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So keep to the English, Help others to rise, Leave the Indian behind you If you wish to grow wise. (2) PROLOGUE: CARLISLE POETS In 1913 a Carlisle student responded [...]

The Americanization of the Holocaust has encouraged some notable activists, purportedly acting on behalf of indigenous peoples, to present European colonization as a 'holocaust,' repackaging colonial history in starkly black-and-white terms. I pay particular attention to discussions in America and Canada over the genocidal implications of indigenous residential schooling. There is a twin danger involved. At one level the Holocaust is subjected to a process of trivialization. At another level, framing history through the Holocaust decontextualizes group histories by re-reading past victimization through a distinctive and different series of events. While comparing historical atrocities can be academically fruitful, activists will do better to highlight the traumatic effects of atrocities on individuals and families, noting their intergenerational legacies. This may be a better way of representing history, and of building bridges between diverse groups. Resume. L'americanisation de l'holocauste a encourage d'eminents activistes, pretendant agir au nom des autochtones, a presenter la colonisation europeenne comme un <>, reformulant ainsi l'histoire coloniale entermes crument arretes. Je porte une attention toute particuliere aux discussions menees au Canada et aux Etats-Unis concernant les implications genocides de la scolarite des autochtones en internat. Deux dangers se presentent. D'une part l'holocauste est expose a un processus de banalisation. D'autre part, formuler l'histoire par l'holocauste isole de leur contexte les histoires des groupes en relisant les persecutions passees sous le jour d'une serie d'evenements distinctive et differente. Bien qu'il soit intellectuellement utile de comparer les atrocites historiques, les activistes feront mieux de souligner les effets traumatisants des atrocites sur les individus et les familles et le triste heritage laisse aux generations suivantes. C'est peut-etre une meilleure facon de representer l'histoire et de faire des rapprochements entre des groupes divers.

Reports in The Stage of an 'American invasion in the theatre' and the New Statesman writing of 'our Americanized theatre' expressed widely shared fears that transatlantic values were adversely affecting the British theatre in the wake of the First World War. In this article, Paul Marshall examines the strategies employed by the Lord Chamberlain's Office as it carried out its duties of censorship in dealing with plays from or about the United States. The Censor perceived it as his duty to defend public morals from elements that would threaten and challenge the values associated with 'Englishness', and, drawing on the Lord Chamberlain's Correspondence now available in the British Library, Paul Marshall explores how the Lord Chamberlain of the time, Lord Cromer, his readers, and his advisory board viewed the threat of the American 'invasion'--their shared values, sometimes disputed verdicts, and the formal and informal influences that could be brought to bear upon them. Five 'case studies' look at their attitudes to particular plays about and from the USA. Paul Marshall presently teaches history at Bromley High School, Kent, having studied for an MA in Text and Performance Studies at King's College and RADA.

Peter Wood: Welcome to this final session of 'Our Country, Our Culture.' I will be moderating this panel on 'European/American Relations: Who Leads?' That question can be broached in several [...]

West German industrialists in the postwar era embraced American public and employee relations techniques while rejecting American egalitarian ideals. They thus created a successful model of labor relations that was a hybrid of American and traditionally German ideals.

Acculturation among Hispanic adolescents involves learning the behaviors, beliefs, and values of American culture. This study examined changes in cultural orientation across three generations of adolescents (N = 203). Results indicated that Hispanic cultural orientation decreases in a linear trend across the first three generations, whereas American cultural orientation increases linearly. These findings suggest that within a few generations, most Hispanic adolescents exhibit a predominant American culture orientation while maintaining some traces of their Hispanic cultural orientation. Although home culture orientation diminishes across generations, it does not disappear completely. In addition, adolescents still retained allegiance to their Hispanic familial values.

Issues discussed concern the political, social, and psychological nature of Latino identity among second and third generation Hispanic Americans. Topics addressed include the state's role in racializing minorities, ethnic and racial self-identification, and Latinos' perception of Americanization and what it means to be an American.

Issues examined concern the historical and social context of the Seattle Settlement House, a social settlement founded by Americanized and elite Jews in 1906 to help poor immigrant Jews of Sephardic or Ashkenazic origin. Topics discussed include the Anglo-American ideals of social work, as well as the adaptation of the Christian model of service by Jews.

Widespread belief in the Americanization of Australian society is an example of cultural imperialism. Research on Australian everyday culture focusing on the changes in cultural tastes was found in the contemporary young adults, the baby-boom generation, and Australians born in the years following World War I. Australians, however, retain a strong sense of national identity.

In this paper, I discuss the connection between Dewey's educational ideals, his philosophy more broadly, and his account of American identity. I contrast Dewey's ideas with those of some other [...]

This article considers the decline in the positive attitude toward the term 'assimilation' as an ideal for immigrant and minority groups in the United States, and it explores the period between World War I and the mid-1920s, during which assimilation moved from an ideal to a forceful policy, under the name 'Americanization.' During this period, attention was given almost exclusively to immigrants; blacks were totally ignored in the debate over assimilation and Americanization. Nevertheless, until the mid-1960s, the dominant black ideal for their future in the United States was assimilation. The failure of assimilation to work its effects on blacks as on immigrants, owing to the strength of American discriminatory and prejudiced attitudes and behavior toward blacks, has been responsible for throwing the entire assimilatory ideal and program into disrepute.

Post-1965 immigration to the United States has given rise to a vigorous literature focused on adult newcomers. There is, however, a growing new second generation whose prospects of adaptation cannot be gleaned from the experience of their parents or from that of children of European immigrants arriving at the turn of the century. We present data on the contemporary second generation and review the challenges that it confronts in seeking adaptation to American society. The concept of segmented assimilation is introduced to describe the diverse possible outcomes of this process of adaptation. The concept of modes of incorporation is used for developing a typology of vulnerability and resources affecting such outcomes. Empirical case studies illustrate the theory and highlight consequences of the different contextual situations facing today's second generation.

This paper examines the effects of social distance among a sample of immigrants in the process of becoming United States citizens. Using the Bogardus Social Distance Scale, a positive relationship was found between the degree of social distance and the likelihood of becoming a citizen. Social distance also serves as an important indicator of severity of initiation; the findings suggest that severity of initiation had a positive influence on reported satisfaction with life in America for those who became U. S. citizens. For those who did not become citizens, however, social distance had an inverse affect on satisfaction.

Immigrants adapt and change, becoming Americanized and liberated and so does the American society. English-immersion programs have helped immigrant children.

In October 1990 Aminata Diop, a 22 year old Malian woman, fled Mali to escape from an arranged marriage and genital mutilation. She took refuge in France and requested political [...]