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Los resultados presentados en este informe son parte del trabajo interdisciplinario que realiza el Centro de Cienciadel Clima y la Resiliencia (CR)2.El (CR)2 es un centro de excelencia financiado por el programa FONDAP de CONICYT (Proyecto 15110009) en el cualparticipan cerca de 60 científicos asociados a la Universidad de Chile, la Universidad de Concepción y la UniversidadAustral de Chile.La versión electrónica de este documento está disponible en el sitio web www.cr2.cl/contaminacion/

Objectives Guidelines recommending 12-month dual antiplatelet therapy (DAPT) in patients with ST-elevation acute coronary syndrome (STEACS) undergoing percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI) were published in year 2012. We aimed to describe the influence of guideline implementation on the trend in 12-month persistence with DAPT between 2010 and 2015 and to evaluate its relationship with DAPT duration regimens recommended at discharge from PCI hospitals. Design Observational study based on region-wide registry data linked to pharmacy billing data for DAPT follow-up. Setting All PCI hospitals (10) belonging to the acute myocardial infarction (AMI) code network in Catalonia (Spain). Participants 10 711 STEACS patients undergoing PCI between 2010 and 2015 were followed up. Primary and secondary outcome measures Primary outcome was 12-month persistence with DAPT. Calendar year quarter, publication of guidelines, DAPT duration regimen recommended in the hospital discharge report, baseline patient characteristics and significant interactions were included in mixed-effects logistic regression based interrupted time-series models. Results The proportion of patients on-DAPT at 12 months increased from 58% (56-60) in 2010 to 73% (71-75) in 2015. The rate of 12-month persistence with DAPT significantly increased after the publication of clinical guidelines with a time lag of 1 year (OR=1.20; 95% CI 1.11 to 1.30). A higher risk profile, more extensive and complex coronary disease, use of drug-eluting stents (OR=1.90; 95% CI 1.50 to 2.40) and a 12-month DAPT regimen recommendation at discharge from the PCI hospital (OR=5.76; 95% CI 3.26 to 10.2) were associated with 12-month persistence. Conclusion Persistence with 12-month DAPT has increased since publication of clinical guidelines. Even though most patients were discharged on DAPT, only 73% with potential indication were on-DAPT 12 months after PCI. A guideline-based recommendation at PCI hospital discharge was highly associated with full persistence with DAPT. Establishing evidence-based, common prescribing criteria across hospitals in the AMI-network would favour adherence and reduce variability.

El objetivo del artículo es presentar los resultados correspondientes a una investigación que se enmarca en un proyecto UBACyT 2008-2010, cuyo título es: Evaluación Nacional de la Inteligencia Sensoriomotriz a bebés de 6 a 30 meses. El objetivo principal de dicha investigación es conocer las etapas del proceso de construcción de la inteligencia práctica en bebés argentinos en las distintas provincias de la Argentina y la elaboración de nuevos baremos a nivel nacional para la Escala Argentina de Inteligencia Sensoriomotriz (EAIS).La muestra se encuentra compuesta por 800 niños de 6 a 30 meses de edad de las provincias de Buenos Aires y CABA, Córdoba, Entre Ríos, Santa Fe, Salta, Chaco, Misiones, Mendoza, Santa Cruz y Río Negro. No se observaron diferencias significativas entre las provincias argentinas en los niveles de desarrollo cognitivo en los bebés. No ha sido necesaria la elaboración de tablas diferenciales de baremos por región. Se presentan las tablas de baremos para la EAIS para Evaluación del desarrollo cognitivo en bebés de 6 a 30 meses de edad a nivel nacional. Through this paper we show the results of an investigation belonging to a UBACyT 2008-2010 project, which was named \"The National evaluation of the sensorimotor intelligence of infants from 6 to 30 months old\" (“Evaluación Nacional de la Inteligencia Sensoriomotriz a bebés de 6 a 30 meses”). The principal aim of this project is to investigate construction stages of sensoriomotor intelligence in Argentine infants, in various provinces of Argentina; and to develop new national standards for The Argentine Scale of sensorimotor intelligence (Escala Argentina de Inteligencia Sensoriomotriz - EAIS). The sample consist of 800 babies from 6 to 30 months old from the following argentine provinces: Buenos Aires y CABA, Córdoba, Entre Ríos, Santa Fe, Salta, Chaco, Misiones, Mendoza, Santa Cruz y Río Negro. There were no significant differences in cognitive development among infants of each of the provinces. Therefore was no need to elaborate standards for each of the provinces. Finally we present, at the end of this paper, tables with the standards for the general result obtained in the EAIS, and the standards for each series of the Scale. Fil: Oiberman, Alicia Juana. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Oficina de Coordinación Administrativa Saavedra 15. Centro Interdisciplinario de Investigaciones En Psicología Matemática y Experimental Dr. Horacio J.a Rimoldi; Argentina Fil: Paolini, Cynthia Inés. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Oficina de Coordinación Administrativa Saavedra 15. Centro Interdisciplinario de Investigaciones En Psicología Matemática y Experimental Dr. Horacio J.a Rimoldi; Argentina Fil: Mansilla, M. L.. Fil: Santos, Maria Soledad. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Oficina de Coordinación Administrativa Saavedra 15. Centro Interdisciplinario de Investigaciones En Psicología Matemática y Experimental Dr. Horacio J.a Rimoldi; Argentina Fil: Dellohainz, I.. Fil: Amigo, C.. Fil: Bravo, L.. Fil: Cartelle, C.. Fil: Duarte, C.. Fil: Gaminara, G.. Fil: Gentile, F.. Fil: Gutierrez, M. A.. Fil: Giachero, A.. Fil: Kuchen, I.. Fil: Leive, M. L.. Fil: Lucero, A.. Fil: Trucco, M. A.. Fil: Rodríguez, G.. Fil: Pronsato, C.. Fil: Rodriguez, C..

The association between Lung Cancer and smoking is well documented. However there is less information about the estimation of its attributable fraction and population burden.To estimate the attributable risk and population attributable risk of smoking among Lung Cancer patients attended in Public Health Services at Santiago.A case control study matched by age was carried out. Crude and adjusted attributable and population attributable risks were estimated, controlling for potential confounders and interaction variables.Mean age for cases was 63 years for women and 67 years for men. Lung Cancer patients had a higher smoking prevalence than controls (64.5% and 39.7% respectively among women; 95.8 and 67.1 respectively among men p0.01). Heavy smoker proportion was 4 times higher among patients that smoked 5 to 10 years more (women and men respectively, p0.01) and 3 times more cigarettes per day (p0.01). Attributable risk for women was 64.4% and 90.4% for men. Population attributable fraction was 41.9% and 86.3% for women and men, respectively. Projecting these estimates to the Chilean population, approximately 1975 new cases per year of Lung Cancer caused by smoking will be diagnosed.Attributable risks of smoking for Lung Cancer are high and significant, even when they are adjusted by confounding variables.

Background: The association between Lung Cancer and smoking is well documented. However there is less information about the estimation of its attributable fraction and population burden. Aim: To estímate the attributable risk and population attributable risk of smoking among Lung Cancer patients attended in Public Health Services at Santiago. Material and methods: A case control study matched by age was carried out. Crude and adjusted attributable and population attributable risks were estimated, controlling for potential confounders and interaction variables. Results: Mean age for cases was 63 years for women and 67 years for men. Lung Cancer patients had a higher smoking prevalence than controls (64.5% and 39.7% respectively among women; 95.8 and 67.1 respectively among men p

Background: The association between Lung Cancer and smoking is well documented. However there is less information about the estimation of its attributable fraction and population burden. Aim: To estímate the attributable risk and population attributable risk of smoking among Lung Cancer patients attended in Public Health Services at Santiago. Material and methods: A case control study matched by age was carried out. Crude and adjusted attributable and population attributable risks were estimated, controlling for potential confounders and interaction variables. Results: Mean age for cases was 63 years for women and 67 years for men. Lung Cancer patients had a higher smoking prevalence than controls (64.5% and 39.7% respectively among women; 95.8 and 67.1 respectively among men p

El objetivo fue evaluar la evolución de la situación alimentaria en Chile entre 1964 y 2003. Se analizó la información disponible en hojas de balance (FAO), encuestas de presupuestos familiares (INE) y encuesta de calidad de vida y salud (MINSAL). Los resultados mostraron aumento del suministro de energía alimentario desde 2630 kcal/día/persona en 1965 a 2872 en 2003. La disponibilidad de carnes aumentó 20,6% entre 1995 y 2003, pero disminuyó la de pescados/mariscos (-33%) y frutas (-22,1%). Entre 1988 y 1997, el consumo aparente de grasas aumentó 50,5%; el gasto en alimentación aumentó 31,1%, mientras que su ponderación del gasto total disminuyó 18,5%. Este cambio en el perfil alimentario contribuye a explicar las altas prevalencias de trastornos nutricionales por exceso y de enfermedades crónicas no transmisibles, mientras que las modificaciones en el gasto en alimentación sugieren un aumento en el nivel de ingresos. A partir de lo anterior se identifican oportunidades y desafíos de intervención para la población chilena The aim of this work was to assess the evolution of the food situation in Chile between 1964 and 2003. Food balance sheets (FAO), household survey of budget expenses (National Institute of Statistics) and quality of life and health survey (Health Ministry) were analysed. The dietary energy supply rose from 2,630 kcal/day/person in 1965 to 2,872 kcal/day/person in 2003. The amount of meat available for human consumption increased 20,6% between 1995 and 2003, but there was a decrease in fish/seafood (-33,3%) and fruits (-20,6%)availability. The intake of fat rose 50,5% between 1988 and 1997; household food expenses increased 31,1%, while its weight on total household expenses decreased 18,5%. This nutritional profile could explain the high prevalence of overweight/obesity and non-communicable chronic diseases observed in Chile. The modification of household food expenses also suggests an improvement in household income. Some opportunities and challenges for intervention in the Chilean population are proposed

Background: Smoking is the main risk factor for Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease (COPD), an important cause of morbidity and mortality. Aim: To estimate smoking attributable risk and population attributable risk in COPD patients attended in Public Health Services of Santiago. Materials and methods: A case control study matched by sex and age was carried out. Crude and adjusted attributable risks as well as population attributable risk were estimated, controlled by potential confounders and by interaction variables. Results: Mean ages for cases and controls were 68 and 67 years respectively. When compared to the control group, COPD patients had a higher smoking prevalence (at least 100 cigarettes in their life span: 89.7% vs 60.3%; p

Background: Smoking is the main risk factor for Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease (COPD), an important cause of morbidity and mortality. Aim: To estimate smoking attributable risk and population attributable risk in COPD patients attended in Public Health Services of Santiago. Materials and methods: A case control study matched by sex and age was carried out. Crude and adjusted attributable risks as well as population attributable risk were estimated, controlled by potential confounders and by interaction variables. Results: Mean ages for cases and controls were 68 and 67 years respectively. When compared to the control group, COPD patients had a higher smoking prevalence (at least 100 cigarettes in their life span: 89.7% vs 60.3%; p

La situación nutricional ha evolucionado en forma diferente en los países del continente. El objetivo del estudio fue analizar los cambios del estado nutricional y algunos de sus condicionantes en América Latina en estos últimos años. Se realizó una búsqueda electrónica y manual de artículos publicados entre 1995 y 2005, seleccionándose los que abordaron la situación alimentario nutricional de países latinoamericanos. Adicionalmente, se obtuvieron datos de encuestas nacionales y reportes internacionales incluyendo fundamentalmente información a partir de 1990. Los países han evolucionado hacia diferentes estadios de transición, observándose un incremento de exceso de peso, particularmente en mujeres adultas, en que se supera el 30% y en algunos países llega al 70%. Igualmente preocupante es la situación infantil, donde cinco países superan el 6% de obesidad. Hay una tendencia a disminuir el déficit de peso, siete de nueve países presentaron una reducción de mujeres con bajo peso y el déficit de crecimiento disminuyó generalizadamente. Se observó un aumento de la disponibilidad calórica en 17 de 20 países. La población que vive bajo la línea de pobreza ha disminuido en 9 de 13 países, aunque hay algunos que superan el 60%. Los indicadores de sedentarismo han aumentado, el parque automotriz ha subido en todos los países y algo similar ocurre con televisores y computadores. La evolución del estado nutricional refleja una acción multifactorial donde destacan: aumento de la ingesta calórica, incremento de actividades sedentarias en un entorno más urbanizado promotor de tecnologías que limitan la actividad física y disminución de la inseguridad alimentaria producto del descenso de la pobreza aunque desigualdades sociales persisten. The nutrition situation has evolved in different ways in Latin-American countries. The aim of the study was to analyze the nutritional change and some conditions within Latin America in the last years. An electronic and manual search of articles published between 1995 and 2005 was made, selecting those that included the nutritional situation of Latin American countries. Additionally, data was collected from national surveys and international reports including information since 1990. The countries have evolved through different transition stages. For example, an increase of excess of weight, particularly in adult women, which exceeded 30% in some countries also reached up to 70% in others. Equally worrisome was the over 6% obesity level in children in five of the countries surveyed. There is a tendency to diminish the deficit of weight with seven of nine countries displaying a reduction of women with low weight while stunting diminished globally. An increase of the caloric availability in 17 of 20 countries was also observed. The total population that lives under the poverty line has diminished in 9 of 13 countries although some exceeded 60%. Some indicators of sedentary lifestyle have increased, the number of cars has been increasing in all countries and similar figures are recorded with respect to television and personnel computers. The evolution of the nutritional status is reflected through the action of set factors, the most important of which being the increase in caloric ingestion and sedentary activities in an urbanized environment, the promotion of the use of technologies that limit physical activity. There is also a reduction in food insecurity due to a fall in poverty levels although social inequalities still persist.

Studies in Chilean adults of low socioeconomic level suggest that their low height is likely to be due to their indigenous background. However this group also has been marginalized from socioeconomic development.To determine the influence of Mapuche ethnic origin and socioeconomic factors on the height of adults.In a cross sectional design, the height of 1,293 adults (528 males and 765 females) of Mapuche and non Mapuche origin were studied in the Araucania Region (Southern Chile) and in the Metropolitan Region (Central Chile). Subjects with Mapuche surnames were considered as pertaining to this ethnic community and those with Spanish surnames were considered as non Mapuche. Linear regression models were done, stratifying by sex, considering ethnic origin, to live in counties of different social vulnerability, and the level of family poverty.Among males, the mean height was 166.6+/-7.3 cm and among females, the figure was 153.6+/-5.9 cm. Mapuche subjects were significantly shorter: -3.2 cm (95% Confidence Interval (CI) -4.0 to -2.3) among females and -4.8 cm (CI -6.0 to -3.6) among males (non adjusted models). This deficit increased to -4.5 and -7.6 cm among females and males, respectively when they lived in poverty and in areas with highest social vulnerability. These differences decreased significantly if Mapuche subjects lived in communities with low social vulnerability and less poverty (-0.59 and -1.14 cm among females and males respectively).The studied population had low height, being lower in Mapuche subjects. The differences decreased among subjects living in counties of less vulnerability and less family poverty.

Background: Studies in Chilean adults of low socioeconomic level suggest that their low height is likely to be due to their indigenous background. However this group also has been marginalized from socioeconomic development. Aim: To determine the influence of Mapuche ethnic origin and socioeconomic factors on the height of adults. Subjects and methods: In a cross sectional design, the height of 1,293 adults (528 males and 765 females) of Mapuche and non Mapuche origin were studied in the Araucania Region (Southern Chile) and in the Metropolitan Region (Central Chile). Subjects with Mapuche surnames were considered as pertaining to this ethnic community and those with Spanish surnames were considered as non Mapuche. Linear regression models were done, stratifying by sex, considering ethnic origin, to live in counties of different social vulnerability, and the level of family poverty. Results: Among males, the mean height was 166.6±7.3 cm and among females, the figure was 153.6±5.9 cm. Mapuche subjects were significantly shorter: ‐3.2 cm (95% Confidence Interval (CI) ‐4.0 to ‐2.3) among females and ‐4.8 cm (CI ‐6.0 to ‐3.6) among males (non adjusted models). This deficit increased to ‐4.5 and ‐7.6 cm among females and males, respectively when they lived in poverty and in areas with highest social vulnerability. These differences decreased significantly if Mapuche subjects lived in communities with low social vulnerability and less poverty (‐0.59 and ‐1.14 cm among females and males respectively). Conclusions: The studied population had low height, being lower in Mapuche subjects. The differences decreased among subjects living in counties of less vulnerability and less family poverty (Rev Med Chile 2005; 133: 461-8).

Background:Studies in Chilean adults of low socioeconomic level suggest that their low height is likely to be due to their indigenous background. However this group also has been marginalized from socioeconomic development. Aim: To determine the influence of Mapuche ethnic origin and socioeconomic factors on the height of adults. Subjects and methods: In a cross sectional design, the height of 1,293 adults (528 males and 765 females) of Mapuche and non Mapuche origin were studied in the Araucania Region (Southern Chile) and in the Metropolitan Region (Central Chile). Subjects with Mapuche surnames were considered as pertaining to this ethnic community and those with Spanish surnames were considered as non Mapuche. Linear regression models were done, stratifying by sex, considering ethnic origin, to live in counties of different social vulnerability, and the level of family poverty. Results: Among males, the mean height was 166.6±7.3 cm and among females, the figure was 153.6±5.9 cm. Mapuche subjects were significantly shorter: -3.2 cm (95% Confidence Interval (CI) -4.0 to -2.3) among females and -4.8 cm (CI -6.0 to -3.6) among males (non adjusted models). This deficit increased to -4.5 and -7.6 cm among females and males, respectively when they lived in poverty and in areas with highest social vulnerability. These differences decreased significantly if Mapuche subjects lived in communities with low social vulnerability and less poverty (-0.59 and -1.14 cm among females and males respectively). Conclusions: The studied population had low height, being lower in Mapuche subjects. The differences decreased among subjects living in counties of less vulnerability and less family poverty

A precise knowledge of the prevalence and importance of cardiovascular risk factors will facilitate the development of preventive strategies. Aim: To study cardiovascular risk factors among healthy young adults. Subjects and methods: Eight hundred and fifty subjects aged 22 to 28 years, living in two cities in Valparaiso province, were studied. Weight, height and blood pressure were recorded. A fasting blood sample was obtained from 806 individuals (54% female), to measure plasma lipids, glucose and insulin levels, to estimate their homeostasis model assessment scores (HOMA) and to evaluate the occurrence of metabolic syndrome. Results: Five percent of the studied population had high blood pressure, 14% had obesity, 57% smoked, 25% had high total cholesterol levels, 10.5% had high levels of low density lipoprotein cholesterol, 46% had low levels of high density lipoprotein cholesterol, 16% had high triglyceride levels, 36% had insulin resistance, 7% had a metabolic syndrome, 14% were heavy drinkers and 38% were sedentary. Women had a higher prevalence of obesity and metabolic syndrome. In only 24% of the studied subjects, no risk factor was identified. Conclusions: A high prevalence of cardiovascular risk factors was found in this population of young adults

Background: Anthropometrical measurements at birth are the result of the conditions during pregnancy, being an issue of current interest due to the reported relationship of birth weight with non communicable chronic diseases in adulthood. Aim: To study the change in anthropometrical measurements at birth, between the period 1974-1978 and the period 1995-1999, in two counties of Valparaiso, Chile. Material and methods: We collected information from the public health care system in a universe of 5,018 newborns of the two periods. Results: When compared to 1974-1978, the period 1995-1999, showed 38% decrease in the number of deliveries, 0.7% decrease in parity, 1.4% decrease in pre-term deliveries and one year increase of mother's age. Likewise birth weight increased by 246 g in males and 210 g in females (p

Background: The few studies in Chile assessing the nutritional status of indigenous children show a high prevalence of stunting, excess weight and feeding problems. Aim: to compare anthropometric indices in children from indigenous and non indigenous ancestry. Subjects and methods: school children aged 6 to 8 years old, living in locations with three clear cut levels of social vulnerability were studied. Children were considered indigenous if their last names, as well as those of their parents were of Mapuche origin. Non indigenous were those whose last names were of Spanish origin. Results: four hundred and fifty indigenous and 684 non indigenous children were studied. Indigenous children from high vulnerability communities were approximately 0.5 z score shorter than those of non indigenous origin. Heights of indigenous and non indigenous children were similar in communities with intermediate and low social vulnerability. The proportion of the lower segment followed the same trend. Weight/height ratios were higher among indigenous children in the three vulnerability levels. Among indigenous children coming from areas of low vulnerability arm circumference was 1 cm broader than that of their non indigenous counterparts. Conclusions: stunting is prevalent among school children from areas of high socioeconomic vulnerability, mainly rural, and independent from ethnicity. Among indigenous school children overweight and a broader arm circumference are frequent. These results urgently call for located and specific nutrition interventions

Objetivo: analizar la relación entre talla baja y rendimiento escolar en niños de comunas de alta vulnerabilidad social de Santiago. Pacientes y métodos: se seleccionaron niños de talla baja(-1 a -3 DE) o normal (± 0,5) para la edad según estándar OPS/NCHS, cuyos padres tenían talla muy baja (- 2 DE) o no muy baja (entre -1,99 y 0,5 DE) para el mismo estándar a los 18 años. Se formaron tres grupos. El grupo 1 de 85 niños de talla baja y padres muy bajos; grupo 2 de 76 niños de talla baja y padres no muy bajos y grupo 3 de 86 niños de talla normal y padres no muy bajos. Se registraron antecedentes demográficos, escolaridad de los padres, recursos y apoyo de la familia al aprendizaje. El rendimiento escolar se midió por las notas de promoción en matemática y español, fracaso el año precedente, trastorno de aprendizaje e índices de rendimiento y se comparó entre los grupos. Resultados: los niños talla baja tenían menores notas de pase en castellano y matemáticas y mayor riesgo de trastornos de aprendizaje y repetición. En el modelo multivariado de bajo rendimiento ingresaron significativamente pertenecer al grupo 2 (razón de ventaja (OR)= 2,48; intervalo de confianza (IC)= 1,13 - 5,46 y baja escolaridad de padre y madre (OR = 1,52; IC = 1,13 - 2,03). En el modelo de buen rendimiento ingresaron alta escolaridad de los padres (OR=1,47; IC=1,16-1,87), bajo número de menores de 18 años en el hogar (OR = 2,29; IC = 1,11 - 4,71) y talla normal (OR = 2,18; IC = 1,08 - 4,39). Conclusión: la prevención del déficit secundario de crecimiento, aplicando programas de apoyo en los grupos de riesgo, podría contribuir a la disminución del bajo rendimiento escolar. Objective: to describe relationships between stunting and school performance in children from high social vulnerability populations at Santiago, Chile. Subjects and methods: school performance was compared in three groups of children: group 1 of 85 short stature (height for age (H/A) -1 to -3 SD) children from short parents (-2 SD H/A of standard at age 18 years), group 2 of 76 short children (-2 SD) from not so short parents (-1.99 to 0.5 SD H/A of standard at age 18 years) and group 3 of 86 normal H/A (± 0.5 SD) children of not so short parents. Parents literacy, economic resources and family support to learning were also recorded. School performance was assessed by final scores, academic failure, learning disabilities and performance index. Results: short stature children had lower scores in mathematics and spanish, higher risk of learning disabilities and of subject failure. Multivariate model for low performance included to belong to group 2 (OR = 2.48; CI = 1.13 ? 5.46) and low educational level of both parents (OR = 1.52; CI = 1.13 ? 2.03). Adequate performance mode included high literacy of parents (OR = 1.47; CI = 1.16 ? 1.87), families with fewer children under 18 years of age (OR = 2.29; CI = 1.11 ? 4.71), and normal height of the child (OR = 2.18; CI = 1.08 ? 4.39). Conclusion: prevention of secondary stunting may be a good option to reduce low school performance in low socioeconomic level populations

Resumen El prooosito de este estudio fue analizar la evolucion del crecimiento en estatura de escolares de talla baja.Mediante rastreo, en escolares de seis a echo anas de zonas rurales de alta vulnerabilidad social de las RegionesMetropoli'ana y Sexta, de Ch le, se seleccionaron 127 ninos con deficit de talla para la edad entre rnenos 1 y menos3 puntajes Z de la mediana del patron NCrHS/OMS |casos| y 1 30 controles cuya estatura estaba entre mas o rnenosmedio puntaje Z. Se analizo la informacion de las fichas de los consultorios donde eran controlados. Se observo unincremento menor de esiatura en los casos antes y despues de la edad de 24 meses (p < 0,001). La mayor des-oceleracion de .a tola ocurrio en ei prime-" one de vida. Los casos moslraban valores inferiores de puntajes Z [-0,65vs -0,13} desce el nacimiento, llegando a -1,72 a los 18 meses y a -1,83 a los 72 meses. Los controles serrontuvieron alrededor de la mediana durante este misrno periodo. La desnutricion y talla ba[a al nacer se asociaronsignificativamente con taila baja en el escoar (ventaja u OR = 4,94 y 3,36 respectivamente), Estos resultadossugie-en a conveniencia de reforzar Ics acciones de prevencion y control prenatales y posnatales si se desea disminuirla frecuencia de tallc baja en los escolares chilenos.

We hereby complement our research with regard to the height of school children in Chile. This report, is framed within the concept of positive deviations of growth in length. The subjects under study were students from first and second grades from rural communities of high socioeconomic vulnerability. Children whose height was above 0.5 z score were defined as cases one those whose height was witfvn ± 0.5 z score of the NCHS/OMS standard as controls. One hundred and sixty one pairs were studied, collecting information about their parent's stature, quality o" child care, pks socioeconomic, demographic and biologic factors. Multivariate analysis by conditional logistic regression showed hat factors best related to higher stature were the number of antenatal care visits to health facilities by mother [OR = 3.61), the quality of family care to children (OR = 2.42] and mother's height (borderline significance). Two factors associated to optimal growth were thus identified: mother's concern on her own health and adecuacy of child care by the family. These factors should be encouraged when the goal is an optimal growth of children.