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In this study, we have conducted a detailed analysis of 10 recently synthesized chromen derivatives to evaluate their performance as electrocatalytic sensing materials for the detection of Li+ ions. Our investigation involved the use of Infra-red (IR) and frontier molecular orbital (FMO) computations to gain insights into the interactions between these derivatives and Li+ ions. The results obtained from our analysis revealed that the derivative with NO2 substitution in the meta position of the benzene ring exhibited the strongest interaction with Li+ ions. This was observed in both vacuum and aqueous phases, with Kf values of 5.429×10+48 and 1.036×10+23, respectively. Such a strong interaction suggests that this derivative has the potential to be an excellent candidate for the development of electrochemical sensors for the detection of Li+ ions. Furthermore, we also investigated the changes in the bandgap of this derivative during the complexation process. Our findings indicated that this particular derivative experienced the most significant changes in its bandgap, with a percentage decrease of -50.824. This observation highlights its potential as a selective and sensitive recognition element for the detection of Li+ ions. Overall, our research provides valuable insights into the performance of these chromen derivatives as electrocatalytic sensing materials for Li+ ion detection. The derivative with NO2 substitution in the meta position of the benzene ring emerges as a promising candidate due to its strong interaction with Li+ ions and significant changes in its bandgap during complexation. These findings pave the way for the development of new and improved electrochemical sensors for the detection of Li+ ions, which can have significant implications in various fields such as energy storage and battery technologies. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Migraine causes patients' disability so that these patients are either absent from work and study, or even if they attend, they do not have the necessary efficiency for learning or working. Objectives of the study was to compare the effects of gabapentin (GBP) and sodium valproate (VPA) on patients with migraine headaches. Materials & Methods: In this clinical trial, patients suffering from migraine were included in the study and received preventive treatments of migraine in two groups: GBP (n=35) and VPA (n=35). In this study, headache impact test (HIT6) and Migraine Disability Assessment Scale (MIDAS) were used. the sampling method is block random and in the order of patients entering the department, they are in group A (GBP) and B (sodium VPA) and the sampling continued until the patients reached a sample size of n=70. In all patients, 6 and 12 weeks after taking the drugs, MHA was examined using HIT6 and MIDAS. the data were analyzed by SPSS 16. Results: Results showed, HIT6 score reduced from 53.68 (8.98) to 42.02 (2.61) in GBP group, and reduced from 55.57 (9.24) to 41.91 (2.17) in VAP group. MIDAS score reduced from 14.28 (1.5) to 5.97 (1.12) in GBP group and reduced from 14.85 (3.39) to 6.4 (1.11) in VAP group. Also, in the group receiving GBP, HIT6 score reduced significantly (P=0.000, F=3960.727) and MIDAS score also reduced significantly (P=0.000, F=5509.340). Also, in VAP group, a significant reduction was found in HIT6 (P=0.000, F=4855.349) and MIDAS (P=0.000, F=1332.999) Conclusions: Both GBP and VPA reduced MHA. For this reason, while suggesting the prescription of both of these drugs, it is suggested to conduct further studies in this field. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Antibiotics as the most widely prescribed medicinal compounds are considered now as a main emerging environmental contaminant all over the world because their existence in environmental matrices not only endanger the health of human and other living organisms but also can cause serious environmental issues. The statistical studies estimate the amount of utilized antibiotics is 1x105 to 2x105 tons globally in each year. In this respect, antibiotics removal is of great importance and this review study was devoted to a comprehensive and critical look at the adsorption-based methods for the removal of antibiotics (from different chemical families) and the effects of various parameters that can influence the removal capacity such as adsorbent dosage, temperature, initial concentration, solution pH, and etc. were discussed in details. Besides, some important suggestions that can enhance the removal percentage of antibiotics in the future studies were also proposed and discussed. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]