and interventional radiologist satisfaction scores.Results Heart rate was significantly lower in the ESPB group at the beginning of the procedure, liver puncture, and balloon dilatation events, while there were no significant differences in mean blood pressure. Analgesia assessment by ANI was significantly higher in the ESPB group indicating adequate analgesia. Opioid consumption was significantly lower in the ESPB group than in the control group. Statistical analysis for patient satisfaction showed better results in the ESPB group, while the surgeon satisfaction score showed no significant statistical differences.Conclusion ESPB could be recommended as an alternative to analgesia in TIPS and its vulnerable patients to improve safety by reducing sedation-related morbidity and complications with improving the patient’s degree of satisfaction.

ABSTRACTBackground Spinal anesthesia is a widely used technique for cesarean delivery, but it often results in hypotension, bradycardia, and reduced cardiac output (CO). Atropine has a potent muscarinic receptor antagonist activity in the heart. It may be a good choice to prevent post-spinal bradycardia and minimize the marked CO reduction.Methods Sixty pregnant women between the ages of 18 and 40 who were ASA-PS II and planned for elective cesarean delivery were divided into two equal groups at random. Both groups received spinal anesthesia. Atropine group (I) (n = 30): patients received 0.01 mg/kg atropine, while control group (II) (n = 30): patients received the same volume of saline. CO measured by electrical cardiometry (EC) was the primary outcome where, heart rate (HR), mean blood pressure (MBP), stroke volume (SV), systemic vascular resistance (SVR), and neonatal outcomes were the secondary outcomes.Results CO after the intervention was higher in the atropine (group I) than in the control (group II). Also, CO reduction at 5 and 10 min following spinal anesthesia was less in the group I than in the group II. Except for baseline reading, HR was significantly higher in the atropine group versus the control group. MBP was higher in the atropine group than in the control group in all readings. SV and SVR were similar in both groups. Neonatal outcomes were equivalent in both groups.Conclusion Pre-spinal atropine was effective in preventing post-spinal bradycardia and minimized CO reduction in patients undergoing elective cesarean delivery under spinal anesthesia.

Background The caudal route is a common approach for postoperative analgesia; however, it is associated with limited duration of action. The quadratus lumborum block (QLB) may produce prolonged postoperative analgesia. Therefore, this study aimed to compare the postoperative analgesic efficacy of the ultrasound-guided caudal block with that of the ultrasound-guided transincisional QLB (TiQLB) in pediatric patients undergoing open renal surgery. Methods Forty patients of both sexes, aged 2–11 years, were randomly assigned to receive either caudal analgesia with 1.25 ml/kg of bupivacaine 0.2% (Caudal group; n = 20) or a QLB with 0.5 ml/kg of bupivacaine 0.2% (TiQLB group; n = 20) in addition to standard general anesthesia. Time to first analgesia was the primary outcome. Total analgesic consumption in the first 24 h postoperatively, pain scores, and the incidence of side effects were the secondary outcomes. Results The mean time to first analgesic requirement was significantly longer in the TiQLB group than in the Caudal group (18.8 ± 5.1 vs. 6.7 ± 0.7 h, P < 0.001). Total ketorolac consumption and pain scores were significantly lower in the TiQLB group (P < 0.001). A few cases of mild postoperative nausea and vomiting were noted among patients in both groups; however, the difference was not statistically significant. No incidence of pruritus, shivering, or respiratory depression was noted. Conclusions Analgesia after the ultrasound-guided TiQLB with bupivacaine was superior to that after the ultrasound-guided caudal block, with similar side effects.

Bronchiolitis obliterans (BO) is a form of graft-versus-host disease (GVHD) in the lung and manifests as moderate to severe airflow obstruction after hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (HCT). New-onset airflow obstruction on spirometry is considered diagnostic of bronchiolitis obliterans syndrome (BOS). BOS affects about 5% of all HCT recipients. In general, BO is thought of as a late complication of HCT, usually occurring after day 100 post-transplantation. However, the onset of airflow obstruction can be rapid and is most often irreversible even with treatment. We describe a patient who rapidly developed severe airflow obstruction less than one month after transplantation following the development of upper airway symptoms. Despite aggressive immunosuppression, the patient had no improvement in airflow obstruction. We hypothesize that early screening and treatment may help prevent BOS after HCT.

Acute Respiratory Distress Syndrome (ARDS) is characterized by lung inflammation and increased membrane permeability, which represents the leading cause of mortality in ICUs. Mechanical ventilation strategies are at the forefront of supportive approaches for ARDS. Recently, an increasing understanding of RNA biology, function, and regulation, as well as the success of RNA vaccines, has spurred enthusiasm for the emergence of novel RNA-based therapeutics. The most common types of RNA seen in development are silencing (si)RNAs, antisense oligonucleotide therapy (ASO), and messenger (m)RNAs that collectively account for 80% of the RNA therapeutics pipeline. These three RNA platforms are the most mature, with approved products and demonstrated commercial success. Most recently, miRNAs have emerged as pivotal regulators of gene expression. Their dysregulation in various clinical conditions offers insights into ARDS pathogenesis and offers the innovative possibility of using microRNAs as targeted therapy. This review synthesizes the current state of the literature to contextualize the therapeutic potential of miRNA modulation. It considers the potential for miR-based therapeutics as a nuanced approach that incorporates the complexity of ARDS pathophysiology and the multifaceted nature of miRNA interactions.

Chronic graft-versus-host disease (GvHD) treatment response is assessed using National Institutes of Health (NIH) Consensus Criteria in clinical trials, and by clinician assessment in routine practice. Patient-reported treatment response is central to the experience of chronic GvHD manifestations as well as treatment benefit and toxicity, but how they correlate with clinician- or NIH-responses has not been well-studied. We aimed to characterize 6-month patientreported response, determine associated chronic GvHD baseline organ features and changes, and evaluate which patientreported quality of life and chronic GvHD symptom burden measures correlated with patient-reported response. From two nationally representative Chronic GVHD Consortium prospective observational studies, 382 subjects were included in this analysis. Patient and clinician responses were categorized as improved (completely gone, very much better, moderately better, a little better) versus not improved (about the same, a little worse, moderately worse, very much worse). At six months, 270 (71%) patients perceived chronic GvHD improvement, while 112 (29%) perceived no improvement. Patient-reported response had limited correlation with either clinician-reported (kappa 0.37) or NIH chronic GvHD response criteria (kappa 0.18). Notably, patient-reported response at six months was significantly associated with subsequent failure-free survival. In multivariate analysis, NIH responses in eye, mouth, and lung had significant association with 6-month patient-reported response, as well as a change in Short Form 36 general health and role physical domains and Lee Symptom Score skin and eye changes. Based on these findings, patient-reported responses should be considered as an important complementary endpoint in chronic GvHD clinical trials and drug development.

The present study aimed to contribute to the limited research on buffalo (Bubalus bubalis) semen traits by incorporating genomic data. A total of 8465 ejaculates were collected. The genotyping procedure was conducted using the Axiom® Buffalo Genotyping 90 K array designed by the Affymetrix Expert Design Program. After conducting a quality assessment, we utilized 67,282 SNPs genotyped in 192 animals. We identified several genomic loci explaining high genetic variance by employing single-step genomic evaluation. The aforementioned regions were located on buffalo chromosomes no. 3, 4, 6, 7, 14, 16, 20, 22, and the X-chromosome. The X-chromosome exhibited substantial influence, accounting for 4.18, 4.59, 5.16, 5.19, and 4.31% of the genomic variance for ejaculate volume, mass motility, livability, abnormality, and concentration, respectively. In the examined genomic regions, we identified five novel candidate genes linked to male fertility and spermatogenesis, four in the X-chromosome and one in chromosome no. 16. Additional extensive research with larger sample sizes and datasets is imperative to validate these findings and evaluate their applicability for genomic selection.

Abstract Background Ultrasound (US)-guided quadratus lumborum block (QLB) and transversus abdominis plane block (TAP) are used as a part of multimodal analgesia for postoperative pain after abdominal procedures, as they improve postoperative pain. Results QLB group showed significantly better visual analog score (VAS) scores from 6 h till 24 h postoperative. Time for the first request for pethidine was significantly longer in the QLB group (398.3 ± 23.7 min) than in the TAP group (80.3 ± 20.7 min), (p < 0.0001 and its total consumption was significantly lesser (p = 0.007) in the QLB group (68.33 ± 66.28) than in TAP group (120.0 ± 76.11). Also, the sensory level was higher in the QLB group (8.3 ± 0.63 segments) than in the TAP group (6.2 ± 0.79 segments), (p < 0.001). Moreover, only 2 patients (6.67%) in the QLB group experienced nausea and/or vomiting versus 9 (30%) in TAP group with significant value. Conclusions QLB was more effective in providing visceral and somatic pain analgesia after total abdominal hysterectomy (TAH) in comparison to TAP block, QLB resulted in wider sensory blockade compared to TAP block with less incidence of postoperative nausea and/or vomiting.

The United Arab Emirates (UAE) is one of the fastest growing economies with consequent increase in non-communicable diseases including cancer. The number of reported cases and mortality have been increasing in the UAE over the years, despite screening and early detection efforts which appear to be far from target coverage of the intended population. In this work, we highlight key elements of a proposed national cancer control plan for the UAE. The plan is still a work in progress and has not yet been officially adopted. A comprehensive and effective control plan requires accurate data, a reliable cancer registry, and periodic monitoring and evaluation. The UAE cancer control plan is being prepared in line with the WHO and EMRO framework, with defined objectives and goals. The objectives are to combat cancer, reduce incidence, control mortality, and improve outcomes and quality of life for cancer patients. There is also a focus on improving public health education, prevention, early detection, prompt diagnosis, treatment facilitation, continuity of care, performance evaluation, training of workforce, and research.

Radar-based algorithms for electromagnetic (EM) imaging are developed based on the assumption that EM has a local planar wave front inside the imaging domain. However, this might not be the case for majority of utilized antennas as the imaged object is usually located within the near-field zone of the antenna. The impact of that assumption on imaging accuracy and whether utilizing an antenna that can create a focused planar wave front inside the imaging domain improves EM imaging are investigated in torso imaging as an example. Thus, three types of antennas are used to scan the torso; 1) bio-matched loop-dipole, 2) Gradient-Index lens (GRIN), and 3) Tapered GRIN (T-GRIN) lens antenna. The proposed T-GRIN lens antennas is designed to create a focused plane wave propagation inside the torso using tapered trapezoid water-filled cavities inside a host medium. The proposed design improves penetration depth by 33% compared to conventional GRIN lens and 75% compared to the bio-matched loop-dipole antenna, in a wide fractional bandwidth of 83% at 0.7-1.7 GHz. The realized results indicate that generating focused plane wave inside the imaged object, which is realized using T-GRIN lens antenna, improves the detection accuracy by 15 % and 56% compared to conventional GRIN lens and bio-matched loop-dipole antennas, respectively. Moreover, the localization accuracy is improved by 54.5% and 100% compared to conventional GRIN lens and bio-matched loop-dipole antenna, respectively. This study highlights the importance of creating focused planar wave front within the imaging domain for improved detection and localization using microwave techniques.

Rapid advances in antennas, propagation, electromagnetics, and materials are opening new and unexplored opportunities in body area sensing and stimulation. Next-generation wearables and implants are seamlessly providing round-the-clock monitoring. In turn, numerous applications are brought forward with the potential to ultimately transform healthcare, sports, consumer electronics, and beyond. This review paper provides a comprehensive overview, discusses challenges and opportunities, and indicates future directions for: (a) enabling technologies needed to make body area sensing and stimulation a reality, and (b) emerging bioelectromagnetics applications that may readily benefit from such technologies.

A multi-beam and multi-polarized Multiple-Input Multiple-Output (MIMO) antenna system, which operates at Sub-6 GHz and mm-wave frequency bands is realized for 5G Vehicle-to-Everything (5G-V2X) application. Since the vehicle needs to communicate in different scenarios with the others, e.g. vehicles, passengers, control units, and mobile networks, in the surrounding area, an antenna with 360° coverage area is required. In this paper, an eight-element MIMO antenna is designed and implemented for this purpose. Four elements are distributed evenly in a circular substrate placed in the azimuth plane. Meanwhile, the other four elements are printed on two orthogonal substrates which are fixed perpendicularly to the circular substrate. Each radiating component is a tapered slot antenna integrated with a dipole to operate at both microwave and mm-wave bands. The simulated and measured results demonstrate capability of the proposed design in covering the whole surrounding area (360° coverage in azimuth plane). The antenna achieves a realized gain of more than 9 dBi at the mm-wave range and 4 dBi at the microwave range.

Introduction Anosmia is one of the common symptoms of COVID-19, the link between severity of chest infection and anosmia was investigated by few studies. Objectives To find an association between anosmia and severity of chest infection. Methods An analysis of patients admitted to isolation hospital of our university with confirmed polymerase chain reaction positive testing for COVID-19, between March 2021 until September 2021. We called all patients who reported anosmia during their time of illness and asked them about anosmia. We examined their chest CT. A statistical analysis was done. Results A total of 140 patients completed the study; 65% were female and 56.4% had complete anosmia. Anosmia was significantly associated with loss of taste. Smell returned in 92.5% of anosmic patients. Duration of smell loss was ∼ 2 weeks in 40.5%. The most common symptoms associated with anosmia were running nose, sore throat, fever, and cough. Loss of smell was significantly associated with mild chest disease. 73.4% of anosmic patients had mild chest infection, 21.5% of them had moderate infection, and 5.1% had severe chest infection. Conclusion The pattern of anosmia in COVID-19 patients has some common similarities in general; the way it starts, the associated symptoms, the time until smell returns and, the most important, the severity of chest infection. As anosmia is significantly associated with mild chest infection. the presence of anosmia could be an independent predictor of good COVID-19 outcome as reflected by a lower disease severity and less frequent ICU admissions.

Objective: To find out the effect of Dexmedetomidine infusion on renal function in patients undergoing Coronary Artery Bypass Graft (CABG) surgery. Study Design: Randomized control trial (RCT- NCT05375188). Place and Duration of Study: The research was conducted in the Department of Anesthesia, National Institute of Cardiovascular Diseases Karachi Pakistan, from Jun to Sep 2021. Methodology: 60 patients were allocated randomly into two groups. In Group-D, Dexmetedomidine was given as an infusion of 0.4 μg/kg/h from induction of anesthesia for 24 hours. In Group-C, patients were receiving an equal volume of normal saline. The primary outcome of the study was Serum Creatinine (mg/dl) which was measured 24 hours before the surgery as baseline and then 24 hours and 48 hours after surgery. Results: In Group-C Serum Creatinine was found to be 0.96 +/- 0.21mg/dl at baseline, 1.02 +/- 0.35 mg/dl after 24 hours and 1.38 +/- 0.47 mg/dl after 48 hours of surgery. In Group-D Serum Creatinine was found to be 0.76 +/- 0.12 mg/dl at baseline,0.85 +/- 0.17 mg/dl after 24 hours and 0.82+/- 0.24 mg/dl after 48 hours of surgery. p-value was found to be

Objective: To compare between the efficacy of Ketorolac and Paracetamol in the management of post-operative pain following elective cardiac surgery. Study Design: Randomized (single-blind) Control Trial (RCT NCT05361824.) Place and Duration of Study: This study was conducted in the Surgical Intensive Care Unit (SICU) at the National Institute of Cardiovascular Diseases Hospital, Karachi Pakistan, From 1st Jan to 30th Jun 2021. Methodology: Randomization of 60 patients undergoing elective cardiac surgery into either Paracetamol (30 control patients) or Ketorolac (30 treatment patients) was done.In addition, to a low dose, short duration background infusion of Nalbuphine, the control group was administered. Injection Paracetamol 1gm every six-hours. Whereas the treatment group was administered injection Ketorolac 30mg every eight-hours. Assessment of pain was done at 6, 12, 18 and 24 hours post-extubation, using a Visual analog scale (VAS). For the purpose of this study, a score of 4 or less was taken as a cut-off for adequate pain control. Results: VAS score was significantly lower in Ketorolac group as compared to the Paracetamol group at all four-time points with an average rating of 3.2±1.9 vs. 5.3±1.7; p

This study aims to analyze village original income, transfer funds, and other funds on village financial performance and village financial management accountability. The sampling technique used is purposive sampling, with a population of 127 villages in Central Lombok district. The sample in this study amounted to 20 villages in the category of developed villages. The variables used in this study are village original income, transfer funds, other funds, financial performance, and accountability. The results showed that village original income had a positive and significant effect on financial performance and accountability. Transfer funds have a positive and significant effect on financial performance. For other fund variables, it has no effect on financial performance and accountability. Financial performance variable has no effect on accountability.

Allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (allo-HSCT) is a potentially curative therapy for hematologic malignancies. Alloreactivity after HSCT is known to be mediated by adaptive immune cells expressing rearranging receptors. Recent studies demonstrated that the innate immune system could likewise sense the non-self signals and subsequently enhance the alloimmune response. We recently demonstrated that the donor/recipient mismatch of signal regulatory protein α (SIRPα), an immunoglobulin receptor exclusively expressed on innate cells, is associated with a higher risk of cGVHD and relapse protection in a cohort of acute myeloid leukemia patients who underwent allo-HSCT. Whether these effects also occur in other hematologic malignancies remains unclear. In the present study, we compared outcomes by SIRPα match status in a cohort of 310 patients who received allo-HSCT from an HLA matched-related donor for the treatment of lymphoid malignancies. Multivariable analysis showed that SIRPα mismatch was associated with a significantly higher rate of cGVHD (hazard ratio [HR] 1.8, P= .002), cGVHD requiring systemic immunosuppressive therapy (HR 1.9, P= .005), a lower rate of disease progression (HR 0.5, P= .003) and improved progression-free survival (HR 0.5, P= .001). Notably, the effects of SIRPα mismatch were observed only in the patients who achieved >95% of donor T-cell chimerism. The mismatch in SIRPα is associated with favorable relapse protection and concurrently increased risk of cGVHD in patients who undergo allo-HSCT for lymphoid malignancies, and the optimal donor could be selected based on the finding of the study to mitigate the risk of GVHD and relapse.

Oxidative stress is considered one of the early underlying contributors of sepsis-induced myocardial depression. DJ-1, also known as PARK7, has a well-established role as an antioxidant. We have previously shown, in a clinically relevant model of polymicrobial sepsis, DJ-1 deficiency improved survival and bacterial clearance by decreasing ROS production. In the present study, we investigated the role of DJ-1 in sepsis-induced myocardial depression. Here we compared wildtype (WT) with DJ-1 deficient mice at 24 and 48 h after cecal ligation and puncture (CLP). In WT mice, DJ-1 was increased in the myocardium post-CLP. DJ-1 deficient mice, despite enhanced inflammatory and oxidative responses, had an attenuated hypertrophic phenotype, less apoptosis, improved mitochondrial function, and autophagy, that was associated with preservation of myocardial function and improved survival compared to WT mice post-CLP. Collectively, these results identify DJ-1 as a regulator of myocardial function and as such, makes it an attractive therapeutic target in the treatment of early sepsis-induced myocardial depression.

This study aims to analyze the potential of the tourism sector and the agricultural sector as well as the processing industry in West Lombok Regency and to formulate policy recommendations for the tourism and agriculture sectors as well as the processing industry. The results of this study indicate that local food business (farming and processing industry) in West Lombok district can produce and supply most of the types of food requested by hotels and restaurants. Hotels and restaurants, as well as suppliers that were met in this study did not know specifically whether these products were products from the West Lombok district, foreign products, or foreign products. Potential policy directions for strengthening business linkages in the tourism sector and agricultural businesses and managing local foodstuffs are: advocacy for the use of local food ingredients in hotel and restaurant food menus, increasing the number of tourist visits, increasing the competitiveness of local products in markets and purchasing centers for hotels and restaurants and suppliers, and access to finance for local producers and suppliers.

There has been not much information available related to the diet formulation for female Cobia (Rachycentron canadum) fish. This study characterized ovary fatty acid composition of female Cobia in their different gonad maturation stages and predicted the mechanism of HUFA (DHA/docosahexaenoic acid, EPA/eicosapentaenoic acid, and AA/arachidonic acid) in supporting gonad maturation through an in silico analysis. Fish samples consisted of three (3) categories: (1) prospective broodstocks – immature (initial development); (2) prospective broodstocks – maturing (middle development); and (3) broodstocks – mature (advanced development). The in silico analysis was done through a molecular docking between ligand (DHA, EPA, and AA) and receptors Lpl, Fatp, Fabp, and Mttp. Our findings showed that fatty acids tended to increase along with the development of the ovary. The highest fatty acids for group 1 was C16:0>C18:1n9c>DHA, for group 2 was C18:1n9c>C16:0>DHA, and for group 3 was DHA>C16:0>C18:1n9c. DHA increased significantly during gonad maturation and the vice versa happened to EPA, while AA increased significantly at the end of gonad maturation. This affected, among others, the ratio of DHA/EPA and DHA/AA—DHA/EPA ration increased along with gonad maturation, while the opposite happened for DHA/AA ratio. The results of the in silico analysis showed that DHA had the smallest binding affinity for docking with Lpl, Fatp, and Fapb compared to EPA and AA. This means that DHA was predicted to have a strong binding with receptors during the oocyte lipidation. DHA also had the smallest binding affinity for docking with Mttp compared to EPA and AA. This means that DHA was predicted to have a strong binding with receptors in Vtg lipidation compared to EPA and AA.

This paper presents a novel framework that automates the creation of a trained-classifier integrated circuit from a dataset. The framework accepts a dataset in a comma-separated value format and performs several processing steps to create a trained model. After creating the model, the framework generates a tree-based machine learning classifier in two formats; Extensible Markup Language (XML) and Verilog. We use the XML representation to present the hierarchy of the generated tree and the Verilog code as a hardware description language representation of the trained model. Our framework uses the Verilog code as an input to a Field programmable Gate Array (FPGA) design validation flow. Then, we automate the Application Specific Integrated Circuit (ASIC) flow implementation and build a customized classifier integrated circuit. The novelty of the proposed framework lies in bridging the gap between machine learning model training and its hardware design when dealing with machine learning classifier's implementation. Our framework addresses several challenges related to the design automation and implementation of customized machine learning classifier chips from raw dataset files. We discuss these challenges in detail in this paper and explain how researchers can use our proposed framework to build low-cost, high-performance classifier chips. Our framework operates at 100 MHZ and achieves 80.79% average 10-fold cross-validation accuracy across five different datasets.

A wideband beam-switching metasurface antenna using programmable unit-cells is proposed for electromagnetic torso scanning. The design aims at changing the intensity of the electric field inside the torso without any mechanical movements and thus enables fast electronic scanning of the torso. The antenna consists of an H-shape microstrip-fed slot as the radiator and a metasurface layer containing 5 × 5 programmable square ring resonator as the superstrate layer. Four PIN diodes are embedded in each cell to alter the electric field intensity within the metasurface layer and consequently switch the radiation pattern in the azimuth plane, elevation plane, and diagonal axis of the metasurface layer. As a proof of concept, a prototype antenna capable of switching the radiation pattern from -25° to +25° in the azimuth (x-z) plane is fabricated and measured. The antenna, which has the compact size of 0.9λ0×0.9λ0×0.06λ0 (where λ0 is the wavelength at the center operation frequency), achieves a wide bandwidth of 30% at 0.9-1.2 GHz. The peak measured gain is 9.5 dBi with maximum front to back ratio of 12 dB. The fabricated antenna is successfully tested on altering the intensity of the electric field at right, center and left sides of a torso phantom.

The realization of a common-aperture (or shared-aperture) 5G antenna system is proposed for compact and integrated wireless devices. As a combination of a dipole and tapered slots, an integrated antenna design, which operates at multi-bands, i.e. sub-6 GHz at 3.6 GHz and mm-wave at 28 GHz, is validated. The antenna design procedure starts with a dipole operating at 3.6 GHz, which is fed by a modified balun consisting of a tapered slot and a microstrip line. Here, the tapered slot has a dual feature, i.e., it is used to excite the dipole at 3.6 GHz and works as a tapered slot antenna at 28 GHz. Only a single feeder is optimized and used for both structures making the design unique and provides an extremely large frequency ratio. Moreover, the dipole's arms are utilized as an antenna footprint for two tapered slot mm-wave arrays, making the dipole dual-functional. The tapered slot antenna and the mm-wave arrays are optimized in a way that the main beams point at different directions. By this configuration, the design is able to cover an angle of 120° of space in θ-direction. As a proof of concept, a prototype is fabricated on Rogers RO-5880 with an overall size of 75 × 25 × 0.254 mm3. The simulated and measured results confirm the validity of the proposed concept.

A wearable electromagnetic belt system for the detection of hepatic steatosis (lipid accumulation within the major liver cells, hepatocytes), is proposed. To satisfy the requirements of the belt system, an array of body matched antennas is designed. The belt, which goes around the lower chest and over the liver, requires compact, wideband, unidirectional antennas that operate at low microwave frequencies. To avoid using conventional bulky reflector structures, the designed antenna utilizes the loop-dipole combination concept. To enhance electromagnetic wave penetration, the antenna is designed to match the human body. Thus, thanks to the high dielectric loading from the human body, the dipole element of the antenna is easily miniaturized. Since the same principle does not apply on the loop structure, meandered arc-shapes are employed to increase the effective electrical length of the loop. The final antenna design has a measured wide operating bandwidth of 0.58-1.6 GHz with a compact size of 0.096×0.048×0.048λ3. The proposed structure is effective in irradiating the torso, where the signal can reach center of the liver at a depth of 90 mm, with 64% of the peak radiated power. An electromagnetic belt is built using twelve elements of the designed antennas. The belt is then tested on a 3D printed torso phantom that includes models of the lungs and liver. Due to close dielectric properties of the other tissues inside the torso, these are represented using an average tissue mimicking mixture with permittivity of 46. Measured data are analyzed using multivariate energy statistics method. A peak measured dissimilarity of 15.1% between steatotic and healthy liver is attained. These initial tests and obtained results indicate the potential of the proposed system as a method to diagnose hepatic steatosis.

Merging databases from different data sources is one of the important tasks in the data integration process. This study will integrate lecturer data from data sources in the application of academic information systems and research information systems at the Sriwijaya State Polytechnic. This integration of lecturer data will later be used as a single data as master data that can be used by other applications. Lecturer data in the academic section contains 444 records, while those from the p3m section contain 443 records. An important task in the database merging process is to eliminate duplicate records. One of the important libraries in the formation of this master data management uses the record linkage toolkit which is implemented in the python programming language. The steps taken are pre-processing, generating candidate record pairs, compare pairs, score pairs, and finally the data link to merge the two data sources. In this study, 5 fields, namely username, name, place of birth, date of birth, and gender, from each data source were used to measure the level of record similarity. The result of this research is the formation of lecturer master data from the merging of the two sources.

The larvae of Anisakis were living parasites and made marine mammals, birds and reptiles the definitive host. Identification of Anisakis larvae using morphological observation methods will be difficult, especially if there are only a few samples that can be identified. PCR is an identification method using DNA from a small sample quantity and can provide DNA sequence samples. This study aimed to determine the type and infection level of Anisakis sp. at skipjack tuna (Katsuwonus pelamis) from the Oeba Fish Auction (TPI) Kupang City morphologically and molecularly. Morphological analysis results of 30 Anisakis larvae showed the body parts of Anisakis larvae, namely the head, digestive tract, and tail. The infection of Anisakis nematodes in skipjack tuna found five individual nematodes in muscle tissue, 59 individuals in stomach tissue, and 1991 individuals in internal organs. Alignment results between isolates At1 and At2 against isolates A. typica comparing (outgroup), isolate At1 and At2 have high homologs. Based on the results of the study concluded that the type I Anisakis isolated from skipjack tuna (Savu Sea) was Anisakis typica.

As a combination of microwave Multiple-Input Multiple-Output (MIMO) antenna system and mm-wave antenna array, an integrated design is proposed to provide multi-band, high port isolation, and high gain antenna solution for 4G/5G wireless devices. In this work, an array of tapered slots is used as a decoupling structure at microwave frequency and as an antenna array at mm-wave frequency. The proposed geometry consists of a dual-band monopole MIMO antenna system operating at 4G (2.6 GHz) and 5G (3.5 GHz) sub-6 GHz bands. The wideband port isolation of more than 25 dB is achieved by introducing a tapered slot array structure. One of the key design features is the utilization of these slots as an antenna array with a peak realized gain of 15 dBi at 28 GHz, making this array dual-functional, thus more feasible for compact 4G/5G handheld devices. The proposed design is printed on an RO-5880 substrate with an overall size of 70 mm × 50 mm × 0.51 mm. The measured -10-dB impedance matching bandwidth covers two sub-6 GHz bands (from 2.45 GHz to 2.85 GHz and from 3.18 GHz to 3.68 GHz), and the wide mm-wave band from 25 GHz to 30 GHz.

The design of 5G 4-element antenna array system with the capability of switching its operation between right hand circular polarization (RHCP) and left hand circular polarization (LHCP) is proposed. The CP-reconfigurability is achieved by electronically switching two PIN-diode pairs in the feeding circuit, which consists of a branch line coupler and two feeding arms. The proposed configuration reduces the number of tuning elements and allows the use of imperfect PIN diodes at millimeter-wave frequency. The fabricated prototype exhibits a 3-dB axial ratio bandwidth from 27.2 to 28.35 GHz. A maximum measured gain of about 6 dBic and a radiation efficiency of around 51% over the bandwidth are achieved for both CP states.

Abstract Background The use of HbA1c ≥6.5% for diagnosis of diabetes has been challenged for post-transplantation diabetes mellitus (PTDM) also known as new onset diabetes after transplantation (NODAT) due to a low sensitivity early after renal transplantation. PTDM diagnosed with an oral glucose tolerance test (OGTT) is highly predictable for long-term patient mortality. HbA1c was introduced for diagnosis based on the risk of developing diabetic retinopathy. The utility of HbA1c measures versus glucose criteria has not been widely assessed in stable transplant patients but still HbA1c is widely used in this population. The aim of the present analyses was to validate the utility of fasting plasma glucose (FPG) together with HbA1c in diagnosing PTDM in stable renal transplant recipients (RTRs). Methods OGTT’s were performed one year after transplantation in 494 consecutive RTRs without diabetes. FPG and HbA1c were obtained the same day, before starting the OGTT. Validation was performed using C-statistics and logistic regression analyses. Results PTDM was diagnosed in 51 patients (10.3%) by glucose criteria, 38 (74%) patients were diagnosed by FPG ≥7.0 mmol/L [126.1 mg/dl], and 13 (26%) only by 2-h plasma glucose. Six of the latter had HbA1c ≥6.5%. Only seven patients out of the 51 (13.7%) PTDM patients remained undiagnosed when HbA1c ≥6.5% was used together with FPG, and five of these regressed to normal after a median follow-up of 14 months. ROC curves including FPG and HbA1c versus OGTT derived criteria revealed an AUC of 0.858. Conclusions Combining standard diagnostic FPG and HbA1c criteria captured almost all patients with persistent PTDM in stable RTRs. The combined use of the criteria appears to be an applicable diagnostic strategy for PTDM without the need of an OGTT one year post-transplant. Trial registration Retrospectively registered.

The Rawa Danau Panggang (Panggang Lake Swamp) in Hulu Sungai Utara Regency stretches as far as 5,390.7 Ha. This swamp has a large ecological, economic and fisheries resource potential. One of its potentials is lais fish (Cryptopter spp) and plankton which are food sources for these fish biota. The purpose of this study was to determine the food composition of fish lais (Cryptopter spp) and the characteristics of Rawa Danau Panggang waters. The research method used analysis of gastric contents with the largest section index based on Natarjan and Jingran in Effendi (2002) and storet methods for supporting water quality data. The research results exhibited that the food composition found in the lais fish stomach (Cryptopter spp) was diverse. Lais fish were classified as omnivores. Phytoplankton groups have 27 genera from 3 phyla, Zooplankton 6 genera from 2 divisions, and Nekton 1 genera from 1 division. The contents of the gastric stomach (Cryptopter spp) are mostly from the phytoplankton group. The highest genus is 5, namely Navicula with IP = 26.71%, Diatoma with IP = 20.33%, Tabellaria with IP = 12.43%), and Nitzschia with IP = 8.54%, which are genera of Phylum Chrysophyta, and Gonatozygon with IP = 5.35 % which is the genera of Phylum Chlorophyta. The zooplankton group consumed by this fish has far less diversity and abundance compared to phytoplankton group. Plankton consumed by lais fish is determined by the characteristics of Rawa Danau Panggang waters. DO, pH and BOD dominate the characteristics of Rawa Danau Panggang waters.

Road safety has recently been considered an important issue in the country. Single-vehicle accident statistics show the importance of this issue. From a safety viewpoint, drivers need to have a reasonable time window for hazard recognition and reaction; therefore, the hazard has to be in sight from a distance preferably longer than the standard minimum stopping sight distance. Nevertheless, if the roadside configuration makes the sight available for a very long distance, the hazard properties are the ones defining the visibility. The hazard size, color, and mobility are some of the most important hazard properties, which may mainly interact with ambient light (like being day or night) and driving speed. In this research, effect of hazard properties on driving accident likelihood was investigated in a condition that enough recognition and reaction time window was available for the driver to provide a ceteris paribus experiment. To fulfil that in a safe experiment condition, a driving simulator was used to test the behavior of 90 licensed drivers encountering an average of 14 hazards with various sets of properties. Based on the findings of this research, there are some interactions between influential hazard properties. The results imply that it is approximately 23% more likely to observe an accident when encountering a dark small stationary hazard at nighttime like a dark-colored with an observed size of 0.5 m × 0.5 m (e.g., a stone) than a major moving light-colored hazard in the daytime like a camel of 1.5 m ∗ 2 m in size. A green-colored hazard is 27% less likely to involve in an accident at nighttime than hazards with other colors. Each 10 km/h speed increment leads to 1.9% more accident likelihood, and every time the driver encounters a hazard, they will be 0.84% less likely to crash next time.

Background: For patients with primary diffuse large B-cell lymphoma of the central nervous system (PCNSL), whole-brain radiation therapy (WBRT) to doses of ≥45 Gy are often given after a partial response (PR) to methotrexate-based induction chemotherapy. We conducted an exploratory analysis to determine whether lower-dose WBRT, given with a boost to sites of persistent disease, might be a reasonable alternative. Methods and materials: We retrospectively reviewed the records of 22 patients with PCNSL who received WBRT, with or without a boost, after methotrexate-based induction chemotherapy. Outcomes were compared among patients according to response to chemotherapy using the Kaplan-Meier method. Results: Median follow-up was 52 months. All patients with a complete response (CR) (n = 5) received WBRT to 23.4 Gy. One CR patient died after an in-field relapse. Patients with partial response (PR) (n = 10) received a median whole-brain dose of 23.4 Gy with (n = 8) or without (n = 2) a boost; there were 2 relapses within the central nervous system (CNS). All PR patients were alive at the time of analysis. The overall survival (P = .127) and freedom from relapse within the CNS (P = .967) were not different for patients with CR versus PR. Baseline and follow-up neurocognitive evaluations were available for 4 PR patients, and there were no significant differences between pre- and post-treatment evaluations (P > .05 for language, memory, visual-spatial, attention, or motor functions). All patients who progressed or did not respond to chemotherapy and then received WBRT had died at a median time of 3.4 months. Patients who progressed or did not respond to chemotherapy had worse overall survival (P = .001) and freedom from CNS relapse (P = .005) compared with CR patients. Conclusions: Among patients with a PR to induction chemotherapy, reduced-dose WBRT with a boost to residual PCNSL may be a viable treatment approach that merits further investigation.

In a previous (herein referred to as Ammar, Amin and Hassan Paper [1]) the statement of the problem was formulated and the basic visibility function between two satellites in terms of the orbital elements and time were derived. In this paper the perturbing effect due to drag force on the visibility function were derived explicitly up to O(e4), by using Taylor’s expansion for the visibility function about certain epoch. We determine the rise and set times of the satellites through the sign of the visibility function. Numerical examples were worked out for some satellites in order to check the validity of the work.

This paper presents an analytical method to determine the rise-set times of satellite-satellite visibility periods in different orbits. The Visibility function in terms of the orbital elements of the two satellites versus the time were derived explicitly up to e4. The line-of-sight corrected for Earth Oblateness up to J2, were considered as a perturbation to the orbital elements. The visibility intervals of the satellites were calculated for some numerical examples in order to test the results of the analytical work.

Abstract: Optimal donor selection is critical for successful allogeneic hematopoietic cell transplantation (HCT). Donor sex and parity are well-established risk factors for graft-versus-host disease (GVHD), with male donors typically associated with lower rates of GVHD. Well-matched unrelated donors (URDs) have also been associated with increased risks of GVHD as compared with matched sibling donors. These observations raise the question of whether male URDs would lead to more (or less) favorable transplant outcomes as compared with parous female sibling donors. We used the Center for International Blood and Marrow Transplant Research registry to complete a retrospective cohort study in adults with acute myeloid leukemia, acute lymphoblastic leukemia, or myelodysplastic syndrome, who underwent T-cell replete HCT from these 2 donor types (parous female sibling or male URD) between 2000 and 2012. Primary outcomes included grade 2 to 4 acute GVHD (aGVHD), chronic GVHD (cGVHD), and overall survival. Secondary outcomes included disease-free survival, transplant-related mortality, and relapse. In 2813 recipients, patients receiving male URD transplants (n = 1921) had 1.6 times higher risk of grade 2 to 4 aGVHD (P < .0001). For cGVHD, recipient sex was a significant factor, so donor/recipient pairs were evaluated. Female recipients of male URD grafts had a higher risk of cGVHD than those receiving parous female sibling grafts (relative risk [RR] = 1.43, P < .0001), whereas male recipients had similar rates of cGVHD regardless of donor type (RR = 1.09, P = .23). Donor type did not significantly affect any other end point. We conclude that when available, parous female siblings are preferred over male URDs.

Fanconi anemia (FA) is a hereditary genomic instability disorder with a predisposition to leukemia and oral squamous cell carcinomas (OSCCs). Hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (HSCT) facilitates cure of bone marrow failure and leukemia and thus extends life expectancy in FA patients; however, survival of hematologic malignancies increases the risk of OSCC in these patients. We developed a “cytology-on-a-chip” (COC)–based brush biopsy assay for monitoring patients with oral potentially malignant disorders (OPMDs). Using this COC assay, we measured and correlated the cellular morphometry and Minichromosome Maintenance Complex Component 2 (MCM2) expression levels in brush biopsy samples of FA patients’ OPMD with clinical risk indicators such as loss of autofluorescence (LOF), HSCT status, and mutational profiles identified by next-generation sequencing. Statistically significant differences were found in several cytology measurements based on high-risk indicators such as LOF-positive and HSCT-positive status, including greater variation in cell area and chromatin distribution, higher MCM2 expression levels, and greater numbers of white blood cells and cells with enlarged nuclei. Higher OPMD risk scores were associated with differences in the frequency of nuclear aberrations and differed based on LOF and HSCT statuses. We identified mutation of FAT1 gene in five and NOTCH-2 and TP53 genes in two cases of FA patients’ OPMD. The high-risk OPMD of a non-FA patient harbored FAT1, CASP8, and TP63 mutations. Use of COC assay in combination with visualization of LOF holds promise for the early diagnosis of high-risk OPMD. These minimally invasive diagnostic tools are valuable for long-term surveillance of OSCC in FA patients and avoidance of unwarranted scalpel biopsies.

A wideband small-footprint circularly polarized Fabry-Perot resonator antenna is presented in this paper. The design employs a partial reflecting surface (PRS) consisting of thin homogeneous dielectric slabs separated by a small air gap. The PRS is analyzed using transmission line theory, which gives more insightful into the theoretical concept and provides a simple tool for design and optimization. An antenna prototype with overall size of 1.2λfmin × 1.2λfmin × 0.6λfmin has been fabricated and experimentally validated (λfmin being the free-space wavelength at the minimum operating frequency). The measured impedance matching and axial ratio bandwidths are approximately 55.7% and 47.7%, respectively. In addition, the antenna achieved 3-dB gain bandwidth of 50.9% with a peak gain of 15 dBi. Compared to previous designs targeting similar applications, the antenna proposed here possesses a simple geometry with light weight, ease of optimization and fabrication, as well as enhanced axial ratio bandwidth and 3-dB gain bandwidth.

In this paper, a systematic design procedure of a compact and broadband circularly polarized (CP) antenna is proposed. The antenna is first designed with a C-shaped monopole, and then a C-shaped slotted patch is utilized to produce CP radiation in the lower frequency band. Thus, the antenna's overall CP bandwidth (BW) is significantly increased. In addition, unlike the conventional method in which the operation is verified by the simulated surface current distribution, characteristic mode analysis (CMA) is carried out to give more insight into different modes on the antenna and generation of circular polarization. The CMA also helps to realize a structural optimization and identify an efficient feed location. The optimized antenna prototype with a compact size of 0.29λ0 × 0.29λ0 × 0.01λ0 (λ0 is the minimum wavelength at the minimum operation frequency) achieves a usable 10-dB reflection coefficient and 3-dB axial ratio fractional BW of 91% (2.1-5.6 GHz). The antenna realized broadside gain varies from 1.5 to 3.2 dBic within this measured overlapped BW.

Beta-Caryophyllene (BCP), a naturally occurring sesquiterpene abundantly found in cloves, hops, and cannabis, is the active candidate of a relatively new group of vascular-inhibiting compounds that aim to block existing tumor blood vessels. Previously, we have reported the anti-cancer properties of BCP by utilizing a series of in-vitro anti-tumor-related assays using human colorectal carcinoma cells. The present study aimed to investigate the effects of BCP on in-vitro, ex-vivo, and in-vivo models of anti-angiogenic assays and evaluate its anti-cancer activity in xenograft tumor (both ectopic and orthotopic) mice models of human colorectal cancer. Computational structural analysis and an apoptosis antibody array were also performed to understand the molecular players underlying this effect. BCP exhibited strong anti-angiogenic activity by blocking the migration of endothelial cells, tube-like network formation, suppression of vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) secretion from human umbilical vein endothelial cells and sprouting of rat aorta microvessels. BCP has a probable binding at Site#0 on the surface of VEGFR2. Moreover, BCP significantly deformed the vascularization architecture compared to the negative control in a chick embryo chorioallantoic membrane assay. BCP showed a remarkable reduction in tumor size and fluorescence molecular tomography signal intensity in all the mice treated with BCP, in a dose-dependent relationship, in ectopic and orthotopic tumor xenograft models, respectively. The histological analysis of the tumor from BCP-treated mice revealed a clear reduction of the density of vascularization. In addition, BCP induced apoptosis through downregulation of HSP60, HTRA, survivin, and XIAP, along with the upregulation of p21 expressions. These results suggest that BCP acts at multiple stages of angiogenesis and could be used as a promising therapeutic candidate to halt the growth of colorectal tumor cells.

Background & Aims: The factors that distinguish metabolically healthy obesity from metabolically unhealthy obesity are not well understood. Diet has been implicated as a determinant of the unhealthy obesity phenotype, but which aspects of the diet induce dysmetabolism are unknown. The goal of this study was to investigate whether specific macronutrients or macronutrient combinations provoke dysmetabolism in the context of isocaloric, high-energy diets. Methods: Mice were fed 4 high-energy diets identical in calorie and nutrient content but different in nutrient composition for 3 weeks to 6 months. The test diets contained 42% carbohydrate (sucrose or starch) and 42% fat (oleate or palmitate). Weight and glucose tolerance were monitored; blood and tissues were collected for histology, gene expression, and immunophenotyping. Results: Mice gained weight on all 4 test diets but differed significantly in other metabolic outcomes. Animals fed the starch-oleate diet developed more severe hepatic steatosis than those on other formulas. Stable isotope incorporation showed that the excess hepatic steatosis in starch-oleateâfed mice derived from exaggerated adipose tissue lipolysis. In these mice, adipose tissue lipolysis coincided with adipocyte necrosis and inflammation. Notably, the liver and adipose tissue abnormalities provoked by starch-oleate feeding were reproduced when mice were fed a mixed-nutrient Western diet with 42% carbohydrate and 42% fat. Conclusions: The macronutrient composition of the diet exerts a significant influence on metabolic outcome, independent of calories and nutrient proportions. Starch-oleate appears to cause hepatic steatosis by inducing progressive adipose tissue injury. Starch-oleate phenocopies the effect of a Western diet; consequently, it may provide clues to the mechanism whereby specific nutrients cause metabolically unhealthy obesity. Keywords: Steatohepatitis, Oleate, Starch, Adipose Tissue

Given the rapid introduction of mobile phones and other portable wireless devices into society, and the increased possibility of young children using or being exposed to electromagnetic (EM) fields, a study of specific absorption rate (SAR) in the head of young children is becoming increasingly relevant. To accurately evaluate the exposure of children to electromagnetic fields, realistic head models, which consider the age-specific anatomical structure and age-dependent tissues dielectric properties, are developed. During postnatal development of human tissues, the number and size of cells increase while the proportion of water content decreases. Such changes result generally in significant changes in the dielectric properties of tissues. The SAR levels for different ages are investigated using the developed children's head models when young children or their parents use a standard mobile phone. The results show that the maximum SAR levels in brain tissues of young children (3 months) are higher by up to 61% and 78% than adults at the lowest (700 MHz) and highest (2600 MHz) investigated frequencies, respectively. The percentage absorption power in the heads of young children (3 months) is higher by up to 40.6% and 24% than the values for adults at 700 MHz and 2600 MHz, respectively. Our investigation shows that previous studies, which used scaled head models without considering the age-dependent variations in the head anatomy and/or age-dependent tissues' dielectric properties, underestimated SAR levels in the children's heads. The obtained results using the developed realistic head models indicate that for young children, a lower limit on radiated power might be required to meet the acceptable dosimetry levels.

Background: This study aims to investigate the combination effect of a novel sirtuin inhibitor (BZD9L1) with 5-fluorouracil (5-FU) and to determine its molecular mechanism of action in colorectal cancer (CRC). Methods: BZD9L1 and 5-FU either as single treatment or in combination were tested against CRC cells to evaluate synergism in cytotoxicity, senescence and formation of micronucleus, cell cycle and apoptosis, as well as the regulation of related molecular players. The effects of combined treatments at different doses on stress and apoptosis, migration, invasion and cell death mechanism were evaluated through two-dimensional and three-dimensional cultures. In vivo studies include investigation on the combination effects of BZD9L1 and 5-FU on colorectal tumour xenograft growth and an evaluation of tumour proliferation and apoptosis using immunohistochemistry. Results: Combination treatments exerted synergistic reduction on cell viability on HCT 116 cells but not on HT-29 cells. Combined treatments reduced survival, induced cell cycle arrest, apoptosis, senescence and micronucleation in HCT 116 cells through modulation of multiple responsible molecular players and apoptosis pathways, with no effect in epithelial mesenchymal transition (EMT). Combination treatments regulated SIRT1 and SIRT2 protein expression levels differently and changed SIRT2 protein localization. Combined treatment reduced growth, migration, invasion and viability of HCT 116 spheroids through apoptosis, when compared with the single treatment. In addition, combined treatment was found to reduce tumour growth in vivo through reduction of tumour proliferation and necrosis compared with the vehicle control group. This highlights the potential therapeutic effects of BZD9L1 and 5-FU towards CRC. Conclusion: This study may pave the way for use of BZD9L1 as an adjuvant to 5-FU in improving the therapeutic efficacy for the treatment of colorectal cancer.