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This column article examines the complexities surrounding employee leaves due to disabilities, pregnancy, or other extended absences. Also discussed are some of the legal considerations around employee leave, including a brief review of the Family and Medical Leave Act (FMLA) and Americans with Disabilities Act (ADA). The author advocates for proactive planning when possible and a person-centric approach to effectively support employees during absence and upon return. These strategies aim to foster an inclusive and supportive environment for individuals requiring leaves within library settings, promoting equitable representation and effective support. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The Supreme Court dropped several of its most anxiously awaited and controversial cases during the last week of June 2023. While two of the cases, 303 Creative LLC v. Elenis and Students for Fair Admissions., Inc., v. President & Fellows of Harvard College, received most of the press, a third case will likely be the most consequential of the three for the hospitality industry. In Groff v. DeJoy, Postmaster General, the Supreme Court, in a 9-0 decision, rejected a 25 year+ interpretation of a Supreme Court case defining employers' obligations to accommodate religion. Because the Court released its Groff decision during the same week as the release of both 303 Creative and the Harvard cases, Groff was lost in the shuffle. However, we argue that Groff 's imprecise but radical change of what constitutes an undue hardship for religious accommodations under Title VII of the Civil Rights Act of 1964 will create confusion, may cause dissention, and will add to an already difficult labor market in hospitality and other industries. To support our proposition, this article examines (a) the development of religious accommodation law before 1977, (b) the 1977 Supreme Court case that the Groff Court rejected, (c) the subsequent precedent of that 1977 case, (d) the passing and development of the Americans with Disabilities Act, and then, (e) the effect of Groff. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The article "A Call to Wonder reimagining disability" explores the concept of wonder through the lens of disability, focusing on historical representations of disabled individuals in circuses and sideshows. The text delves into the transformative power of wonder in reshaping perceptions of disability, advocating for a shift towards disability cultural competence in medical education and practice. Through personal narratives, reflections on art, and ethical considerations, the article invites readers to reconsider traditional approaches to disability and embrace wonder as a means of fostering empathy, respect, and solidarity with disabled individuals. [Extracted from the article]

The purpose of this scoping review was to identify research-based resources that explore vocational rehabilitation-related business engagement strategies as they relate to three steps: (a) understanding business needs, (b) marketing to businesses, and (c) supporting businesses. In doing so, this review begins to identify strategies that may support vocational rehabilitation agencies and their compliance with the business engagement requirements mandated by the Workforce Innovation and Opportunity Act. The search of several databases and gray literature identified 153 resources with titles and abstracts that met screening criteria, 54 of which met the inclusion criteria after a review of the full text. Because the purpose of a scoping review is to describe the landscape of available literature on a given topic, this review did not vet studies for quality, nor did it exclude studies of interventions that did not lead to successful business engagement outcomes. Given its goal of identifying broadly relevant information available, the review included resources from non–peer-reviewed, practitioner-oriented sources. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The article delves into the significance of providing reasonable accommodations for individuals with disabilities in the workplace, citing a case where a deaf employee faced denial of accommodations and subsequently resigned. It delves into the legal framework established by the Rehabilitation Act and the Americans with Disabilities Act (ADA) to combat disability discrimination in employment. The article also delves into the ongoing debate among courts regarding what constitutes a successful failure-to-accommodate claim under the ADA, particularly concerning adverse employment actions. The role of the Equal Employment Opportunity Commission (EEOC) in enforcing Title I of the ADA is also examined, along with a circuit split on the necessity of adverse employment actions in failure-to-accommodate claims under Title I of the ADA. The article advocates for a broader interpretation of adverse employment actions to align more closely with the ADA's intent and to safeguard the rights of disabled employees in the workplace. Adopting a consistent definition would offer clarity and uphold the rights of disabled employees. [Extracted from the article]

Purpose: Research related to workplace accommodation requests for employees with mental illness is scarce, though evidence suggests that these individuals often fail to request accommodations even when needed. The authors' research study aimed to address these shortcomings by (1) assessing employees' knowledge of Americans with Disabilities Act (ADA) laws and how this knowledge influences employees' perceived need for and requests of accommodations; (2) examining the relationship between employees' perceived need for accommodations and employees' workplace outcomes and (3) examining the relationship between perceived need for accommodations and employees' actual accommodation requests, as well as how stigma influences this relationship. Design/methodology/approach: The authors used two survey studies to investigate their research questions. Study 1 participants were recruited through Amazon's MTurk, and Study 2 participants were recruited through support groups for individuals diagnosed with mood disorders (i.e. depression and bipolar disorder). Findings: The authors found significant gaps in both subjective and objective ADA-related knowledge among participants in their sample. The authors' Study 1 results also revealed an interaction between the perceived need for accommodations and accommodation requests in predicting job satisfaction and turnover intentions. When employees needed accommodations but did not request them, it resulted in worsened workplace outcomes. In Study 2, the authors aimed to identify barriers to requesting accommodations. The authors found that the relationship between perceived need for accommodations and actual accommodation requests was moderated by both public and self-stigma, thereby showing that stigma can impede individuals from requesting needed accommodations at work. Originality/value: The authors' study sheds light on a population that has been relatively understudied in the workplace accommodations literature, namely those with mental illness. The authors first identify the perceived need for accommodations as an important factor in making accommodations requests at work, as prior work has failed to differentiate how the need for accommodations can vary across individuals. Next, the authors show how workplace outcomes (i.e. job satisfaction and turnover intentions) are negatively affected when employees need accommodations but do not request them. Finally, the authors demonstrate how both public stigma and self-stigma can reduce the likelihood that individuals request accommodations at work, even when needed. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Non-formal learning environments, such as museums, zoos, or botanical gardens, can challenge individuals with autism due to bright lights, loud noises, and unfamiliar social situations. Individuals with autism who want to visit and learn science in these environments need accommodations beyond the Americans with Disabilities Act standards for physical accessibility. Virtual reality (VR) technologies can improve inclusivity and accessibility in non-formal settings for people with autism. Yet, research specific to science learning in this context is minimal. This systematic review nvestigates VR use in various educational settings with individuals with autism in published studies from 2012–2021 using a conceptual framework based on verticality and a medical model of disability. Findings indicate the pervasiveness of the medical model and a lack of work promoting science learning in non-formal spaces such as museums. Museums are known to provide barriers to visitors with autism that go beyond physical accessibility; however, minimal work has been done to make these spaces more inclusive. Opportunities for future work to be informed, progressive, and more likely to promote science learning are discussed. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This survey study investigated understanding and use of the Americans with Disabilities Act (ADA), self-advocacy, self-determination, and campus resources by college students with disabilities. Thirty-one students registered with a student disability office at a Midwestern state university completed an anonymous survey. Thirty-two percent of participants reported that they knew how to advocate for their own education before beginning college. A majority of participants displayed strong understanding of self-determination, self-advocacy, and campus resources, but reported a weak understanding about the ADA. Participants reported stronger agreement on their use of self-determination and self-advocacy skills than on campus resources. Their lowest score was for their use of self-advocacy skill when their legal rights had to be voiced. These students' lack of understanding of their legal rights and limited self-advocacy skills in protecting their legal rights suggest implications for both transition services in high school and support services at the college level. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The article focuses on enhancing selection tests for disabled job applicants by addressing the legal, design, and bias-related issues within the selection process. It emphasizes the need for reasonable accommodations under the Americans with Disabilities Act (ADA), the importance of test accessibility to ensure equitable assessments, and strategies to mitigate rater biases that could adversely affect evaluations of disabled candidates.

INTRODUCTION 1304 I. BACKGROUND 1307 A. Employment at Will 1307 B. History and Effectiveness of Title VII 1308 C. Examples of Proxy Discrimination 1310 1. Race-Based Hairstyles 1310 2. Gendered [...], Title VII of the Civil Rights Act of 1964 prohibits employment discrimination on the basis of race, color, religion, sex, or national origin. Significantly, these protected characteristics are undefined, and judicial interpretations of race, sex, and national origin have allowed employers to lawfully discriminate against proxies for these protected characteristics. This Note examines the use of race-based hairstyles, gendered-appearance standards, and citizenship as proxies for race, sex, and national origin, respectively, and how the availability of such proxies inhibits Title VII's goal of creating equal employment opportunities. The Supreme Court's dicta in Bostock v. Clayton County offer potential redress to some victims of proxy discrimination through a protected characteristic plus proxy framework, but its application is limited and authority still unclear. Legislative intervention is likely necessary to strike the proper balance between equalizing employment opportunities and preserving employer autonomy to make employment decisions. This Note proposes varying levels of statutory enumeration--broad enumeration, narrow enumeration, and no enumeration--for race, sex, and national origin, respectively, to balance the competing goals of creating equal employment opportunities on the basis of protected characteristics and maintaining employer autonomy.

This article studies the response of the US disability community to the prevalent assumption that disabled people do not have a future, in the form of the disability rights movement. It provides an exploratory discussion of the key role played by utopianism in the response. In doing so, the article adds to critical theorizing on the importance of utopia to the oppression of non-dominant groups and to transcending that oppression. I use utopian studies scholarship to interpret the activities leading up to the passing of the Americans with Disabilities Act in 1990 as a minor utopia, characterized by an ambiguous, grounded, and provisional effort to imagine alternative ways of being. I articulate the central role played by a positive vision of disability and disabled people for this inversion of the historically negative relationship between utopia and disability. The article turns to disability activists to show that the movement countered exclusionary utopian approaches by acting as if it had a right to envision and enact a different, better future for all from the perspective of disability and disabled people. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Introduction: People with disabilities are underrepresented in higher education, facing systematic obstacles such as inaccessible communication and physical environments and difficulties obtaining accommodations. This study aims to shed light on barriers to accessibility and disability inclusion in research institutions through confidential qualitative interviews with researchers with disabilities. Methods: We recruited participants via virtual flyers. Eligibility criteria included working in the United States (U.S.) as researchers that had applied for grant funding (last five years), and self-identifying as having a disability. We offered participants (total n = 35) the option of either semi-structured one-on-one live or written interviews based on their preference. Two study team members analyzed written and live responses using thematic analysis to identify themes. Results: Themes included identity/visibility, career trajectories, accessibility, accommodations, bias, representation, and inclusion. Some participants reported not disclosing their disabilities at work or during hiring processes due to fear of negative perceptions from peers or potential employers. Experiences around stigma and bias were noted both in professional relationships and when interacting with disability service offices, underscoring difficulties and delays in processes to secure accommodations. Respondents highlighted the lack of disability inclusion and low representation of people with disabilities in academia and elevated the importance of self-advocacy and of role models and mentors in shaping career pathways for future researchers with disabilities. Conclusion: Researchers with disabilities encounter systematic barriers at academic institutions, and lack of acknowledgement and research on these experiences has held back institutional and policy changes. To reduce disparities for researchers with disabilities, academic leadership must allocate resources to address ableism, create more inclusive environments, and raise standards beyond compliance with the Americans with Disabilities Act. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The article focuses on the Fourth Circuit's landmark decision in "Williams v. Kincaid", which challenges the exclusion of gender dysphoria from Americans with Disabilities Act (ADA) protections. Topics include the historical exclusion of gender identity disorder from ADA coverage; the legal and medical basis for differentiating gender dysphoria as a protected condition; and the decision's implications for future transgender rights litigation under the ADA.

This document outlines a strategy for the Aero Missile and Defense Conglomerate (AMDC) to support employees with hidden disabilities, following a survey revealing that 40% of employees have such conditions. GK Consulting proposes a performance management support system focused on education, accommodations, and Americans with Disabilities Act (ADA) compliance. Key components include Data Collection - surveying prevalence and types of hidden disabilities, and assessing current accommodations; Accommodations - implementing flexible work schedules, customized communication methods, assistive technologies, and mental health support; Leadership - applying transformational leadership to foster an inclusive workplace; Organizational Culture - using Schein's Organizational Culture Model to align values with disability inclusion; Change Management - employing Kotter's Eight-Step Change Model for sustainable implementation; and PESTEL Analysis - considering external political, economic, social, technological, environmental, and legal factors. The strategy aims to create a supportive and inclusive environment, enhancing AMDC's culture, driving innovation, and positioning the company as an inclusive employer where all employees can thrive. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In the last few years, state legislatures have advanced a record number of bills aimed at restricting the rights of transgender and gender non-conforming people. In the 2023 legislative session alone, 510 bills were introduced across the nation that would ban gender-affirming healthcare, weaken protection from discrimination in employment, public accommodations, and hospitals, censor drag shows, limit access to books about LGBTQ people, and exclude trans people from bathrooms and locker rooms, among other things. To many, these proposed bills are efforts to exclude transgender people from public life and effectively legislate them out of existence. Such attacks are likely to fall hardest on the most marginalized and vulnerable LGBTQ people who must exist in staterun spaces such as schools, prisons, hospitals, group homes, and homeless shelters. This Article argues that the Americans with Disabilities Act (ADA) has the potential to be a particularly effective tool for transgender people in fighting to be treated fairly in such places. Until recently, transgender people marginalized on account of their gender identity had no recourse under the ADA because Congress excluded “gender identity disorders” from the qualifying disabilities under the Act. But recently, some courts have found that Gender Dysphoria, a condition that many transgender people experience, is a covered disability under the ADA. This may allow transgender people to seek redress under the ADA when they face violent mistreatment in institutional settings. Not only does the ADA apply to many areas of life, the definition of discrimination used by the law—namely, that facially neutral policies with a disparate impact on disabled people as well as failure to provide reasonable accommodations both constitute discrimination—is also a particularly appropriate tool for addressing the barriers that many trans people face. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

We are now 34 years out from the initial enactment of the Americans with Disabilities Act (ADA) (1990), a landmark piece of federal legislation that made education at every level from preschool to graduate school and meaningful employment accessible to people with apparent and non-apparent disabilities. In higher education, and specifically in the academic library, disability accommodations are now an integral part of the life of both students and staff. During my professional internship as part of my MLIS degree at Kent State University, I developed and delivered a tour of the primary academic library, its in-person and online services, and its website for incoming first-year and transfer students with disabilities at Colorado State University, a large, public, land- and space-grant university. The considerations used to develop this programming and its broad impact are discussed here, along with ideas for ongoing support of students with disabilities, and particularly students with non-apparent and executive function disabilities and neurodiversity such as Autism spectrum conditions. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The article discusses the court case Rokita v. Pennsylvania Department of Corrections, wherein the Commonwealth Court of Pennsylvania ruled in favor of the inmate's claim of relief for Medication-Assisted Treatment (MAT). It provides a background of MAT, filing claims and alleged violations of rights under the Eighth Amendment and the Americans With Disabilities Act. It reviews the dissenting opinion regarding the use of MAT in the prison system.

Purpose: Using the social model of disability and social cognitive theory, this study aims to examine Students With Disabilities (SWDs) and facilities accessibility to dismantle exclusion in achieving Sustainable Development Goal 4. Design/methodology/approach: Three sets of data were collected for the study, first, detailed inventory and actual measurements of basic accessibility to infrastructure (ramp, staircases, handrails, drop-kerb and toilets), estimating barriers and breakers and checking conformity with The Americans with Disabilities Act (ADA) Accessibility Guidelines (ADAAG) standards. Second, perceptual data was collected from SWDs through questionnaire administration on 56 SWDs based on consent and willingness to partake in the survey, and finally, 5 key informants were selected for interview. Data collected were analyzed using mean index, cross-tabulation and content analysis. Findings: The study revealed that accessibility to buildings and facilities is a major problem faced by SWDs within the campus, and this is attributed to insufficient provision of facilities such as ramps, drop kerbs, tactile, traffic/auditory signals, crossing aids in the campus physical environment. Also, no building on campus is disability friendly, with barriers such as step and stair landings, circulations and narrow corridors within the campus buildings and no provision for disabled priority seating, toilets and elevators among others. These accessibility limitations contribute greatly to the disadvantage and marginalization faced by SWDs, leading to deprivation and exclusion. Practical implications: Creating an inclusive environment, especially for SWDs, requires access to adequate and standard barrier-free facilities within university campuses. These barriers create accessibility limitations and contribute greatly to the disadvantage and marginalization faced by SWDs, leading to deprivation and exclusion, in the form of fatigue, restriction from educational opportunities, frustrations and hinder the right to freedom of movement, unequal participation and lack of access to various facilities such as health. Hence, disabled-friendly design components play a vital role in creating inclusion within the campus environment. Originality/value: The study focuses on the minority and less privileged students whose voices and fundamental human rights have been trampled upon indirectly through exclusion in policy formulation. This has to a large extent hampered their access to public buildings such as classrooms and libraries, which may transcend to affecting their academic excellence. A study of this nature aimed at breaking exclusion for proper accessibility to school infrastructure, which will aid the achievement of SDG4. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Passed in 1973, the Rehabilitation Act was the first law to provide equal access for individuals with disabilities. The Rehabilitation Act opened the door for the enactment of the Americans with Disabilities Act (ADA), which created enforceable standards addressing discrimination against individuals with disabilities. Working in tandem, these two Acts form the foundation that protects individuals with disabilities from discrimination in the U.S. However, in 1985, the Supreme Court intentionally refused to decide whether this protection included disparate impact as well as intentional discrimination. This has led the circuit courts to split in holding whether or not disparate impact claims are recognized under the Rehabilitation Act and the ADA. This Note will examine different methods of statutory interpretation to ultimately recommend that disparate impact claims should be recognized under the Rehabilitation Act and the ADA, following prior Supreme Court precedent in recognizing disparate impact claims under Title VII of the Civil Rights Act and the Fair Housing Act. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The article examines the exclusion of individuals with gender dysphoria from protections under the Americans with Disabilities Act (ADA) and discusses the implications of the recent ruling in Williams v. Kincaid.Topics include the historical context of the ADA, the legal challenges surrounding the gender identity disorder exclusion, and the need for constitutional scrutiny to ensure equal protection for transgender individuals under the law.

The authors examine the U.S. Supreme Court decision in Olmstead v L.C. ex rel. Zimring and related Supreme Court rulings that could raise questions about the Americans With Disabilities Act's guarantee of care in integrated settings and about which governmental entity's interpretation should be respected when deciding whether a state has met its integration obligation. After reviewing statutes, administrative regulations, and judicial decisions, the authors conclude that Olmstead's integration mandate will likely stand, but actions should be taken to codify the rule in federal and state statutes so that governmental agencies will continue to have the authority to ensure compliance with the mandate. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Safely walking or wheeling in a wheelchair in the community is a civil and human right. Some progress has been made in the US towards making walking/wheeling paths more accessible for people with disabilities through the construction of new curb ramps, fixing sidewalk barriers, and installing accessible pedestrian signals. However, pedestrians with disabilities continue to be limited by infrastructure barriers on sidewalks and streets. To encourage progress and government transparency, we developed a set of performance metrics for local governments to monitor and report their progress in implementing barrier removal plans, called Americans with Disabilities Act (ADA) transition plans. We used the five-step Nominal Group Technique to systematically develop and prioritize a set of performance metrics with an expert panel of ADA coordinators, disability organizations, and state and federal Department of Transportation staff. The research resulted in obtaining 53 metrics across five goals and 14 objectives that can be used to measure all phases of implementation and are intended to be customized to fit different community contexts and capacities. The metrics could be used by federal and state transportation agencies, as well as internationally, with some adaptation to ensure that adequate progress in barrier removal is being made. Local governments can use the metrics to document and communicate their progress and effectively reduce ADA compliance litigation concerns. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Purpose: This study explores small businesses' knowledge base and practices concerning interviewing and hiring job candidates with disabilities, as they are not required to comply with the provisions of the Americans with Disabilities Act (ADA). Methods: We first conducted 18 in-depth interviews with small business owners to explore their knowledge of the ADA, their practices surrounding hiring (for those with and without disabilities), and their sense of the best practices for how a candidate should navigate the interview and request for accommodations. Responses were then used to create a survey of an additional 110 small business owners. Results: Six themes arose from the interviews, illuminating the steep learning curve involved in each (1) hiring well, (2) the need to trust an employee's character as much as their skill set, (3) the need for an employee to fit within the small business's family-like environment, (4) the preference for job candidates to be transparent about their needs as early as possible, (5) the importance of personal experience with disability, and (6) the difficulty in obtaining precise information about the ADA. Survey responses supported the general findings of the interviews while also providing information about the relative rarity of encountering a job candidate with a disability. Conclusion: Hiring employees with disabilities is challenging for small businesses, and bias is difficult to avoid. The availability of clear information on how to comply with the ADA and other laws and practices would be welcome by many small business owners. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Nyle DiMarco's memoir, "Deaf Utopia: A Memoir -- and a Love Letter to a Way of Life," provides valuable insights into Deaf culture and education. The book explores DiMarco's life growing up in a multigenerational Deaf family and his experiences as a Deaf person. DiMarco emphasizes the importance of recognizing the diversity within Deaf culture and challenges the notion of a single story of deafness. The memoir also delves into literacy development and theories in an approachable manner, making it a useful resource for educators. Overall, "Deaf Utopia" offers a unique perspective on language, culture, and identity, and encourages readers to explore and celebrate the vibrant spectrum of humanity. [Extracted from the article]

Inspired by pandemic-transformed instruction, this paper examines the digital accessibility of five tech tools used in information literacy sessions, specifically for students who use assistive technologies such as screen readers. The tools are Kahoot!, Mentimeter, Padlet, Jamboard, and Poll Everywhere. First, we provide an overview of the Americans with Disabilities Act (ADA) and digital accessibility definitions, descriptions of screen reading assistive technology, and the current use of tech tools in information literacy instruction for student engagement. Second, we examine accessibility testing assessments of the five tech tools selected for this paper. Our data show that the tools had severe, significant, and minor levels of digital accessibility problems, and while there were some shared issues, most problems were unique to the individual tools. We explore the implications of tech tools' unique environments as well as the importance of best practices and shared vocabularies. We also argue that digital accessibility benefits all users. Finally, we provide recommendations for teaching librarians to collaborate with campus offices to assess and advance the use of accessible tech tools in information literacy instruction, thereby enhancing an equitable learning environment for all students. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Editor's note: This article is adapted from the address Dr. Caballero delivered as the recipient of the American Diabetes Association's Outstanding Educator in Diabetes Award for 2023. He delivered the address in June 2023 during the Association's 83rd Scientific Sessions in San Diego, CA. A webcast of this speech is available for viewing on the DiabetesPro website (https://events.diabetes.org/live/25/page/186). [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The Supreme Court's 1998 decision in Pennsylvania Department of Corrections v. Yeskey, paved the way for Title II of the Americans with Disabilities Act and § 504 of the Rehabilitation Act's (collectively "disability law") to regulate the carceral system. Contrastingly, these past, few decades the Court has cut back the rights and available remedies derived from constitutional criminal procedure. As constitutional criminal procedure collapses, anti-carceral advocates must find an alternative pathway. Advocates should begin by defining criminal procedure so they might determine what tools can fulfill its function. This Note argues that criminal procedure is defned as a system of liability rules for actors in the carceral system enforceable through litigation. Comparing recent litigation involving disability law failure-to-modify cases with Fourth Amendment excessive force and Eighth Amendment prison conditions cases reveals that disability law is criminal procedure. Modern constitution-based criminal procedure's anti-discrimination origins help explain why disability law functions as criminal procedure. Developed in the mid-20th century, modern constitution-based criminal procedure was created to target political process defects that resulted in large racial disparities in the carceral system. The same defects have created large disability-based disparities in the carceral system, thus allowing disability law to function similarly to modern criminal procedure. This Note contends that because disability law more precisely targets these political process defects and has several unique legal benefits, such as its statutory nature and broad enforcement and remedial mechanisms, disability law can fill the void created by the collapse of constitutional criminal procedure. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In the article, the author discusses website accessibility law issues under the Americans with Disabilities Act (ADA) of 1990 and how to address them. ADA aims to eliminate discrimination based on disabilities. Also cited are the rapid rise of federal lawsuits due to violations of ADA's Title III and the efforts by foreign governments and standard-setting organizations like the World Wide Web Consortium (W3C) to ensure internet accessibilityfor all users.

Purpose: This review of federal statutes, regulations, administrative directions, and case law related to special education, disabilities, and school nutrition is designed to provide speech-language pathologists (SLPs) with information essential for determining eligibility children with pediatric feeding disorder (PFD). Despite the absence of mention of dysphagia or PFD in federal statutes and regulations, special education, disability, and school food service requirements provide direction for serving children with health care needs, which include children with dysphagia. The federal requirements, court cases, and policy interpretations are detailed to provide guidance to SLPs and their school teams when working with children with PFDs. Method: Federal statutes and regulations, administrative directions, and case law were reviewed. This review details the application of federal statutes and regulations for children with PFDs. Furthermore, administrative direction and case law identify the importance of attending to the safety of children with dysphagia. Results: As a result of this review, sections of the various federal statutes and regulations that support provision of services to children with PFD are identified. In addition, information from case law and administrative reviews further highlights the importance of attending to the rights and needs of children with PFD. Conclusions: The rights of all children with disabilities are established through statutes, regulations, and case law, and children with PFDs benefit from these rights. These requirements can guide SLPs in working with school teams, so that children with dysphagia can be found eligible for and receive school-based services for dysphagia. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The article focuses on the accessibility challenges faced by visually impaired individuals, particularly at street intersections, and the role of Accessible Pedestrian Signals (APS) in addressing these challenges. It discusses the legal framework provided by the Americans with Disabilities Act (ADA) and related statutes, examines relevant court cases, and advocates for the implementation of APS as a solution to enhance the independent navigation of blind and low-vision pedestrians.

The article focuses on the implications of the Cummings v. Premier Rehab Keller decision for Title II of the Americans with Disabilities Act (ADA). It mentions emotional distress damages under disability discrimination laws like Section 504 of the Rehabilitation Act and Section 1557 of the Patient Protection and Affordable Care Act. Topics include the historical and legal context of these statutes, the Court's reasoning in Cummings and the potential impact on future disability discrimination.

The overall aim of this study was to describe experiences of discrimination due to inaccessibility among people using mobility devices. We conducted a thematic qualitative analysis of 88 complaints about wheeled mobility device use, inaccessibility, and discrimination submitted to the Swedish Equality Ombudsman (DO) during 2015 and 2016. The analysis resulted in three themes: instigating change by invoking laws and regulations and highlighting lack of compliance; demanding to be recognised, understood, and listened to; and struggling for equal access and social participation. Regulations and treaties were invoked as the basis for complaints by people using mobility devices regarding their lack of access to physical environments and impediments to their enjoyment of their full right to participate in and contribute to society. The complaints described feelings of discrimination, the disadvantages and exclusion due to physical inaccessibility, and experiences of being prevented from living one's life as others do. Complaints filed by people using mobility devices showed that they were denied access to a wide range of contexts, including offices, theatres, restaurants, schools, and public transportation, though they desired to live an active and social life outside their homes. Filing a complaint was a way to take action, highlight present inaccessibility, and express a hope for change. Difficulties experienced by people using wheeled mobility devices can reveal knowledge important for revising existing design and renovation standards for housing and public buildings. Documenting facilitators and barriers in different environments is important for giving voice to the needs of wheeled mobility device users and revealing standards that need to be strongly enforced or revised. People using wheeled mobility devices should be supported in finding solutions in inaccessible environments, both to fulfil their wishes and to enable their participation in society. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]