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Background & aim: High levels of adherence to treatment among HIV patients as one of the sexually transmitted diseases (STD) are essential for promoting viral suppression and preventing drug resistance, but little is known about the factors that contribute to antiretroviral adherence. This study aimed to evaluate adherence to therapy and its related factors among HIV-infected patients.Methods: This mixed-methods study was carried out at the Behavioural Diseases Center in Tabriz, Iran in 2021. In a cross-sectional study phase, 137 HIV-infected patients were selected through census sampling method. Then, 21 in-depth interviews were conducted during the qualitative phase using a content analysis approach. Quantitative and qualitative data analysis was performed by SPSS (version 24) and MAXQDA (Version 10), respectively. Results: The mean score of Adherence was 8.96±2.36 and the majority of participants had moderate to high adherence to treatment. The analyses of regression, predictors of adherence included marital status (β= 0.219, SE= 0.090, P=0.016), income level (β= 0.206, SE= 0.201, P=0.030), and education (β= 0.226, SE= 0.063, P=0.021). Also, two themes of “perceived barriers” and “perceived facilitators” emerged which included six main categories at the individual, socio-environmental and organizational as well as drug and treatment levels.Conclusion: Despite moderate to high adherence, antiretroviral treatment is a challenging issue. Based on the results, various factors play a role as obstacles and facilitators factors of adherence to treatment among HIV patients. So, intervention programs can be aimed at removing barriers and strengthening facilitators based on based on the factors involved.

In the present world a company’s profile is not substantiated purely in relation to financial issues, rather, a need for the inclusion of environmental and social perspectives arises. According to this, there is a rapidly growing level of awareness of social and environmental activities, and this view has been considered in recent years under the title of sustainability performance. According to the concepts of the contingency theory, the implementation of the sustainability approach can be significantly different depending on the different conditions of the organization. This theory has brought many consequences in management decision-making in an organization, management decisions themselves are affected by their characteristics.The purpose of this research is to investigate the moderating role of managers' behavioral dimensions on the relationship between contingent factors and non-financial sustainability performance. Nine research hypotheses were tested and analyzed using the information of 142 firms admitted to the Tehran Stock Exchange in the period from 2013 to 2022 (including 1420 firm-year observations) and using regression. The results indicated a positive and significant effect of firm size on non-financial sustainability performance and a negative and significant effect of environmental complexity and uncertainty on non-financial sustainability performance. No significant relationship was documented between board independence and non-financial sustainability performance. Management optimism strengthens the relationship between firm size and non-financial sustainability performance, In addition,

Mystical tourism could have a significant role in the development of tourism industry. It is also possible to achieve a significant contribution by investing in the pristine sector of mystical tourism and create an authentic Iranian mystical cultural space. Considering the characteristic of a mystical tourist, which is generally spiritual and cognitive issues, gaining inner peace and the meaning of existence, it should be taken into consideration in branding a mystical destination. For this reason, this research tries to investigate The effect of visiting the mystical destination brand on love and fascination with the destination brand. In addition, the cultural destination of tourism can be created with a strong relationship between tourism and culture. Attarnishaburi tomb is one of the potential tourist areas that has the ability to attract tourists at the national and international level with unique historical, cultural, and religious features. The current research was conducted on the people who visited the tomb of Atar Neishaburi in the winter of 1400. Among the current population, 348 people were selected as a research sample based on Cochran's formula with the available sampling method. Statistical calculations were performed by SPSS and Amos software, and the structural equation modeling method was used to check the conceptual model of the research. The findings of the research indicate that brand awareness in mystical tourism according to the criteria of expectation from the brand, consumer brand allocation, secrets, sensitivity to the brand, intimacy and interest in the brand, respect for the brand, in terms of the fit of the tourist with The destination brand creates a positive and meaningful impact. The presence of an important relationship between tourists and the brand, with enjoyable experiences gained from the brand, creates more trust in the brand. The experiences created in connection with the brand can have potential positive effects on trust and satisfaction with the brand. One of the most important tasks of brand managers is to understand a set of associations around the brand because it can be valuable in the brand.

Sports diplomacy is regarded as one of the most important communicative components among nations in their international relations. Regarding the mentioned fact, the main objective of this study was to provide a paradigm of sport diplomacy in the foreign policy of Iran. This is a qualitative study with exploratory nature by applying the Strauss and Corbin grounded theory approach. The data collection tool was semi-structured interviews with 14 elites including sports experts and policymakers. Findings demonstrated 133 initial concepts in open coding, reduced into 27 categories, and categorized into six main themes to support the initial development of the model. The results showed that adopting appropriate strategies like managerial evolution, developing indigenous models, national brand-making through sports, educating and empowering human resources, legal and structural development of sports diplomacy, and cultural changes in Iranian professional sports could bring greater consequences that encourage governing bodies to alter attitudes toward the role of sports diplomacy, and to empowers foreign policy for strengthening mutual relations worldwide.

Abstract Background Adherence to therapy is a key predictor of the success of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) treatment. There is limited information available from Iran about that and there is a need for more knowledge about factors influencing treatment adherence. The aim of this study is to examine adherence levels and to explore patients’ views about barriers and facilitators to HIV treatment adherence. Methods This mixed-method study with the sequential explanatory design has two phases. The first phase (quantitative phase) is a cross- sectional study to assess the in Tabriz, the sixth large city of Iran. A convenience sampling method will be used to select 150 HIV positive patients who visit health centers in Tabriz. The second phase is a qualitative study designed to explore the HIV positive patients’ views of barriers and facilitators that can affect their adherence to therapy. In this phase, purposive sampling and in-depth individual interviews will be conducted for data collection. The conventional content analysis approach will be employed for data analysis. In addition to literature review and nominal group technique, the findings of the qualitative and quantitative phases, will be used to recommend some strategies to support adherence to therapy in HIV positive patients. Discussion This is the first study looking into adherence to therapy and exploring of factors influencing in HIV positive patients which will be performed via a mixed-method approach, aiming to develop health practices improvement strategies. It is worth noting that there is no strategic guideline in Iran’s health system for improvement of treatment adherence in HIV positive patients. Health professionals and policy makers can be aware of factors influencing HIV treatment adherence. Therefore, it is hoped that the strategy proposed in the current study can lead to improvements their ability to treatment adherence.

This paper presents an empirical investigation to study the effects of real revenue management on auditing fees in selected firms from Tehran Stock Exchange. The study gathers the necessary information from selected stocks listed on Tehran Stock Exchange. The proposed study uses the information of 63 firms over a four-year period from 2009 to 2012, which leaves us to have 252 data. Using some regression study, The study has confirmed revenue management influences positively on auditing fee in general. In addition, while revenue management through an increase in sales does not impact on auditing fee, the survey has concluded that revenue management through increase in production units as well as decrease in discretionary expenditures could significantly influence on auditing fees.

This study offers new perspectives on the biochemical and physiological changes that occur in wheat following a gene-for-gene interaction with the fungal pathogen Zymoseptoria tritici. The Z. tritici isolate IPO323, carries AvrStb6, while ΔAvrStb6#33, lacks AvrStb6. The wheat cultivar (cv.) Shafir, bears the corresponding resistance gene Stb6. Inoculation of cv. Shafir with these isolates results in two contrasted phenotypes, offering a unique opportunity to study the immune response caused by the recognition of AvrStb6 by Stb6. We employed a variety of methodologies to dissect the physiological and biochemical events altered in cv. Shafir, as a result of the AvrStb6-Stb6 interaction. Comparative analysis of stomatal conductance demonstrated that AvrStb6-Stb6 mediates transient stomatal closures to restrict the penetration of Zymoseptoria tritici. Tracking photosynthetic functionality through chlorophyll fluorescence imaging analysis demonstrated that AvrStb6-Stb6 retains the functionality of photosynthesis apparatus by promoting Non-Photochemical Quenching (NPQ). Furthermore, the PlantCV image analysis tool was used to compare the H2O2 accumulation and incidence of cell death (2, 4, 8, 12, 16, and 21 dpi), over Z. tritici infection. Finally, our research shows that the AvrStb6-Stb6 interaction coordinates the expression and activity of antioxidant enzymes, both enzymatic and non-enzymatic, to counteract oxidative stress. In conclusion, the Stb6-AvrStb6 interaction in the Z. tritici-wheat pathosystem triggers transient stomatal closure and maintains photosynthesis while regulating oxidative stress.