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Strawberry (Frageria ananasa) is the fruit of temperate climate but some cultivars are adaptable to sub-tropical climate as well. In Pakistan, strawberry runners are only produced in Swat Mingora, Khyber Pakhtunkhwa. This research was aimed to produce runners in Punjab environments. Therefore this research was carried out at Pir Mehar Ali Shah Arid Agriculture University.Rawalpindi, during the years 2017-18. Strawberry cultivar "Chandler" were treated with different concentrations (control, 150 ppm, 300 ppm and 450 ppm) of gibberellic acid in four different environments (open field, plastic tunnel, glass house and lath house) to investigate their effect on vegetative growth and runners production. Data was recorded for plant height, crown diameter, petiole length, count of leaves, count of trusses, count of runners, leaf area, weight of fresh leaves, weight of dry leaves and canopy size. Results unveiled that strawberries cultivated in a lath with 450 ppm GA3 application gave exceptional results for all the observed parameters except crown diameter and canopy spread, which were superior in open field crop and treated with 450 ppm GA3 solution. Hence it can be concluded that strawberries cultivated in a lath house with 450 ppm GA3 application produces excellent quality plants and capable to produce runners for the next season. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The research study was executed at Agricultural Research Station Swabi, during winter 2016 on "response of radish (Raphanus sativus L) to various doses of phosphorous and potassium fertilizers". This study was outlined as two factorial, split plot Randomized Complete Block design (RCBD) having three replications. The aim of this study was to observe the effect of macronutrients i.e. P and K on growth and yield of radish crop. Phosphorus at 0 kg ha-1, 25 kg ha-1, 50 kg ha-1, 75 kg ha-1 and potassium at 0 kg ha-1, 30 kg ha-1, 60 kg ha-1, 90 kg ha-1 were applied to radish crop. The effect of different levels on radish crop was evaluated for leaves plant-1, leaf dry matter (%), root dry matter (%), root diameter (mm) and root length (cm). It was observed that there was a significant effect of P and K levels on growth and yield of radish. Results revealed that maximum root diameter, root dry matter, leaf dry matter was recorded in plants fertilized with 25 kg ha-1 phosphorous while highest leaves plant-1 and root length was observed in control plots. Regarding potassium, highest root diameter, leaf dry matter, number of leaves plant-1 was recorded in plots provided with 60 kg ha-1 potassium while maximum root dry matter and root length was observed in 30 kg ha-1. Furthermore, good quality yield of radish can be achieved by providing 50 kg ha-1 phosphorous and 30 kg ha-1. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Economic empowerment plays a significant role in the life and decision making process of women in societies around the world. Financial autonomy enables women to influence a range of decision including regarding their reproduction choices. This study was based on quantitative research design to investigate the role of financial autonomy woman in their contraceptive use and birth spacing in their children. The study was conducted in three tehsils of District Mardan, Khyber Pakhtunkhwa-Pakistan. A sample of 413 married women was selected through multi-stage random sampling technique. Primary, data was collected through interview schedule. Univariate and bivariate analyses were conducted to derive study findings and conclusion. Findings of the study showed that economically empowered women were taking equal part in financial decision-making of household and they have more freedom and autonomy of using contraceptives with respect to their counterparts. Further, those women whose decisions were valued regarding the purchasing of precious things for their houses had more freedom in using contraceptives, while the role of economically poor women were minimum in contraceptives use. The study suggests that provision of education, job opportunities and gender equality and awareness raising can enhance women‟s financial autonomy which further affects their use of contraceptive uses positively. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This research is based on a preliminary study and a need analysis conducted on the eye of a gasoline engine. It is found that learning is not optimal. This is due to the inappropriate learning model and strategy and the very rapid development of automotive technology. This study aims to develop a Competency Problem Based Learning (MP-CPBL) Learning. Research and developmental / R & D methods are included in the "need to do" research category, namely research whose results will be used to assist the implementation of work so that if the work is assisted by-products produced from R&D, it will be more productive, effective and efficient. Hence the R&D research and development method. Research and development (R&D) methods are included in the combination research method sequential model. This research produces a Competency Problem Based Learning (MP-CPBL) learning model with 9 syntaxes: a) Introduction and review b) Problem Identification c) Understanding Problems d) Collecting and sharing information e) Planning Training f) Developing training Materials g) Implementing training h) Presenting the results of the training i) evaluating the results of the training. The resulting model analysis met the criteria for practicality with the student's current condition score only 63.16 (mean = 3.16) or still in the sufficient category. Meanwhile, the current condition desired by students is 84.49 (mean = 4.22), so that the gap between the current condition and the expected condition according to students is 21.33 (mean = 1.07). While the conditions expected to reach the number 65.57 (mean = 3.28) or still in the sufficient category. Meanwhile, the expected condition that students want is 86.47 (mean = 4.32), so the gap between the current condition and the expected condition according to students is 20.90 (mean = 1.05). [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The utilization of exhaust gas flow with Electric Turbo Compounding (ETC) mechanism is applied on this research. On this mechanism, the exhaust gas flow is used to rotate the alternator. The ETC installation is designed to prevent the produce of a back pressure effect which disturbs the engine performance. This mechanism was chosen based on literature study that had been done previously to the exhaust gas flow utilization mechanism on several vehicles. As the result, the ETC mechanism is the most suitable to be developed on passenger vehicles with small capacities. The power transfer process on ETC uses a gear mechanism with 2:1 ratio to increase input rotation of the generator. From the test result, the charging current is 1.25-1.48 A at 850-2.000 rpm engine speed. It is such a quite low number when compared to the normal charging system, which is 6.23 - 8.1 A at 1.200 - 2.000 rpm engine speed. Nevertheless, for the waste energy utilization, this number is much more promising to be developed in the future. From the result of this research, it is known that the installation of the ETC mechanism can be a solution for vehicle's wasted energy utilization on exhaust gas flow form even the amount of flow generated is small. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]