Search

Abstract The rising demand for gold requires innovative methods for its recovery from e-waste. Here we present the synthesis of two tetrazine-based vinyl-linked covalent organic frameworks: TTF-COF and TPE-COF that adsorb gold ions and nanoparticles and catalyze the carboxylation of terminal alkynes. These covalent organic frameworks have low band gaps and high photocurrent responses. TTF-COF has an adsorption capacity toward aqueous Au(III) of 2440 mg g–1, and TPE-COF’s Au(III) adsorption capacity is 1639 mg g–1. The gold source is metal flakes isolated from waste computer processing units. Of the gold present, > 99% is selectively captured by TTF-COF whereas only 5% of the Ni and 2% of the Cu in the solution is adsorbed. The Au-loaded covalent organic frameworks catalyze the carboxylation of terminal alkynes and are stable and reusable for six reuse cycles. Our covalent organic frameworks convert e-waste into a valuable catalyst for a useful green organic transformation.

Sammar Fathy Elhabal,1 Saeed AS Al-Zuhairy,2 Mohamed El-Nabarawi,3 Mohamed Fathi Mohamed Elrefai,4,5 Mai S Shoela,6 Sandra Hababeh,7 Jakline Nelson,8 Mohamed A Abdel Khalek,9 Marwa Fady,10,11 Nahla A Elzohairy,11,12 Mariam E Amin,13 Gehad M Khamis,6 Amira Rizk,14 Sara Mohamed Ahmed,15 Ahmed A El-Rashedy,16 Mohamed Mohany,17 Abdulaziz S Al-Roujayee,18 Ahmed Mohsen Faheem,19 Amr Amin20 1Department of Pharmaceutics and Industrial Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Modern University for Technology and Information (MTI), Mokattam, Cairo, Egypt; 2Department of Pharmacy, Kut University College, Kut, Wasit, Iraq; 3Department of Pharmaceutics and Industrial Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Cairo University, Cairo, Egypt; 4Department of Anatomy, physiology and Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, the Hashemite University, Zarqa, Jordan; 5Department of Anatomy and Embryology, Faculty of Medicine, Ain Shams University, Cairo, Egypt; 6Department of Clinical Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, Alexandria University, Alexandria, Egypt; 7Department of Pharmaceutics, College of Pharmacy, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia; 8Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Nahda University, Beni-Suef, Egypt; 9Institute of Nanoscience and Nanotechnology, Kafrelsheikh University, Kafrelsheikh, 33516, Egypt; 10Zagazig University Hospitals, Infection Control Unit, Zagazig, 44519, Egypt; 11Modern University for Technology & Information, Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Pharmacy College., Cairo Governorat, Egypt; 12Air Force Specialized Hospital, Cairo, Egypt; 13Microbiology and Immunology Department, Faculty of Pharmacy, Suez Canal University, Ismailia, Egypt; 14Food Science and technology, Department Faculty of Agricultural, Tanta University, Tanta, Egypt; 15Department of Pharmaceutics, College of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Drug Manufacturing, Misr University for Science and Technology, Giza, 12585, Egypt; 16Chemistry of Natural and Microbial Products Department, National Research Center (NRC), Giza, Egypt; 17Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, College of Pharmacy, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia; 18Department of Dermatology and Venereology, College of Medicine, Al Imam Mohammad Ibn Saud Islamic University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia; 19Department of Medical Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Faculty of Medicine, Mansoura University, Mansoura, Egypt; 20College of Medicine, Sharjah University, Sharjah, United Arab EmiratesCorrespondence: Sammar Fathy Elhabal; Amr Amin, Email sammar_fathy2007@yahoo.com, sammar.fathy@pharm.mti.edu.eg; a.amin@sharjah.ac.aeBackground: Diabetic foot ulcers present a formidable challenge due to colonization by biofilm-forming microorganisms, heightened oxidative stress, and continuous wound maceration caused by excessive exudation.Methods: To address these issues, we developed a robust, stretchable, electro-conductive, self-healing, antioxidant, and antibiofilm hydrogel. This hydrogel was synthesized through the crosslinking of polyvinyl alcohol (PVA) and chitosan (CH) with boric acid. To enhance its antimicrobial efficacy, graphene oxide (GO), produced via electrochemical exfoliation in a zinc ion-based electrolyte medium, was incorporated. For optimal antibiofilm performance, GO was functionalized with cranberry (CR) phenolic extracts, forming a graphene oxide-cranberry nanohybrid (GO-CR).Results: The incorporation of GO-CR into the hydrogel significantly improved its stretchability (280% for PVA/CH/GO-CR compared to 200% for PVA/CH). Additionally, the hydrogel demonstrated efficient photothermal conversion under near-infrared (NIR) light, enabling dynamic exudate removal, which is expected to minimize retained exudate between the wound and the dressing, reducing the risk of wound maceration. The hydrogel effectively reduced levels of lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced skin inflammation markers, significantly lowering the expression of NLRP3, TNF-α, IL-6, and IL-1β by 39.2%, 31.9%, 41%, and 52.3%, respectively. Histopathological and immunohistochemical analyses further confirmed reduced inflammation and enhanced wound healing.Conclusion: The PVA/CH/GO-CR hydrogel exhibits multifunctional properties that enhance wound healing ulcers. Its superior mechanical, antibacterial, and anti-inflammatory properties and ability to promote angiogenesis make it a promising candidate for effective wound management in diabetic patients. Keywords: antibiofilm, cranberry extract, electro conductive hydrogel, graphene oxide, nanocomposite, photothermal conversion, self-healing, wound healing

Abstract The purpose of this research is to design an entrepreneurial government model in attracting and recruiting public sector human resources (case study: Sistan and Baluchistan province). The present research is applicable in terms of purpose; and exploratory in terms of nature; and it is specifically based on structural equation modeling. The statistical population of the research is all human resource managers and experts in government organizations located in Sistan and Baluchistan province, whose number in 2020 is about 700 people, and the sample size is based on the rule proposed by Bentler and Chu (1987), based on which a total of 390 people were selected by simple random sampling. The collection tool in this research is a researcher-made questionnaire, taken from the qualitative part. In order to analyze the data, structural equation technique was used using Lisrel statistical software and Spss statistical software. The results showed that for seven hypotheses out of the total of nine formulated hypotheses based on the research model, no evidence of rejection at the 5% error level has been obtained, and it has a positive and significant effect, and also the results of the average common values ​​and the average values ​​of R Squares show that the value of GOF is equal to 0.790, which indicates the strong fit of the model. Extended Abstract Introduction Human resources is the most valuable and important asset of an organization, and the individual and collective efforts of people are the result of the knowledge of thinking, creativity, and efficiency of human resource management that brings the organization closer or further away from the determined goals, and human resources management can play a key and vital role in the development of abilities and capabilities of the companies (Leroy et al, 2018); because it is almost impossible to achieve the goals of the organization without considering its human resources (Deljo et al, 2021). Therefore, the importance of human force management as the most prominent factor of competitive advantage in human resources management is effective directly in the efficiency and effectiveness of human resources (Soleimani Babadi et al, 2022). Today, entrepreneurship in the public sector has been able to improve productivity at various individual and organizational levels, which, of course, requires proper foundation. Therefore, currently, success belongs to organizations that establish a meaningful relationship between the managerial and entrepreneurial capabilities of their human and organizational resources (Kia Kojori & Ja'farian, 2012). In recent years, the strategic and potential impact of the process of recruiting and providing people has been increasingly noticed; because human capital as the main source of sustainable competitive advantage is being replaced by other forms of capital (Teimouri et al, 2018). Recruiting and finding the right people for the job is perhaps the most important topic that has been widely studied in the literature related to large and small organizations. The lack of qualified employees is not only a threat to the plans and development of the organization, but also the most important threat to the survival of an organization (Ahmadi et al, 2018). Therefore, how to select human resources in the organization is of particular importance (Farhi Bozanjani et al, 2012), and recruiting competent human resources that can perform properly towards the strategic goals of the organization is one of the most important duties of managers (Khaefelahi et al, 2014). Therefore, according to the importance and position of the subject, the main question that can be raised in this research is; What is the model of the entrepreneurial government in recruiting and selecting public sector human resources with a qualitative approach (case study: Sistan and Baluchistan Province)? Theoretical Framework Recruitment and selection of human resources The success or failure of the organization depends on how to attract and maintain its human resources. Also, choosing and employing the most qualified people in each job is considered one of the most important management issues and decisions. Recruiting and finding the right people for the job is perhaps the most important topic that has been widely studied in the literature related to large and small organizations. Although most small organizations do not have formal human resources departments, they all have recruitment and human resource policies. The lack of qualified employees is not only a threat to the plans and development of the organization, but it can also be the best threat to the survival of an organization (Ahmadi et al, 2018). Entrepreneurial government An entrepreneurial government organization means a major change in theory and practice, which by creating change and transformation in the government sector, improves the efficiency and effectiveness of government organizations. In other words, an entrepreneurial government is like a person who plans, gives, and implements new ideas in the government (Mili & Nasrullah, 2014). On the other hand, the entrepreneurial government is evaluated by change, innovation and reaching beneficial conditions and delivery of government services that complement the capital of society (Rajbar et al, 2019). A government entrepreneur is a person who undertakes the targeted activities of one or more government departments (Rajbar et al, 2019). Abidi et al, (2024) examined the purpose of the current research to identify and evaluate the components of human resource competence in the era of digital transformation. The results in the qualitative section showed that the competency of digital managers includes 7 components of individual factors, organizational factors, culture of change, digital attitude, communication factors, leadership and management, and technical and specialized factors. The results in the quantitative section showed that there is a significant correlation between all components. Also, among the components, the culture and change management component was given first priority. The results also showed that the research model has the required validity. Sarayani et al, (2024) examined the presentation of the model of recruitment and selection of public sector human resources with the entrepreneurial government approach. According to data analysis, 545 final codes were extracted through open coding and then, categorized using axial coding in the form of 121 concepts and 16 categories (contextual (environmental) factors, structural (organizational) factors, behavioral (content) factors, recruiting human resources, selecting human resources, identifying entrepreneurial opportunities in the public sector, exploiting entrepreneurial opportunities in the public sector, executive and managerial obstacles, political and legal obstacles, economic obstacles, cultural and social obstacles, combined selection with domination domestic resources in experience-based jobs, combined selection with external resources in knowledge-based jobs, individual consequences, organizational consequences, social consequences); and finally, in the selective coding stage, a process and multidimensional model is presented for the first time in the level of government organizations of Sistan and Baluchistan province. Research methodology The present research is applicable in terms of purpose; and exploratory in terms of nature; and it is specifically based on structural equation modeling. The statistical population of the research is all human resource managers and experts in government organizations located in Sistan and Baluchistan province, whose number in 2020 is about 700 people, and the sample size is based on the rule proposed by Bentler and Chu (1987), based on which a total of 390 people were selected by simple random sampling. The collection tool in this research is a researcher-made questionnaire, taken from the qualitative part. Research findings In order to analyze the data, structural equation technique was used using Lisrel statistical software and Spss statistical software. The results showed that for seven hypotheses out of the total of nine formulated hypotheses based on the research model, no evidence of rejection at the 5% error level has been obtained, and it has a positive and significant effect, and also the results of the average common values ​​and the average values ​​of R Squares show that the value of GOF is equal to 0.790, which indicates the strong fit of the model. Conclusion The current research was conducted with the aim of designing an entrepreneurial government model in attracting and recruiting public sector human resources (case study: Sistan and Baluchistan province). The results of this research are aligned with the results of Abidi et al, (2024), Sarayani et al, (2024), Gheiravani et al, (2023), Fazlali & Moazzami (2022), Munaty et al, (2022), Orakwue & Iguisi (2020), Moustaghfir et al, (2020), Hasanzade et al, (2020), Jalili et al, (2020), Noroozian et al, (2020), and Akhavan Kharazian et al, (2019). Hasanzade et al, (2020) showed that all recruitment processes in government organizations should have scientific and legal processes, so that in addition to reducing administrative corruption, employment justice is also established in the government departments of the province. According to the obtained results, the following suggestions are provided: 1- All recruitment processes in government organizations should have scientific and legal processes, so that in addition to reducing administrative corruption, employment justice is also established in the government departments of the province. 2- The content of all employment tests and interviews should include all the job requirements and content, as well as the evaluation of the entrepreneurial characteristics of the applicants, so that the predictive and concurrent validity of the measurement tools have the appropriate desirability so as to have the necessary capabilities to screen the applicants according to the entrepreneurial requirements at the level of government organizations of Sistan and Baluchistan province.

The complex interplay of epigenetic factors is essential in regulating the hallmarks of cancer and orchestrating intricate molecular interactions during tumor progression. Circular RNAs (circRNAs), known for their covalently closed loop structures, are non-coding RNA molecules exceptionally resistant to enzymatic degradation, which enhances their stability and regulatory functions in cancer. Similarly, microRNAs (miRNAs) are endogenous non-coding RNAs with linear structures that regulate cellular biological processes akin to circRNAs. Both miRNAs and circRNAs exhibit aberrant expressions in various cancers. Notably, circRNAs can function as sponges for miRNAs, influencing their activity. The circRNA/miRNA interaction plays a pivotal role in the regulation of cancer progression, including in brain, gastrointestinal, gynecological, and urological cancers, influencing key processes such as proliferation, apoptosis, invasion, autophagy, epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT), and more. Additionally, this interaction impacts the response of tumor cells to radiotherapy and chemotherapy and contributes to immune evasion, a significant challenge in cancer therapy. Both circRNAs and miRNAs hold potential as biomarkers for cancer prognosis and diagnosis. In this review, we delve into the circRNA-miRNA circuit within human cancers, emphasizing their role in regulating cancer hallmarks and treatment responses. This discussion aims to provide insights for future research to better understand their functions and potentially guide targeted treatments for cancer patients using circRNA/miRNA-based strategies.

Abstract This study investigated the mechanisms employed by exogenous dopamine application in alleviating chilling injury in kiwifruits during storage at 1 °C for 120 days. Our results indicated that dopamine treatment at 150 µM alleviated chilling injury in kiwifruits during storage at 1 °C for 120 days. By 150 µM dopamine application, higher SUMO E3 ligase (SIZ1) and target of rapamycin (TOR) genes expression accompanied by lower poly(ADP-Ribose) polymerase 1 (PARP1) and sucrose non-fermenting 1-related kinase 1 (SnRK1) genes expression was associated with higher salicylic acid, ATP, NADPH and proline accumulation in kiwifruits during storage at 1 °C for 120 days. In addition, higher 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) scavenging capacity arising from higher phenols and flavonoids accumulation in kiwifruits treated with 150 µM dopamine could be ascribed to higher phenylalanine ammonia-lyase (PAL) enzyme activity. Additionally, lower endogenous hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) accumulation along with higher ascorbic acid accumulation in kiwifruits treated with 150 µM dopamine could be attributed to lower superoxide dismutase (SOD) along with higher catalase (CAT) enzymes activity. Moreover, lower phospholipase D (PLD) and lipoxygenase (LOX) genes expression in kiwifruits treated with 150 µM dopamine was accompanied with membrane integrity preservation as evidenced by lower electrolyte leakage and malondialdehyde (MDA) accumulation. Therefore, exogenous dopamine could be employed as a potential technique for alleviating chilling injury in kiwifruits during cold storage.

Abstract Single-point mutations are pivotal in molecular zoology, shaping functions and influencing genetic diversity and evolution. Here we study three such genetic variants of a mechano-responsive protein, cadherin-23, that uphold the structural integrity of the protein, but showcase distinct genotypes and phenotypes. The variants exhibit subtle differences in transient intra-domain interactions, which in turn affect the anti-correlated motions among the constituent β-strands. In nature, the variants experience declining functions with aging at different rates. We expose these variants to constant and oscillatory forces using magnetic tweezer, and measure variations in stochastic folding dynamics. All variants exhibit multiple microstates under force. However, the protein variant with higher number of intra-domain interactions exhibits transitions among the heterogeneous microstates for larger extent of forces and persisted longer. Conversely, the protein variant with weaker inter-strand correlations exhibits greater unfolding cooperativity and faster intrinsic folding, although its folding-energy landscape is more susceptible to distortion under tension. Our study thus deciphers the molecular mechanisms underlying the variations in force-adaptations and proposes a mechanical relation between genotype and phenotype.

Abstract Background This study aims to determine the prevalence of impaired awareness of hypoglycemia (IAH) across all chronic kidney disease stages in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus and to identify predictors of impaired awareness of hypoglycemia within these patients. Methods Clinical and laboratory data were extracted from patient medical records. Participants were interviewed using validated modified Clarke’s questionnaire and Gold score to assess impaired awareness of hypoglycemia. Results Cross sectional study included 480 participants diagnosed with chronic kidney disease and type 2 diabetes. The overall prevalence of impaired awareness of hypoglycemia (IAH) was 34.6% (166 patients) according to the Clarke questionnaire and 34.4% by the Gold Score (165 patients). This prevalence varied significantly across different CKD stages, with higher rates in stage 3 (P value = 0.001). The mean impaired awareness of hypoglycemia scores were 3.98 ± 1.34 (Clarke) and 3.92 ± 1.52 (Gold), with advanced CKD stages showing statistically significant elevated scores (p value ≤ 0.05). In the 166 patients with impaired awareness of hypoglycemia, a statistically significant higher incidence of severe hypoglycemia was observed in hemodialysis patients (p value = 0.01). Most of patients with impaired awareness of hypoglycemia aged > 60 years, had more prevalent hypertension and had lower HbA1c levels (P value ≤ 0.05). However, Multivariate logistic regression analysis found that age > 60 years was a significant independent risk factor with an 8% higher risk for IAH (P = 0.01), (OR 1.08, 95% CI 1.01–1.16). Conclusion The present study is unique in investigating impaired awareness of hypoglycemia (IAH) across the full spectrum of chronic kidney disease (CKD) stages, including patients on hemodialysis. Approximately one-third of CKD patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus exhibited a general lack of awareness of hypoglycemia. Patients with stage 3 CKD showed the highest prevalence of IAH. Those already experiencing IAH and receiving hemodialysis faced more severe hypoglycemic episodes. Age over 60 years was an independent risk factor for hypoglycemia unawareness in this patient group. Larger wide scale studies are needed to further validate these results.

Abstract Background Preserving plant genetic resources is essential for tackling global food security challenges. Effectively meeting future agricultural demands requires comprehensive and efficient assessments of genetic diversity in breeding programs and germplasm from gene banks. This research investigated the diversity of pheno-morphological traits, along with the fatty acid and tocopherol content and composition, in 135 double haploid lines of camelina. Results The number of sub-branches, siliques number of main-branch and sub-branch, and seeds number in siliques of the main-branch displayed notable coefficients of variation with values of 33.19%, 30.32%, 29.23%, and 23.81% respectively. Within the current investigation, the measurements of height, sub-branch number, and thousand seed weight varied from 53.50 to 86.50 cm, 3.50 to 14, and 0.73 to 1.52 g, respectively. The analysis unveiled that the average content of omega-3, omega-6, and omega-9 fatty acids in the examined lines was approximately 33%, 20%, and 17%, respectively. The total tocopherol content varied between 675 and 877 ppm, predominantly consisting of gamma-tocopherol, which accounted for over 95% of the total content. The fatty acid C18:2 displayed a markedly strong positive correlation with alpha-tocopherol (0.99**), while C18:3 exhibited positive correlations with gamma-tocopherol (0.98**) and total tocopherol (0.98**). Furthermore, a positive correlation was evident between C20:1 and delta-tocopherol (0.98**). The scrutinized lines, specifically lines 35, 72, 94, and 126 demonstrated notable attributes regarding yield and yield components. Conversely, in the realm of biochemical traits, lines 35, 66, 47, 30, 65, 135, 83, 27, 4, 77, 62, 81, and 93 stood out for their elevated potential. The gene expression analysis related to the tocopherol biosynthesis pathway revealed distinct expression patterns. Specifically, the VTE1 gene exhibited the highest level of expression. In contrast, the VTE3 gene displayed the lowest level of expression compared to other genes. Conclusions The study’s findings hold great potential for improving food security by enabling the selection of superior camelina parent plants based on specific traits. This approach can drive the development of high-yielding varieties with enhanced nutritional value and better-quality camelina oil.

Abstract In this study, marble specimens were used to investigate the effects of freezing and thermal cyclic loading on physical and mechanical properties. For this purpose, four types of loading were considered, including freezing-cooling (F–C), heating–cooling (H-C), freezing-cooling-heating (F–C-H) and heating–cooling-freezing (H-C-F). The changes observed in physical and mechanical properties of the marble were analyzed in temperature extend shifting from − 30 °C to 160 °C. To achieve this goal, two marble blocks with a dimension of 30 × 30 × 30 cm3 were selected. Then, compressive and shear wave velocities, uniaxial compressive strength (UCS), Young’s modulus (E) and Brazilian tensile strength (BTS) were measured and compared in different loading conditions. Results showed that the number of freezing-cooling cycles influenced the mechanical properties of the marble. With an increase in the loading cycles, both compressional and shear wave velocities of the marble decreased. The highest reduction in tensile strength was observed in heating–cooling cycles. That is to say, the thermal loading of rock specimens caused weakening, thereby increasing the micro-crack density in the marble specimens by means of thermally shocks. It was observed that the increase in the number of loading cycles, brings about a huge decline in the marble dynamic modulus. The damage index (D) is introduced to reflect the variation of the mechanical properties and ultrasonic wave velocities of the samples before and after the thermal cyclic loading. In all freezing and thermal cyclic loading conditions, the main and predominant failure mechanism was shear failure.

Abstract Prenatal sonographic diagnosis of congenital heart disease (CHD) can lead to improved morbidity and mortality. However, the diagnostic accuracy of ultrasound, the sole prenatal screening tool, remains limited. Failed prenatal or early newborn detection of cyanotic CHD (CCHD) can have disastrous consequences. We therefore sought to use a Precision Fetal Cardiology based approach combining metabolomic profiling of maternal saliva and machine learning, a major branch of artificial intelligence (AI), for the prenatal detection of isolated, non-syndromic cyanotic CHD. Metabolomic analyses using Ultra-High Performance Liquid Chromatography/Mass Spectrometry identified 468 metabolites in the saliva. Six different AI platforms were utilized for the detection of CCHD and CHD overall. AI achieved excellent accuracy for the CCHD detection: Area Under the ROC curve: AUC (95% CI) = 0.819 (0.635-1.00) with a sensitivity and specificity of 92.5% and 87.0%, and for CHD overall: AUC (95% CI) = 0.828 (0.635-1.00) with a sensitivity of 90.5% and specificity of 88.0%. Similarly high accuracies were achieved for the detection of CHD overall: AUC (95% CI) = 0.8488 (0.635-1.00) with a sensitivity of 92.5% and specificity of 91.0%. Pathway analysis showed significant alterations in Arachidonic Acid, Alpha-linoleic acid, and Tryptophan metabolism indicating significant lipid dysfunction in cyanotic CHD. In summary, we report for the first time, the accurate detection of non-syndromic cyanotic CHD using maternal salivary metabolomics. Further, analysis revealed significant alteration of lipid metabolism.

Abstract Abiotic stresses, notably cold stress, significantly influence various aspects of plant development and reproduction. Various approaches have been proposed to counteract the adverse impacts of cold stress on plant productivity. The unique properties of nanoparticles contribute to an enhanced tolerance of plants to challenging conditions. This study explores the impact of titanium dioxide nanoparticles (TiO2 NPs) on cold-stress tolerance in fenugreek, as well as genes expression involved in the diosgenin biosynthesis pathway. Varied concentrations of TiO2 NPs (0, 2, 5, and 10 ppm) were sprayed on fenugreek plants subjected to cold stress at 10 °C during 6, 24, and 48 h. Our findings revealed that the utilization of 2 and 5 ppm of TiO2 NPs, positively influenced pigments biosynthesis and enzymatic and non-enzymatic antioxidant activities. It also effectively reduced electrolyte leakage and malondialdehyde content, mitigating the adverse effects of cold stress. The study also highlighted TiO2 NPs’ affirmative impact on defense signaling pathways, including abscisic acid, nitric oxide, and auxin, in fenugreek. Moreover, TiO2 NPs significantly influenced the expression of genes related to diosgenin biosynthesis. Simultaneous exposure to cold stress and TiO2 NPs led to a substantial increase in diosgenin content, with the upregulation of SEP, SQS, CAS, and SSR genes compared to control conditions. This research indicated that TiO2 NPs application could effectively stimulate fenugreek biosynthesis of primary and secondary metabolites, consequently enhancing plant tolerance to cold stress. The study’s outcomes hold promise for potential applications in the metabolic engineering of diosgenin in fenugreek.

Abstract Extending shelf life during storage and distribution has always represented a significant challenge in the value chain of strawberries and other perishable fruits. Thus, the combined effect of two Modified atmosphere packaging (MAP) techniques and pectin-based coating with Cinnamomum zeylanicum essential oil (CEO) was investigated on preservation of ‘Palmaritas’ variety. Strawberries were exposed to four treatments during 12 days of storage: Normal atmosphere without coating (control), normal atmosphere and a pectin-based coating with essential oil (NEC), modified atmosphere of 2.5% O2 + 15% CO2 + 82.5% N2, a pectin coating with essential oil (EC15CO2) and a modified atmosphere of 2.5% O2 + 20% CO2 + 77.5% N2, and a pectin coating with essential oil (EC20CO2). The studied parameters were weight loss, decay rate, firmness, color, total soluble solids (TSS), total phenolic content (TPC), total anthocyanin content (TAC), total flavonoid content (TFC), antioxidant capacity (AC), and phenolic and organic compounds. Results showed that a pectin-based coating with 0.17% Cinnamomum zeylanicum essential oil in a CO2-enriched atmosphere guaranteed significant preservation of several quality attributes of strawberries during storage at 6° C, especially firmness, color, TSS, TPC, TAC and TFC. Moreover, our total phenolic compounds measurement revealed an increase in gallic acid, trans-ferulic acid, kaempferol, and malvidin 3-O-glucoside, coupled with notably less degradation of caffeic acid, p-coumaric acid, and quercetin than in the control sample. Applying a CEO coating and storage in MAP effectively preserved organic acids, particularly oxalic acid and malic acid, while slowing down the degradation of vitamin C and citric acid. Thus, bioactive coating coupled with MAP presents a promising alternative for fruit storage, allowing a significant shelf-life extension while maintaining and stabilizing the principal quality attributes of strawberries.

Abstract Acute bacterial meningitis (ABM) is an emerging disease with high morbidity and mortality. It is a globally serious disease and is considered endemic in Egypt, affecting all age groups and being common in low-standard and overcrowded areas. Early and appropriate antimicrobial therapy is crucial for suspected bacterial meningitis, even before the causative pathogen is identified. This is because definitive laboratory confirmation can take several days and may not always be successful. Those who do recover, especially if there was delayed appropriate intervention, can have permanent disabilities, such as brain damage, hearing loss, and learning disabilities. Rapid intervention in such cases is mandatory, which is not easy in countries with limited income due to weak capabilities and resources. Therefore, we are in dire need of making an Egyptian consensus that suits our country as a low-resource one, in order to facilitate and speed up the process of managing such cases. This consensus-based paper is under the supervision of the Egyptian Society of Fever comprising clinicians, microbiologists, epidemiologists, and public health representatives. They convened to assess the current situation and develop a new consensus on the management of ABM, taking into consideration the human and health potential of Egypt. All the experts who participated in writing and directing this conference belong to different Egyptian universities, and their main clinical interest was infectious diseases. Others work in fever hospitals that are affiliated with the Ministry of Health. They collaborated on the statements` writing, reviewing, and voting to reach the final version. Each statement was voted as strongly, moderately, or weekly recommended. Each statement should have a predefined score of 80% agreement to be accepted and reported in this consensus. Conclusion This Egyptian consensus model offers a feasible and context-specific approach to managing ABM, aiming to improve outcomes and reduce disparities in resource-limited settings.

Background: Physical activity (PA) patterns and health-related physical fitness (HRPF) among children with autism spectrum disorder (ASD), particularly with emphasis on gender differences are less examined. The present study aimed to objectively assess the PA and HRPF of children with ASD and to compare these findings with those of typically developing (TD) children, with a particular focus on gender differences.Method: This descriptive-correlational study was done in Tehran, Iran in 2023. We selected 76 students with ASD (35 girls, Mage=13.63±2.14) and 85 TD children (40 girls, Mage=13.47±2.04) as the study sample through the convenience sampling method. PA and HRPF were assessed using an accelerometer and the Brockport Physical Fitness Test, respectively. Independent t-tests and linear regressions were used to analyze data through SPSS version 26.Results: The ASD group engaged significantly in fewer daily moderate-to-vigorous PA (MVPA) than the TD group (39.93±13.60 vs. 46.87±11.70 minutes per day, respectively, P=0.013). Boys in both ASD and TD groups exhibited significantly higher PA and HRPF as compared with girls (P

Background: Social trust in relief organizations is one of the prerequisites for community preparedness for disasters. This study aims to explore the challenges of social trust in disaster management in Iran with a focus on the COVID-19 pandemic, and provide recommendations for building social trust. Materials and Methods: This is a qualitative study using a conventional content analysis method. Participants were 27 lay people and managers of emergency and relief organizations in Tehran who were selected purposefully with maximum diversity. We used in-depth semi-structured interviews to explore their experiences and perceptions. Data analysis was performed using MAXQDA software, version 2018 and Graneheim and Lundman’s content analysis method. Results: In this study, two main themes emerged, “challenges to building social trust” and “recommendations for building social trust.” The challenges had four categories: Managerial issues, misunderstanding of the situation, lack of transparency, and lack of coordination. The recommendations had three categories: Management improvement, efficient risk communication, and experience-based interventions. Conclusion: Social trust during disasters in Iran can be improved by transparency in the performance and tasks of relief organizations, timely and accurate provision of information (risk communication), and emphasis on social participation and solving managerial issues.

Background: Solubility is a common feature of allergens. However, the causative relationship between this protein-intrinsic feature and sensitization capacity of allergens is not fully understood. This study aimed to proof the concept of solubility as a protein intrinsic feature of allergens. Methods: The soluble birch pollen allergen Bet v 1 was covalently coupled to 1 μm silica particles. IgE-binding and -cross-linking capacity was assessed by inhibition ELISA and mediator release assay, respectively. Alterations in adjuvanticity by particle-loading were investigated by activation of dendritic cells, mast cells and the Toll-like receptor 4 pathway as well as by Th2 polarization in an IL-4 reporter mouse model. In BALB/c mice, particle-loaded and soluble Bet v 1 were compared in a model of allergic sensitization. Antigen uptake and presentation was analysed by restimulating human Bet v 1-specific T cell lines. Results: Covalent coupling of Bet v 1 to silica particles resulted in an insoluble antigen with retained IgE-binding and -cross-linking capacity and no increase in adjuvanticity. In vivo, particle-loaded Bet v 1 induced significantly lower Bet v 1-specific (s)IgE, whereas sIgG1 and sIgG2a levels remained unaffected. The ratio of Th2 to Th1 cells was significantly lower in mice sensitized with particle-loaded Bet v 1. Particle-loading of Bet v 1 resulted in a 24-fold higher T cell activation capacity in Bet v 1-specific T cell lines, indicating more efficient uptake and presentation than of soluble Bet v 1. Conclusions: Our results show that solubility is a decisive factor contributing to the sensitization capacity of allergens. The reduction in sensitization capacity of insoluble, particle-loaded antigens results from enhanced antigen uptake and presentation compared to soluble allergens.

Feature selection (FS) is a well-known dimensionality reduction method that chooses a hopeful subset of the original feature collection to diminish the influence the curse of dimensionality phenomenon. FS improves learning performance by removing irrelevant and redundant features. The significance of semi-supervised learning becomes obvious when labeled instances are not always accessible; however, labeling such data may be costly or time-consuming. Many of the samples in semi-supervised learning are unlabeled. Semi-supervised FS techniques overcome this problem, simultaneously utilizing information from labeled and unlabeled data. This article presents a new semi-supervised FS method called ESACO. ESACO uses a combination of ACO algorithm and a set of heuristics to select the best features. Ant colony optimization algorithm (ACO) is a metaheuristic method for solving optimization problems. Heuristic selection is a significant part of the ACO algorithm that can influence the movements of ants. Utilizing numerous heuristics rather than a single one can improve the performance of the ACO algorithm. However, using multiple heuristics investigates other aspects to attain optimal and better solutions in ACO and provides us with more information. Thus, in the ESACO, we have utilized the ensemble of heuristic functions by integrating them into Multi-Criteria Decision-Making (MCDM) procedure. So far, the utilization of multiple heuristics in ACO has not been studied in semi-supervised FS. We have compared the performance of the ESACO using the KNN classifier with variant experiments with eight semi-supervised FS techniques and 15 datasets. Considering the obtained results, the efficiency of the presented method is significantly better than the competing methods. The article's code link on GitHub can also be found at the following: https://github.com/frshkara/ESACO.

Abstract Background Anticoagulants increase the risk of cardiac tamponade in patients with pericardial effusion (PE). Therefore, inappropriate administration of them in the presence of PE can lead to a catastrophic outcome. This study presents a patient with a provisional misdiagnosis of venous thromboembolism (VTE). Case Presentation An 83-year-old Iranian female was transferred to the emergency department of a tertiary cardiology hospital complaining of neck swelling concomitant with chest pain and dyspnea. The patient had been diagnosed with jugular vein thrombosis in another local center, and since the chief complaint was neck swelling, she underwent Doppler sonography, and the diagnosis was confirmed. Subsequently, the treatment with unfractionated heparin was started. After 5 h, considering the worsening of symptoms with the suspicious diagnosis of COVID-19 based on her symptoms and laboratory data, a chest computed tomography scan was requested, which showed a massive PE. Subsequently, transthoracic echocardiography confirmed the diagnosis. The patient was immediately transferred to the operating room and underwent pericardiotomy. The post-surgery period was uneventful, and she was discharged 5 days later. Conclusion Patients with viral infections, specifically COVID-19, are at risk of undiagnosed severe pericardial effusions. Venous stasis in the jugular veins due to PE can mimic jugular vein thromboembolism, causing a wrong diagnosis. Since treating thrombosis can exacerbate tamponade to hemodynamic instability and collapse, sufficient investigation before starting anticoagulants is necessary. Clinical key message Distinguishing VTE from PE is not always straightforward. Therefore, it is important to ensure physicians have reached an appropriate level of certainty about their diagnosis by performing precise diagnostics before using anticoagulants. Mismanagement with anti-thrombotics can result in catastrophic consequences. Therefore, taking an accurate history, performing a precise physical examination, and using rapid and available diagnostic modalities can avoid delays in definitive management.

Abstract Smart water injection (SWI) is a practical enhanced oil recovery (EOR) technique that improves displacement efficiency on micro and macro scales by different physiochemical mechanisms. However, the development of a reliable smart tool to predict oil recovery factors is necessary to reduce the challenges related to experimental procedures. These challenges include the cost and complexity of experimental equipment and time-consuming experimental methods for obtaining the recovery factor (RF). In this paper, three predictive algorithms including adaptive neuro-fuzzy inference system (ANFIS), artificial neural network (ANN), and multigene genetic programming (MGGP) are developed to predict the RF of smart water flooding in carbonate reservoirs. Accordingly, 205 data points from coreflooding tests and 122 from Amott-cell tests were collected from previous studies. Porosity, permeability, oil viscosity, and oil density at reservoir temperature, injection rate, total dissolved solids (TDS), temperature, injection time, and initial water saturation (Swi) were selected as the input parameters. Results show the great performance of ANN, compared to other employed algorithms. Coefficients of determination (R2) of ANN obtained from Amott-cell data for training, testing, validation, and overall data are 0.9748, 0.9021, 0.9765, and 0.9646, respectively. The corresponding values from coreflooding data are 0.9502, 0.9582, 0.9837, and 0.9523, respectively. Moreover, parametric sensitivity analysis was performed for the input parameters. Based on this analysis, time and injection rate have the most positive impact on the Amott-cell and coreflooding, respectively. Sensitivity analysis from Amott-cell data introduces TDS and oil viscosity have the most negative effects on RF performance. Furthermore, the most negative effects belong to porosity and permeability for coreflooding experiments.

Abstract Introduction Mental disorders, such as anxiety and depression, significantly impacted global populations in 2019 and 2020, with COVID-19 causing a surge in prevalence. They affect 13.4% of the people worldwide, and 21% of Iranians have experienced them. Prescription analysis is critical for evaluating and improving medical care in a cost-effective manner. This study examined prescription patterns for psychotropic drugs in outpatient settings to improve the understanding of medication utilization in a variety of patients. It aimed to assist healthcare professionals in making well-informed decisions about drug prescriptions, a topic not much addressed in Iran. Method A descriptive study was conducted using data extracted from the Social Security Organization in Iran. We analyzed prescriptions in Tabriz from March 2021 to March 2022. Prescription data were categorized by medication category, physician specialty, age group, and sex. Then statistical analysis was performed using SPSS 2022. Results We analyzed the number of psychotropic medication prescriptions issued by 7246 doctors to a group of 413,466 individuals over a year representing 44.9% of our target population. The average age of individuals receiving psychotropic drugs was 45.57 years. Gabapentin had the highest prescription rate, followed by sertraline. Antidepressants accounted for 38.1% of all prescriptions, with anxiolytics accounting for 18.6%. Other psychotropic drugs included alprazolam, chlordiazepoxide, and valproate. Adults in all age groups had the highest frequency of prescriptions for psychotropic medications. The majority of patients were female (63.5%). General practitioners had the highest number of instances of prescribing psychotropic drugs, with psychiatrists contributing 54.7% of the total prescriptions. Conclusion Approximately 45% of the target population received psychotropic medication, which highlights the significant prevalence of mental health issues in Iran. Antidepressants were the most commonly administered class, highlighting the need for training programs that specifically address their possible negative effects and the correct dosage. The goal is to provide healthcare practitioners with a comprehensive understanding of prescription trends, enabling them to administer the most appropriate treatments.

Abstract Background Diabetes mellitus, particularly Type 2 diabetes (T2D), represents a significant global health challenge, with its prevalence steadily rising over the past few decades. This study was conducted with the aim of estimating the economic burden of T2D in Iran. Methods This study employed a prevalence-based approach to estimate the economic burden of T2D and its attributable complications in adults above 20 years old in Iran for 2022. Both direct medical costs and indirect costs were considered in our analysis. Direct medical costs included inpatient and outpatient costs attributable to T2D and its complications, while indirect costs encompassed absenteeism, presenteeism, inability to work, and premature mortality costs due to the disease. Results The findings showed that a total of 5,702,547 people, equivalent to 14.2% of Iranian adults, had T2D. The estimated total direct medical cost of T2D and its attributable complications in Iran in 2022 was 1,879.2 million US dollars (US$-PPP 6,676.9 million). Chronic kidney disease accounted for the largest proportion, followed by ischemic heart disease (IHD), and T2D itself. The total economic burden of T2D and its attributable complications in Iran in 2022, was estimated to be $2,905.7 million US dollars (US$-PPP 10,324.2 million). The direct medical cost constituted the majority of the economic burden (64.7%), while the inability to work due to these health conditions also contributes significantly (28.6%). Absenteeism (2.9%), presenteeism (1.7%), and premature mortality (2.2%) make up smaller proportions of the overall economic impact of T2D and its complications in Iran during that year. Conclusion Our study highlights the significant and diverse economic impact of T2D and its complications in Iran. This burden encompasses not only healthcare-related expenses but also negative impacts on society and productivity, as well as the occurrence of early death. To successfully address this burden, a comprehensive strategy is needed, which includes programs to prevent diabetes, better access to healthcare services, and increased social support for individuals with this long-term condition.

Abstract Background Drug resistance and immune escape continue to contribute to poor prognosis in AML. Increasing evidence suggests that exosomes play a crucial role in AML immune microenvironment. Methods Sanger sequencing, RNase R and fluorescence in situ hybridization were performed to confirm the existence of circ_0006896. The role of circ_0006896 in the progression of AML was assessed by in vitro and in vivo functional experiments. Flow cytometry, RT-qPCR and adoptive T cell-transfer immunotherapy were conducted to assess the function of exosomal circ_0006896 in CD8+ T cell dysfunction. RNA pull-down assay, mass spectrometry, immunofluorescence, co-immunoprecipitation and western blot were performed to identify and confirm the circ_0006896 interacting proteins. Results CircRNA expression patterns in exosomes differ significantly between AML and controls compared to lncRNAs or mRNAs. A new crucial exosomal circRNA, circ_0006896, is upregulated in both AML cells and exosomes and correlates with the prognosis and relapse of AML. In vitro and in vivo studies suggest that circ_0006896 significantly promotes AML cell proliferation, reduces chemotherapy sensitivity, and more importantly, impairs the efficacy of adoptive T cell-transfer immunotherapy. Mechanistically, circ_0006896 physically interacts with the catalytic domain of histone deacetylase HDAC1, decreasing histone H3 acetylation, and impairing the transcription of genes involved in arachidonic acid metabolism, ultimately inhibiting lipid peroxidation and ferroptosis in AML cells. Exosomal circ_0006896 disrupts CD8+ T cell function by interacting with HDAC1, impairing LEF1 transcription and subsequently decreasing the expression of cytotoxic molecules IFN-γ and Granzyme B. Conclusions We demonstrate a self-driven progression mediated by exosomal circRNAs and CD8+ T cells, highlighting the potential of targeting circRNAs in AML immunotherapy.

Abstract Savory (Satureja rechingeri L.) is one of Iran’s most important medicinal plants, having low irrigation needs, and thus is considered one of the most valuable plants for cultivation in arid and semi-arid regions, especially under drought conditions. The current research was carried out to develop a genetic algorithm-based artificial neural network (ΑΝΝ) model able of simulating the levels of antioxidants in savory when using soil amendments [biochar (BC) and superabsorbent (SA)] under drought. Data under different watering schemes and different levels of soil amendments showed that both BC and SA have mitigating effects over drought stress by optimizing enzymatic and non-enzymatic antioxidant traits (POD, CTA, and APX enzymes). Specifically, using biochar and superabsorbent led to improved homeostasis under water deficit as reflected by lower MDA levels. An ANN model with a 3-10-6 topology was found to be the best model to predict polyphenols (PHE), proline (PRO), peroxidase (POX), catalase (CAT), ascorbate peroxidase (APX) levels, and indicator of oxidative stress malondialdehyde (MDA). The model’s efficiency was established using the R-value as the statistical parameter, and simulated GA-ANN data were highly correlated with experimental findings. Across enzymatic antioxidants, APX had the best model fit, having an R-value of 0.9733. On the other hand, POX had a lower predictive correlation (R = 0.8737), indicating a lower capacity of the ANN system in forecasting this parameter. On the other hand, MDA (R = 0.9690) had an elevated assimilation performance over PHE (R = 0.9604) and PRO (R = 0.9245) levels. The current study shows the potential of the ANN model in predicting the content of enzymatic and non-enzymatic antioxidants in savory plants under drought stress as a non-invasive, low-cost experimental alternative.

Abstract Functional constipation is a common disorder of the gastrointestinal tract in children without specific treatment. Ziziphus jujuba has been used in traditional medicine for various diseases such as constipation. A safe and inexpensive treatment with few side effects can be used as an effective alternative to current medications. In this study, we sought to compare Ziziphus jujuba syrup (ZS) with polyethylene glycol (PEG) for the treatment of pediatric functional constipation. A double-blind, randomized clinical trial was performed on children aged 2–10 years with functional constipation who were referred to the gastroenterology clinic of the 17-Shahrivar Hospital in Rasht, Iran. Eligible patients were randomized into two groups: PEG group; 1–5 cc/kg/day (40% w/v solution without electrolytes; average dose: 0.2–1 g/kg), and ZS group; 1–5 cc/kg/day (average dose: 5–25 mg/kg). All patients were followed up for three months, every 2 weeks in the first month, and then monthly for 2 months. At the beginning and end of the study, liver and kidney function tests and blood sugar levels were checked. Data were analyzed using SPSS software version 19 at a significance level of 0.05. Out of 90 eligible children, 32 patients in the PEG group and 30 patients in the ZS group completed the follow-up visits. The mean age of the subjects was 4.31 ± 1.97 years. There was no significant difference between the two groups in terms of age (P = 0.181), gender (P = 0.218), age at onset of constipation (P = 0.083), and weight (P = 0.199). The average therapeutic response score in the ZS group improved prominently compared to the PEG group (P

Abstract This study utilizes two complementary models, the Time-Varying Parameter Vector Autoregressive Diebold–Yilmaz (TVP-VAR-DY) and the Time-Varying Parameter Vector Autoregressive Baruník–Křehlík (TVP-VAR-BK), to investigate the dynamic volatility transmission between exchange rates and stock returns in major commodity-exporting and -importing countries. The analysis focuses on periods of quantitative easing (QE) and quantitative tightening (QT) from March 15, 2020 to December 30, 2022. The countries examined are Canada and Australia (major commodity exporters) and the UK and Germany (major commodity importers). An essential contribution of this paper is new empirical insights into the dynamics of stock market returns and the transmission of volatility between these markets and exchange rates during the QE and QT periods. The results reveal that causality primarily flows from stock markets to exchange rates, especially during the QT period across all investment horizons. The Toronto Stock Exchange (TSX) emerges as the principal net driver among the markets under study. Furthermore, the Canadian exchange rate (USDCAD) and the Australian Stock Exchange (ASX) are the most significantly affected indices within the network across various investment horizons (excluding the long-term). These findings underscore the importance for investors and policymakers to consider the interplay between exchange rates and stock market returns, particularly in the context of the QE and QT periods, as well as other economic, political, and health-related events. Our findings are relevant to various stakeholders, including governments, traders, portfolio managers, and multinationals.

Purpose This article assesses the feasibility, safety, and efficacy of peripherally inserted central catheters (PICCs) in conjoined twins.

Background and Purpose: Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) has become a health concern in children and adolescents. Early detection and intervention are crucial to prevent its long-term complications. This study aimed to identify demographic, clinical, and laboratory characteristics of children with NAFLD referred to a hospital in Iran. Materials and Methods: This descriptive cross-sectional study was conducted on 66 children with NAFLD aged ≤18 years referred to Children’s Medical Center in Tehran, Iran during 2021-2022. The NAFLD diagnosis was via ultrasound or liver biopsy. Demographic and laboratory data were collected from an electronic health record system, and lifestyle information (physical activity (PA) and nutrition) was gathered using a standardized screening questionnaire. Statistical tests such as chi-square, Fisher’s exact, independent sample t-test, and ANOVA were performed in SPSS software, version 27. The significance level was set at 0.05. Results: The majority of children were male (74%), with a mean age of 118.04±42.01 months and a mean BMI of 26.37 kg/m2 (75.93% overweight). A significant proportion of participants had a family history of fatty liver disease (57.4%). Children’s PA level was low; 50% engaged in less than 420 minutes of PA per week. Eating habits were also concerning; 68.5% eat fast food and sweets almost daily. Laboratory findings revealed elevated levels of alanine transaminase (ALT), triglycerides (TG), and total cholesterol (TC) (60.72±59.06 U/L, 65.35±142.54 mg/dL, 35±166.71 mg/dL, respectively). Conclusion: This study highlights the importance of considering family history and metabolic markers in NAFLD diagnosis and management. Most of the children with NAFLD referred to the study hospital were male with a family history of NAFLD and elevated liver enzymes and lipid levels.

Lanjut usia atau lansia merupakan tahap akhir dari proses kehidupan yang disertai dengan berkurangnya kapasitas tubuh untuk bereaksi terhadap tekanan lingkungan. Rheumatoid arthritis atau lebih dikenal dengan rematik merupakan salah satu masalah yang diakibatkan oleh penuaan. Terapi masase kaki dapat menjadi salah satu pilihan untuk mengatasi nyeri rheumatoid arthritis karena di daerah kaki banyak terdapat saraf-saraf yang terhubung ke organ dalam. Tujuan terapi masase kaki untuk mengurangi tingkat nyeri pada lansia dengan rheumatoid arthritis. Metode yang digunakan adalah deskriptif dengan pendekatan proses asuhan keperawatan. Proses asuhan keperawatan dilakukan dalam pengelolaan klien nyeri sendi, meliputi pengkajian, diagnosa keperawatan, intervensi keperawatan, implementasi dan evaluasi. Pengambilan sampel dilakukan dengan menggunakan tekhnik purposive sampling di wilayah Desa Donorejo, Kabupaten Demak. Subyek studi kasus ini sejumlah 6 orang. Subyek studi kasus dikelola selama 3 hari dengan frekuensi pemberian terapi sebanyak 1 kali sehari selama 20 menit. Penerapan ini menggunakan instrument skala nyeri yaitu Numeric Rating Scale (NRS) dan pengukuran dilakukan pre-post terapi. Hasil studi menunjukkan bahwa ada perubahan skala nyeri sebelum dan sesudah dilakukan terapi masase kaki pada 3 subyek studi kasus kelompok intervensi. Simpulan terapi masase kaki dapat menurunkan skala nyeri sendi pada penderita rheumatoid arthritis.

Melena dan hematochezia merupakan gejala klinis yang disebabkan oleh pendarahan saluran pencernaan. Pendarahan ini dapat menimbulkan komplikasi lain seperti malnutrisi dan anemia. Tujuan studi kasus ini untuk menerapkan asuhan keperawatan lansia pada pasien perdarahan saluran cerna hematochezia melena dengan masalah keperawatan defisit nutrisi, dengan keluhan utama nafsu makan berkurang dan BAB berdarah hitam. Intervensi yang diberikan yaitu manajemen nutrisi meliputi identifikasi status nutrisi, oral hygiene, dan edukasi diet. Studi kasus ini menggunakan metode deskriptif dengan pendekatan asuhan keperawatan yang melibatkan tiga subjek klien lansia dengan kriteria inklusi pasien dirawat inap yang menderita Melena Hematochezia dengan indeks masa tubuh < 10% dari indeks masa tubuh ideal, skor Mini Nutrional Assesment (MNA) < 17, Hb

In recent years, Bitcoin has garnered increasing public and media attention, as well as investment in this field. This cryptocurrency currently has the highest market value among existing virtual currencies that can operate in a decentralized manner based on defined incentives. These incentives include a fixed mining reward for each block and a variable reward resulting from transaction fees in the blockchain network. The transaction fee in the Bitcoin network is unstable and is determined in real-time. Due to the reduction of the fixed mining reward, the transaction fees have become the primary source of income for miners. This study examined the long-term and short-term effects of technical and financial factors on user behavior in determining Bitcoin transaction fees. The autoregressive distributed lag (ARDL) model was used for this analysis. The dataset spanned from April 10, 2018, to July 24, 2023. The technical factors examined included the average daily block size in bytes, network difficulty, and daily transaction volume. The financial factors included the average daily value of transactions sent to Bitcoin and the average daily Bitcoin price in dollars. The results showed that the technical factor of network difficulty had the greatest long-term impact on transaction processing fees. Additionally, the average daily block size in bytes had a significant long-term impact on transaction fees. However, the Bitcoin price did not have a significant long-term impact on transaction fees. These findings can help users make more informed decisions when setting transaction fees. Additionally, the results can assist miners in adopting better strategies to maximize their earnings.

Background: Suicide is a serious global public health issue. It is the fourth-leading cause of death among young people between the ages of 15 and 29. Therefore, the present study was conducted to determine the important risk factors associated with violent and non-violent methods of committing suicide.Methods: This research was a cross-sectional study that included all people who attempted suicide between 2019 and 2023 and were part of the population covered by Mashhad University of Medical Sciences (Mashhad, Iran). Predictive variables for suicide attempts included age, sex, education, marital status, occupation, place of residence, drug abuse, smoking, psychiatric diagnoses, and the intended outcome of violent and non-violent methods. Logistic regression analysis was used to model the relationship between selected risk factors and the response variable. The data were analyzed using STATA software version 14. P

Background and Aim: Aluminum (AL) is commonly found in food, drinking, air, and soil and it can be a serious contaminant in varying amounts. Therefore, this study investigated the biochemical and histological hazardous reactions to aluminum chloride (AlCl3) and the efficiency of the methanol extract of Delonix regia aerial parts with gum Arabic (GA) as anti-toxic therapies to return to a natural state after AlCl3 exposure. Materials and Methods: A total of 20 male Wistar rats were randomly divided into four equal groups. (i) CG: Served as a control group. (ii) AlCl3: Rats were exposed to 80 mg/kg/body weight (BW) AlCl3. (iii) AlCl3 + D. regia/GA: rats were administered AlCl3 + 100 mg/kg B.W. with 15% BW of D. regia and GA, respectively. (iv) D. regia/GA: Rats were administered 100 mg/kg B.W. with 15% BW D. regia and GA, respectively. The experimental treatment was administered for 30 days. On the 30th day, blood biochemical parameters were assessed, and specimens from the liver and kidney were collected and stored in a neutral buffer with 10% formalin until immediate histopathological examination after euthanasia. Results: This study revealed a significant increase in white blood cells and platelets after AlCl3 exposure compared with CG, while there was a decrease in red blood cells, hemoglobin, hematocrit, and mean corpuscular volume. Treatment with D. regia/GA improved lymphocytes, monocytes, eosinophils, and basophils. Furthermore, the animals exposed to AlCl3 showed a significant increase in aspartate aminotransferase, alanine aminotransferase, and alkaline phosphatase compared with CG, whereas AlCl3 + D. regia/GA treatment improved these activities. In addition, the rats exposed to AlCl3 had significantly increased glucose, lipase, amylase, triglyceride, cholesterol, high-density lipoprotein, and low-density lipoprotein levels, and D. regia/GA treatment significantly improved these levels compared with AlCl3. This study reported no significant differences in Ca and Na concentrations among groups, but rats exposed to AlCl3 had elevated K, Cl, and Mg levels, whereas D. regia/GA treatment improved these levels. Conclusion: The co-administration of the methanolic extract of D. regia with GA can protect against AlCl3 toxicity.

In recent decades, automatic license plate recognition (ALPR) has emerged as a critical application of artificial intelligence in intelligent transportation systems (ITS), addressing a multitude of existing issues. Several algorithms have been developed to improve ALPR accuracy under a variety of conditions, each with its own set of strengths and limitations. The KSA intends to digitize traditional services as part of its Vision 2030 initiative. In this methodology, the ALPR system for accurately recognizing KSA's license plates (LP) leverages deep neural networks (DNNs) as a powerful technique, capable of performing effectively in unconstrained environments with images taken under various conditions, even when the training data is limited. The approach employs YOLOv8 to detect LPs and alphanumeric characters in real-time, followed by using a convolutional neural network (CNN) for character recognition. According to our finding, the YOLOv8 model outperforms other models in the identification of LPs, achieving remarkable accuracy and F1 scores (mAP@0.5 = 0.96 and mAP@0.95 = 0.97). As a result, YOLOv8 was chosen for SLP character recognition. This strategy is appropriate for ITS since it tackles a number of issues, like decreasing car theft and improving public safety. Furthermore, a locally interpretable agnostic model (LIME) offers justifications that help users better understand the model. The system's provision of clear explanations for its decisions not only satisfies performance standards but also corresponds with the increasing need for explainable AI, guaranteeing an efficient and responsible implementation.

Abstract Aim This study aimed to comprehensively examine the factors influencing healthcare providers’ decision-making for initiation of resuscitation (IOR). Background In-hospital resuscitation survival hinges on timely and effective interventions. Despite guidelines, decision-making during resuscitation remains challenging, impacted by both clinical and non-clinical factors. Methods A mixed-methods systematic review (MMSR) was conducted, searching PubMed, Web of Science, Scopus, and Embase in May 2024. Twenty peer-reviewed studies of adult in-hospital resuscitation decision-making (≥ 18 years) were included. Data were extracted and synthesized using the Joanna Briggs Institute (JBI) convergent integrated approach. Results A database search yielded 4398 studies, of which 1216 were duplicates. After screening 3182 unique studies, 20 articles (five qualitative, 12 quantitative, three mixed methods) were included. Data synthesis identified three overarching themes: patient, provider, and system factors. These themes encompassed barriers and facilitators to IOR. Conclusion This review underscores the importance of understanding patient-related, provider-related, and system-related factors influencing IOR. By addressing these factors, healthcare organizations can improve resuscitation practices and outcomes. Future research should focus on enhancing collaboration, communication, and resource availability while considering non-medical factors in decision-making for IOR. Relevance to clinical practice Understanding the multifaceted barriers and facilitators identified in this study can enhance the effectiveness of resuscitation protocols and ultimately improve patient outcomes during critical care situations.

Abstract Background One of the most challenging aspects of treating patients facing primary ovarian insufficiency, especially those eligible for controlled ovarian hyperstimulation (COH), is the assessment of ovarian function and response to stimulatory protocols in terms of the number of oocytes retrieved. The lack of consistency between studies regarding the best parameter for response evaluation necessitates a comprehensive statistical analysis of the most commonly utilized ovarian reserve markers (ORM). This systematic review and meta-analysis aims to establish the optimal metric for assessing ovarian reserve among COH candidates. Methods The PubMed/MEDLINE, Scopus, and ISI Web of Science databases were searched until July 2024, with no date or language limitations. The Newcastle–Ottawa scale was used to evaluate the validity of anti-Mullerian hormone (AMH), antral follicle count (AFC), follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH), and estradiol (E2) in patients receiving controlled ovarian hyperstimulation. Studies on the diagnostic accuracy of ovarian reserve markers in predicting ovarian response to controlled ovarian hyperstimulation in assisted reproduction technology (ART) candidates were reviewed. The diagnostic odds ratio (DOR) was determined using the Der Simonian-Laird random effects model meta-analysis to assess the likelihood of detecting low or high ovarian responses in COH candidates. Cochran’s Q, and I-squared, were used to analyze between-study heterogeneity. Results This systematic review and meta-analysis included 26 studies including 17 cohorts, 4 case controls, and 5 cross-sectional studies. AFC and AMH demonstrated significant diagnostic performance compared to FSH and E2 in poor and high response category. AMH slightly outperformed AMH and had the highest logarithm of DOR for detecting poor [2.68 (95% CI 1.90, 3.45)] and high ovarian response [2.76 (95% CI 1.57, 3.95)]. However, it showed a high between-study heterogeneity (I 2 = 95.65, Q = 189.65, p

Abstract Objective The foodborne pathogen Salmonella enterica serovar Typhimurium causes self-limiting gastroenteritis in humans and is difficult to eliminate due to its ability to adhere to surfaces and form biofilms that exhibit high resistance to antimicrobial agents. To explore alternative strategies for biofilm treatment, it is essential to investigate novel agents that inhibit Salmonella biofilms. Method In this study, we investigated the minimum biofilm inhibitory concentrations (MBICs) and minimum biofilm eradication concentrations (MBECs) of nafcillin and diosmin, both previously identified as Lon protease inhibitors, against biofilms formed by S. Typhimurium. Furthermore, we examined the expression of genes associated with the type II toxin-antitoxin system to enhance our understanding of the impact of these inhibitors. Results The findings indicated a strong antibiofilm effect of nafcillin, with MBIC and MBEC values of 8 µg/mL and 32 µg/mL, respectively. These results were confirmed by field emission scanning electron microscopy (FE-SEM), which showed that biofilm formation was reduced in the presence of nafcillin. Additionally, it revealed morphological changes in the bacteria within the nafcillin-treated biofilms. Furthermore, gene expression analyses demonstrated a significant reduction in the expression of type II TA system genes following treatment with nafcillin and diosmin. Conclusion This study highlights the effectiveness of nafcillin in disrupting the biofilms of S. Typhimurium. These results suggest promising avenues for the development of novel therapeutic strategies targeting biofilms associated with S. Typhimurium.

Abstract Objective Our aim was to examine the correlation between CVDs and various anthropometric and biochemical indices in the Iranian population. Methods 9704 healthy individuals without CVD aged 35–65 were enrolled in our study. The anthropometric indices including Body Adiposity Index (BAI), Abdominal Volume Index (AVI), Body Roundness Index (BRI), Waist to Hip Ratio (WHR), Weight-adjusted Waist Index (WWI), Conicity Index (C-Index), A Body Shape Index (ABSI), Waist to Height Ratio (WHtR), Body Surface Area (BSA), Body Mass Index (BMI), Lipid Accumulation Product (LAP) and Visceral Adiposity Index (VAI) were calculated. The biochemical indices including Cardiac Risk Ratio (CRR), Atherogenic Index of Plasma (AIP), Triglycerides-Glucose Index (TyG), Cardiac Risk Index (CRI), Atherogenic Coefficient (AC), and high-sensitivity C-Reactive Protein (hs-CRP) were investigated. The association of the above indices with CVD was analyzed using logistic regression (LR) and the decision tree (DT) models. Results The LR showed age, hs-CRP, AIP, AVI, LAP, and TyG had significant associations with CVDs in men (p-value = 48, AIP > = 0.94, TyG > = 9.71, and AVI > = 14.24 had CVDs. Also, 97% of women with age > = 54, TyG > = 8.33, and hs-CRP > = 36.69 had CVDs. Conclusion Age, TyG, AIP, AVI, hs-CRP and LAP were the best predictors of CVD in men. Moreover, age, TyG, hs-CRP and BAI were the best indicators of CVD in women. Graphical Abstract

Abstract Purpose To report a case of subconjunctival dirofilariasis presenting as an inflammatory mass-like lesion in a healthy individual. Case presentation A 20-year-old male with a recent history of wildlife exposure in a rural village presented with an inflammatory subconjunctival mass in his left eye. The lesion was surgically excised, and histopathological examination confirmed the presence of an immature nematode of Dirofilaria immitis. The patient was treated with oral ivermectin for two weeks postoperatively. After two months, the lesion had almost completely resolved, and no recurrence was observed during the 6-month follow-up. Conclusions Given the rarity of ocular dirofilariasis and its diverse presentations in different ocular and adnexal structures, prompt and complete excision followed by meticulous histopathological evaluation is crucial to guide appropriate management and achieve favorable outcomes.

Abstract Background The trend over time and across different geographical areas of outcomes and management with noninvasive ventilation or invasive mechanical ventilation in patients admitted for acute exacerbations of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease and treated with ventilatory support is unknown. The purpose of this study was to describe outcomes and identify variables associated with survival for patients admitted to an intensive care unit (ICU) with acute exacerbation of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease [aeCOPD] who received noninvasive or invasive mechanical ventilation worldwide. Methods Retrospective, multi-national, and multicenter studies, including four observational cohort studies, were carried out in 1998, 2004, 2010, and 2016 for the VENTILAGROUP following the same methodology. Results A total of 1,848 patients from 1,253 ICUs in 38 countries admitted for aeCOPD and need of ventilatory support were identified in the four study cohorts and included in the study. The overall incidence of aeCOPD as a cause for ventilatory support at ICU admission significantly decreased over time and varied widely according to the gross national income. The mortality of patients admitted to ICU for aeCOPD and ventilatory support significantly decreased over time regardless of the geographical area and gross national income; however, there is a remarkable variability in ICU mortality according to geographical area and gross national income. The use of NPPV as the first attempt at ventilatory support has significantly increased over time, with a parallel reduction of invasive mechanical ventilation regardless of gross national income. Conclusion In this worldwide observational study, including four sequential cohorts of patients over 18 years from 1998 to 2016, the mortality of patients admitted to ICU for aeCOPD and ventilatory support significantly decreased regardless of the geographical area and gross national income. Future research will need to investigate the reason for the remarkable variability in ICU mortality according to the geographical area, gross national income, and methods to select patients for the appropriate ventilatory support.

Abstract Objective This study investigates the effectiveness of a newly developed smartphone-based application for teaching population oral health needs assessment to undergraduate dental students. Methods Target population in this study consisted of all students of Shahid Beheshti School of dentistry in the 7th and 8th semesters in the year 2023. The intervention group (7th semester) received teaching about population oral health needs assessment based on the book “Oral health surveys; basic methods”, by means of an application, while the control group (8th semester) received the same content through self-learning activity. A questionnaire inquiring about the students’ general aspects of smartphone usage, attitude towards learning based on mobile devices (m-learning), and level of knowledge about the content of the book was used for data collection. Results Most dental students used smartphones extensively and expressed positive attitudes toward mobile learning with no significant statistical difference between intervention and control groups. However, both groups demonstrated limited knowledge gain from the book content, with the mobile application showing no superiority to self-learning education. Conclusion The present study did not demonstrate superior effectiveness of a smartphone app compared to traditional teacher-centered instruction, but the students’ significant mobile usage and positive attitude towards m-learning suggest potential for further investigation in dental education.

Innovative and sustainable solutions are increasingly necessary as concerns about fossil fuels’ environmental and economic impacts grow. Accordingly, this study aims to enhance vehicle internal combustion engine efficiency by producing oxy-hydrogen (HHO) from drain water from the vehicle air conditioning system and utilizing it as a secondary fuel. A 1600 cc Daewoo engine equipped with electronic fuel injection was employed as the test subject. Initially, the engine’s performance was evaluated using various gasoline variants, 80, 92, and 95. The 92-octane gasoline demonstrated the highest efficiency, achieving a peak power of 113 kW and torque of 190 Nm. The engine had an 11:1 compression ratio. Then, different flow rates of oxy-hydrogen, 50, 248, 397, and 480 mL/min, generated from the air conditioner drain were combined with 92 fuel. A significant improvement was observed with the increase in the flow rate of oxy-hydrogen gas to the 92 fuel. The results indicated that incorporating 480 mL/min oxy-hydrogen gas into the fuel led to an 8.7% reduction in fuel consumption, 5.5% enhancement in thermal efficiency, and 7.9% in volumetric efficiency. Greenhouse gas emissions reductions of carbon monoxide, carbon dioxide, and hydrocarbons were recorded as 18%, 9.2%, and 9%, respectively. At the same time, nitrogen oxides increased by 12.5%. Therefore, utilizing a vehicle air conditioner drain water to generate oxy-hydrogen gas fuel in conjunction with 92-octane gasoline is an efficient solution to reduce fuel consumption, enhance energy efficiency, and mitigate the adverse effects of pollution. This approach also contributes to progress towards a more sustainable future.

Abstract Stress, widely recognised for its profound adverse effects on both physical and mental health, necessitates the development of innovative real‐time detection methods. In this context, the escalating prevalence of wearable embedded systems, integrated with artificial intelligence (AI) for the continuous monitoring of critical physiological indicators like heart rate and blood pressure, accentuates their growing relevance in the efficient detection of stress. This article presents an innovative methodology employing deep learning algorithms on the Raspberry Pi 3, a platform distinguished by its cost‐effectiveness and limited resources. The authors have developed an advanced AI algorithm that achieves high accuracy in real‐time stress detection using photoplethysmography (PPG) sensors while significantly reducing computational demands. The authors’ method utilises an artificial neural network with long short‐term memory (LSTM) layers, proving highly effective in time‐series data analysis. In this study, the authors implement key TensorFlow toolkit optimisation techniques including quantisation aware training (QAT), Pruning and prune‐preserving quantisation aware training. These techniques are applied to refine the authors’ model, decreasing size and latency without sacrificing accuracy. The results highlight the LSTM‐based model's proficiency in accurately detecting stress using raw PPG sensor data on the Raspberry Pi 3, a comparatively affordable platform. The model attains an accuracy of 89.32% and an F1 score of 89.55% on the diverse wearable stress and affect detection stress‐level dataset. Additionally, the authors’ optimised model exhibits substantial reductions in both size and latency while maintaining high accuracy. This approach shows great potential for various applications, such as stress monitoring in healthcare, sports, and workplace settings. The use of the Raspberry Pi 3 makes the system portable, cost‐effective, and energy‐efficient, enhancing its potential impact and accessibility.

Abstract This study advances the efficiency of a recompression power generation cycle using supercritical carbon dioxide, leveraging solar energy as a sustainable alternative to fossil fuels. It is the first to uniquely address the performance of air‐cooled solar recompression cycles by evaluating both the heat and cooling source. Traditional water and cooling towers are replaced with air and fans to conserve water and enhance cooling efficiency. The study employs advanced exergy analysis to identify optimization strategies and reduce exergy destruction. The baseline system “System A” identifies the precooler and main compressor as key areas for improvement. Two novel systems are proposed: “System B,” which integrates an intercooler and a secondary compressor to significantly cut exergy losses, and “System C,” which uses a single‐effect absorption refrigeration cycle to further reduce exergy destruction. The results show an increase in energy efficiency and exergy efficiency from 23.24% in System A to 25.72% in System B and 24.28% in System C. Advanced exergy analysis reveals that, although the central receiver and high‐temperature recuperator are major sources of exergy destruction, the heliostat and low‐temperature recuperator are crucial for system optimization. This study's unique approach combines comprehensive exergy analysis with innovative system proposals based on the results.

Previous studies have shown that foliar fungicides increase the abundance of Diaporthe spp. in mature soybean seeds, thereby reducing seed quality and potentially increasing seedling, stem, and pod disease in subsequent plantings. To mitigate this, we examined a fungicide containing mefentrifluconazole, fluxapyroxad, and pyraclostrobin applied during the R3 growth stage. We compared the seedborne fungal community from soybeans harvested at full maturity and 2 to 3 weeks later to assess fungal colonization. Six trials were conducted in Iowa and South Dakota in 2021 and 2022. Asymptomatic, recently harvested seed was assayed using either an agar-plate or a seed-blotter test, and the results were compared. The agar-plate method involved disinfesting seeds in sodium hypochlorite and ethanol and then transferring them to acidified water agar plates. Fungal isolates were identified using morphology and DNA sequences. This method detected 562 fungal isolates from 25 species and 14 genera. Dry conditions reduced seed infection, but a 2-week delay in harvest increased the likelihood of Alternaria and Cercospora infection in nontreated controls. The seed-blotter test involved disinfesting seeds, placing them on blotter paper, and incubating them. This assay detected higher numbers of fungal infected seed, with Aspergillus as the dominant genus. Storage conditions significantly impacted fungal presence, with more Aspergillus in seeds stored in a shed than in the cooler. Both assay methods showed that the fungicide treatment reduced the number of seeds infected with Alternaria, Cercospora, and Aspergillus. [Figure: see text] Copyright © 2024 The Author(s). This is an open access article distributed under the CC BY-NC-ND 4.0 International license.

Background. Acute pancreatitis (AP) is considered a gastrointestinal disorder that may lead to a systemic inflammatory response and requires urgent hospitalization. Currently, the bedside index of severity in acute pancreatitis (BISAP) scoring system is used to estimate the severity of the disease. This study sought to investigate the significant relationship between the infectious inflammatory components of the neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio (NLR), which can only be obtained by a simple blood test. Then, this ratio was compared with the BISAP scoring system. Methods. This cohort study was conducted at Imam Reza Hospital of Tabriz University of Medical Sciences in 2017‒2018. A total of 98 hospitalized patients with our desired criteria were included in the study. A complete blood count differential was obtained, and the BISAP score was calculated and analyzed, along with demographic data. Results. The NLR and the age of patients had a significant relationship with the BISAP variable (P < 0.05). For one unit (year) increase in patients’ age, the chance of being placed in the higher categories of the BISAP score increased by 1.14 and 1.09 times, respectively. Gender, smoking, and underlying diseases had no significant relationship with the BISAP score (P > 0.05). Conclusion. The initial values of the NLR can be used to determine the prognosis and severity of the disease in patients with acute pancreatitis in a quick, easy, and accessible way. Practical Implications. Simple ratios such as NLR can be utilized to perform immediate measurements for the management of acute pancreatitis.

Abstract Background We aimed to determine the prevalence of physical activity and socio-economic inequality among the adults of Hamadan city. Methods This cross-sectional analytical study was conducted in Hamadan city between 2022 and 2023, involving a total of 591 adults aged 18 to 64 years. The research tool utilized in this study was the International Physical Activity Questionnaire, the results of the concentration index analysis reported at 95% confidence level. To determine socioeconomic inequalities in physical activity, the concentration index was employed. Results The overall prevalence of low and moderate physical activity was 40.58%. No distinct inequality was noted in other physical activities, including transportation, Household and taking care of the family According to the subgroup analysis. The most striking disparity was observed in terms of physical activity arising from leisure time activities, with wealthier sectors of society exhibiting higher levels (Concentration index: 0.07, 95% CI: 0.01, 0.13), the highest inequality of physical activity arising from leisure time activities was observed among the age group of 60–75 years (Concentration index: 0.13, 95% CI: 0.04, 0.21), women (Concentration index: 0.28, 95% CI: 0.04, 0.53), illiterate individuals (Concentration index: 0.68, 95% CI: 0.32, 1.04) and single individuals (Concentration index: 0.10, 95% CI: -0.03, 0.22), however this relation was not statistically significant for marriage staus and education. Conclusions The most striking disparity was observed in terms of physical activity arising from leisure time activities. The highest inequality was observed among the age group of 60–75 years, and women.

Abstract Background High triglyceride (TG) affects and is affected of other hematological factors. The determination of serum fasted triglycerides concentrations, as part of a lipid profile, is crucial key point in hematological factors and significantly affect various systemic diseases. This study was carried out to assess the potential relation between the concentration of TG and hematological factors. Method Our sample size was 9704 participants beginning in 2007 and ending in 2020 aged between 35 and 65 years, sourced from the MASHAD cohort (northeastern Iran). Machine learning methodologies, specifically logistic regression, decision tree, and random forest algorithms, were utilized for data analysis in the investigation of individuals with normal and high TG levels. Results The highest Gini score belongs to RLR (Red cell distribution width/Lymphocyte) (236.10), RPR (Red cell distribution width/Platelets) (215.78), and PHR (Platelets/high-density lipoprotein) (273.66). We also found that factors such as age are statistically associated with the level of TG in women probably due to the drop in menopausal estrogen. RF model showed to have higher accuracy in predicting the TG level in both males and females. Conclusion Our model assessed the association between serum TG with several hematological factors like RLR, RPR, and PHR. Other hematological factors also have been reported to be related to the TG level. As these results give us new insights into the association of TG on various hematological factors and their possible interactions with each other. future studies are needed to provide sufficient data for the mechanism and the pathophysiology of the findings.

This study explored the antiproliferative activity of naproxen at the molecular level in human breast cancer cell lines, specifically MCF-7. Non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) are among the most widely prescribed medications worldwide. Like other NSAIDs, naproxen has anti-inflammatory, analgesic, and antipyretic properties. The cytotoxic effects of naproxen on MCF-7 breast cancer cells were assessed using MTT cytotoxicity and lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) leakage assays. Additionally, quantitative reverse transcription PCR (qRT-PCR) was employed to evaluate the expression of apoptosis-related genes, including p53, caspases-3, 8, and 9, Bax, and Bcl 2. The anti-migratory effects of naproxen on breast cancer cells were investigated using a scratch assay. The H2DCFDA (H2-DCF, DCF) cellular assay was used to estimate the intracellular generation of reactive oxygen species (ROS) in breast cancer cells. Results indicated a significant decrease in the viability of MCF-7 cells, as highlighted by both the MTT cytotoxicity and LDH release assays. Compared to the untreated control cells, there was an overexpression of p53 and increased activities of caspases 3, 8, and 9. Bax was significantly upregulated, while Bcl-2 showed significant downregulation. Naproxen also significantly inhibited the migration of MCF-7 cells, as evidenced by the increased distance between the opposing edges of the scratch. In comparison, naproxen enhanced the intracellular generation of ROS in breast cancer cells. Based on these findings, it can be concluded that naproxen exhibits both antiproliferative and anti-migratory activities in the human breast cancer cell line MCF-7. Therefore, naproxen may be considered a promising candidate as an anti-cancer agent, especially when used in combination with other breast cancer therapies.