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Robert T. Tally, Jr.'s 2023 book The Critical Situation: Vexed Perspectives in Postmodern Literary Studies, a collection of previously published essays, offers a remarkably coherent picture of post-Americanist critical agency with theoretical sophistication, political savvy, and humanist good humor. Spoiler alert: the bad guys are those who with self-satisfaction embrace what can be generalized under the banner of "post-theory." [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

RESUMEN\nEl poema Elegías de varones ilustres de India (1589–1601) del español naturalizado Juan de Castellanos (1522–1607), representa para muchos investigadores la voz colectiva de la sociedad colonial neogranadina. Esto permite plantear que el vocabulario patrimonial americanizado seleccionado por el autor sirva para identificar a las personas que pretendan formar parte de la hidalguía de Indias. El objetivo es analizar las designaciones patrimoniales y el contexto textual en los que aparecen. Esta investigación es parte de un proyecto más general que busca recoger, en textos coloniales, voces del fondo léxico patrimonial, antecedentes de los americanismos que aparecen en los diccionarios académicos del siglo XXI. Con esta premisa se han recogido 220 americanismos (no indoamericanismos) de los que cerca del 40% se acompaña de paráfrasis explicativas. Los resultados muestran un autor experto que glosa el vocabulario indiano informando de las modificaciones conceptuales del mismo, con una finalidad informativa o estética.The poem Elegías de varones ilustres de India (1589–1601) by the naturalized Spaniard Juan de Castellanos (1522–1607), represents for many researchers the collective voice of New Granada colonial society. This allows us to propose that the Americanized heritage vocabulary selected by the author represents part of the lexicon used by the nobility of the Indies. The objective is to analyze the heritage designations and the textual context in which they appear. This research is part of a more general project that seeks to collect, in colonial texts, voices from the heritage lexical background of the Americanisms that appear in academic dictionaries of the 21st century. With this premise, 220 Americanisms (not indo-americanisms) have been collected, of which nearly 40% are accompanied by explanatory paraphrases. The results show an expert author who glosses the Indian vocabulary, reporting its conceptual modifications, with an informative or aesthetic purpose. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Bulletin of Ablai Khan KazUIRandWL: Series 'Philological sciences' is the property of Kazakh Ablai Khan University of International Relations & World Languages and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Verb regularization is often characterized as a morphological Americanism in contemporary English. Using a synchronic approach, this study investigates the regular ‐ed vs. irregular ‐t alternation in preterites and past participles from British, American, and Nigerian Englishes. Although verb regularization patterns in Nigerian English are considered to be under the growing influence of American English, corpus evidence from the Global Web‐based English corpus and the International Corpus of English reveals that irregular ‐t variants remain prevalent in the written data. To examine the conditioning factors, a dataset of 1,643 annotated observations was subjected to probabilistic modelling. The results indicate that significant predictors of verb regularization behave heterogeneously in the three varieties, and there is some evidence for probabilistic indigenization in Nigerian English. These findings suggest that the role of prescriptivism in shaping the usage patterns of Nigerian users of English as a Second Language (ESL) can hardly be overlooked. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Since the onset of the 20th century, the United States of America has encountered persistent challenges in its quest to address the worldwide and transnational issue of terrorism. The primary objective of this study is to examine the determinants that contribute to the vulnerability of the United States to acts of terrorism, review the response of the United States to such attacks, and analyse the approaches taken by the country to strengthen its security infrastructure and perimeter defences. The present inquiry will adopt a systematic framework that integrates qualitative and quantitative research techniques. The primary objective of this research is to identify the key factors that contribute to the United States' susceptibility to transnational or international acts of terrorism. The concept of terrorism, which has generated considerable discourse, can be defined as "the intentional employment or demonstration of violence against non-combatants by an entity unaffiliated with a recognised state, for the purpose of achieving political objectives, often with the intention of inducing a wider psychological impact." The present state of the United States as a target of terrorist attacks, both domestically and internationally, is examined in this study. To ensure a comprehensive examination of the United States of America as a prospective target of terrorism, it is critical to construct a meticulously developed theoretical framework that duly accounts for the distinctive characteristics of the American environment. The theoretical framework being proposed integrates the concepts of "American Primacy," as introduced by Betts, and "anti-Americanism," as proposed by Rubinstein and Smith. By employing this theoretical framework, the predicament in which the United States of America is vulnerable to attacks by transnational or international terrorist organizations is more easily illuminated. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The formation of the global media space contributes to the active penetration of a different, non-Russian, culture in the domestic media, with one or another broadcast lifestyle having a great impact on the behaviour of young people, shaping, among other things, their oral and written speech through slang. Slang is a rather actively developing lexical layer, new slang units appear in the language every day, they reflect not only cultural values, priorities and aspirations of those who use them, but also demonstrate specific ways of shaping thinking. The study of American slang words and their influence on contemporary Russian youth is especially relevant in the context of information warfare. The authors examine slang words that are reflected in the Russian-language media and social networks, as well as the peculiarities of their influence on the cultural values of adolescents. The materials with slang words, posted from January 2019 to February 2022 in social networks TikTok, VKontakte, on the youth Internet portals QRU, Spletnik, Elle Girl were selected by the method of continuous sampling. The authors reveal their meaning in the context of the analysed publications and come to the conclusion that the active use of such slang units as, for example, crash, cheater, flex, ROFL indicates the priority of idleness in the leisure time of young people. At the same time, teenagers show a lack of interest in cultural leisure: there are no slang expressions for such activities as going to a museum, sightseeing, theatre, concert hall or library.

This article examines the work of Mexican diplomat and jurist Jorge Castañeda as an insight into the trajectory of international legal thought in the semi-periphery on international organizations. It argues that Castañeda adopted a distinct approach to international organizations law that foregrounds power asymmetries. The article considers three interventions made by Castañeda that express this semi-peripheral approach and have lasting relevance. First, it shows how, by focusing on the interests of small powers, Castañeda's work in the 1950s departed from functionalist optimism and stressed the tension between rule by international organizations and domestic rule, emphasizing the centrality of the reserved domain and drawing lessons for strategic legal engagement for small powers. Second, this article studies how Castañeda's concern for the cause of small powers shaped his views on regionalism, grounding his critique of Pan-Americanism and his vindication of the United Nations (UN) to attenuate the perils of regionalism. Third, this article retrieves Castañeda's defence of the UN General Assembly as a platform for international law-making, contextualizes it within the rise of decolonization and explores the implications for his earlier sceptical views about the expansion of UN powers. The article concludes by highlighting the significance of the thought of semi-peripheral jurists for any efforts aimed at re-theorizing international organizations. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The article analyzes Joaquín García Icazbalceta's Vocabulary of Mexicanisms, published in 1905, and its importance in compiling words and expressions specific to Mexico. García Icazbalceta searched for provincialisms in novels and popular poetry, as well as in dictionaries and encyclopedias. His lexicographic project aimed to provide evidence of the history and usage of Mexican lexicon. The Vocabulary is considered a historical document and a source for studying the use of words in Mexico. Additionally, the sources used by the author to compile these words and expressions are mentioned. García Icazbalceta's Vocabulary of Mexicanisms is a lexicographic and historiographic work that showcases the diversity and persistence of voices in Mexico and America. The article also mentions the grammatical categories and usage markers used in the dictionary, as well as the definitions and usage examples. The vocabulary offers a valuable insight into the dissemination of Spanish and indigenous words in America and is an essential document for studying the history of Americanisms. [Extracted from the article]

Copyright of Philologica Canariensia is the property of Philologica Canariensia and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

This essay takes up Gertrude Stein's war writing, her autobiographical Wars I Have Seen and later play Yes Is for a Very Young Man, in several registers. The first is Stein's record of her experience of the war itself toward the moment of liberation of her village by American troops on 1 September 1944. For Stein, this was the "Zero Hour" of liberation and new beginning—but also the end of unfreedom and compromise with the dark history of the Vichy Regime. In her third experimental autobiography, Stein reverses the form of the "continuous present" of The Making of Americans while including a wide range of historical references and personal reflections. The resulting construction of a "historical present," while written on a historical timeline,plays with conventional beginnings, middles, and ends. Stein's first reflections on war associate it with developmental stages of childhood, creating a ludic and a-rational account of war that allows her to distance herself from her earlier support of Marshall Pétain. The "middles" of her narrative describe the structural framework of surviving the war and the limited means for comprehending it as a present "unreality." With the coming of Americans, its "end," unreality becomes real and Stein's narrative steps into the light of freedom associated with American democracy—and a new moment of media celebrity. In this historical limelight, she writes her only "realist" play, Yes Is for a Very Young Man, based on the contradictions of living within the Occupation, a vacillation between Collaboration and Resistance projected onto her characters. Stein thus fashions an historical allegory to explain to audiences at home the complexities of Occupation from her post-Zero Hour moment of triumphant Americanism. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The article discusses how different forms of the word struggling express and evoke meanings that represent emergent bilingual learners as capable or incapable. Topics include encourage language arts educators who work with emergent bilinguals and users of languages other than Standard American English to reflect on how we use the word struggling.

Some in US President Woodrow Wilson's administration saw an opening to seize several opportunities in 1914 to present the United States as a hemispheric unifier offering an alternative for war-torn Europe. Since an international convention or a negotiated solution in Europe seemed unlikely, the US tried to establish a peace agreement for the western hemisphere to universalise American international law and multilateralise the Monroe Doctrine in a way that would mutually recognise each American republic's sovereignty and territorial integrity and demonstrate to Europe that a negotiated peace was possible. This article analyses the emergence of the idea of the Pan-American Peace Pact and its regional and global significance in view of the League of Nations that was later established. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Analizamos El español en Paraguay de Manuel Alvar. Desentrañamos del Atlas aquellas voces que el hablante de España desconoce, los americanismos, y los cotejamos con el Diccionario de la Academia y con el Diccionario de Americanismos de la misma Institución. Además, las hemos comparado con los diccionarios paraguayos existentes. Todo ello para que salgan a la luz voces desconocidas en España o términos cuya localización es insuficiente en las obras lexicográficas.

Copyright of Scripta is the property of Scripta and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

The idea of anti-imperialism lacks conceptual and practical homogeneity which can be appealed by different political doctrines and ideological currents. This work aims to characterize the intellectual trajectory of anti-imperialist thought in the Chilean Socialist Party (PS), recognizing its originality, moments of change, and continuities during the period between 1933 and 1967. Far from doctrinal and discursive homogeneity, the different interpretations on this topic are inseparable from the changes in international reality due to internal debate between the socialist intelligentsia, concerned about the dynamics of imperialist penetration in Latin America and the Third World. From that point of view, socialists support and subscribe to different nationalist and antiimperialist programs that linked the national political process with the dynamics of the international system. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of IBEROAMERICANA. América Latina - España - Portugal is the property of Vervuert Verlag and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Despite frequent associations with Tropicália, Brazilian writer and multimedial artist José Agrippino de Paula has received little critical attention in comparison to other alternative artists associated with the cultural movement. Drawing on Christopher Dunn's exploration of Brazilian counterculture's contradictory relationship to consumerism and cultural dependence, this article examines how Agrippino's anti-novel PanAmérica (1967) and his originallycensored play As Nações Unidas (2019) diverge from his contemporaries' approaches to pan-Latin American identity by ironically appearing to embrace both consumer culture and the US cultural industry. Viewing Agrippino's violent eschewal of genre conventions through the prism of cultura marginal, I contextualize his challenge to contemporary cultural approaches to nationalism before demonstrating how As Nações Unidas acts as a companion piece to PanAmérica that provides new clues for decoding his timely societal critique. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Moenia: Revista Lucense de Lingüística & Literatura is the property of Universidad de Santiago de Compostela, Servicio de Publicaciones and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Ayer: Revista de Historia Contemporánea is the property of Asociacion de Historia Contemporanea and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

This article deals with a current linguistic topic in the field of the French fashion-related vocabulary, that is the abundance of words borrowed from the British and American English covering all grammatical categories. The number of such words borrowed from English is becoming increasingly higher due to the technological and scientific progress. Their massive presence in languages and fields around the world is caused by one’s necessity to name various newlyappeared realities. Anglicisms are thus « fashionable » and have established themselves as a « trend » in the field of fashion-related vocabulary too. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This article builds on the Linguistic Society of America's Statement on Race to argue that linguistics urgently needs an interdisciplinarily informed theoretical engagement with race and racism. To be adequate, a linguistic theory of race must incorporate the perspectives of linguistic researchers of different methodological approaches and racial backgrounds and must also draw on theories of race in neighboring fields, including anthropology, sociology, and psychology, as well as speech and hearing sciences, composition and literacy studies, education, and critical interdisciplinary race studies. The lack of comprehensive and up-to-date theoretical, analytical, and political understandings of race within linguistics not only weakens research by erasing, marginalizing, and misrepresenting racially minoritized groups, but it also diminishes the impact of the entire field by devaluing and excluding the intellectual contributions of researchers of color, whose work on this topic is rarely welcome within linguistics departments. The article therefore argues for a rethinking of both linguistic scholarship and linguistics as a discipline in more racially inclusive and socially just terms. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This article explores four works produced by the American Negro Theatre (ANT) for stage and radio between September 1945 and July 1946 – Arthur Laurents's The Face (1945), Samuel J. Kootz's Home Is the Hunter (1945–46), Erik Barnouw's The Story They'll Never Print (1946), and Seán O'Casey's Juno and the Paycock (1946) – arguing that they collectively constitute a coherent, if uneven, set of responses to what ANT co-founder and director Abram Hill had called in September 1945 "one of the most pressing questions facing the world today: What is the reaction of the returning Negro GI to his land of democracy?" This essay identifies the interrelatedness of these four works and draws on archival sources to pay close attention to the production of Juno (which has never previously been discussed at length or in connection with the ANT's other returning veteran dramas). Analysing the ANT's Juno as an oblique "returning Negro soldier drama" that critically retools what Judith Smith terms "trading places" stories of the immediate post-war years, this essay further contends that the company trod a fine line between an explicit and an implicit critique of the United States, protesting against "American homespun fascists" and asserting the ordinariness of African American soldiers. While this strategy sometimes risked opacity, it invited astute audiences to make connections that were inferred rather than asserted and thus circumvented accusations of anti-Americanism. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Revista de Indias is the property of Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Cientificas and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Synchronic variation between British English and American English ranges from pronunciation, vocabulary, and grammar to spelling. Since synchronic variation results from language change, diachronic observations of the language are necessary for a meaningful account of linguistic variation. This study traces the origin of the difference in spelling between the two varieties of English, American and British, by putting a special focus on the attempts at spelling reform that intensified in America after its independence. The attempts, also collectively called the simplified spelling movement, can be characterized as one of the pursuits of Americanism as well as American English. The movement stemmed from the connection of linguistic nationalism with linguistic demands for a correspondence of orthography with actual pronunciation. This paper aims to identify spelling reform proposals made in the latter half of the 18th century by Noah Webster, one of the most influential reformers, and by the Filology [sic] Committee of the Simplified Spelling Board in the early 20th century. Their attempts are described from a corpus linguistic perspective that identifies in an empirical manner failed proposals as well as successful innovations introduced in the creation of American English. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The article looks at the specific features of the usage of borrowed Anglicisms in Russian texts and their perception by native speakers of Russian. Analysis of relevant linguistic studies in the sphere of media linguistics and borrowings, media texts, as well as lexicographic resources capturing the expansion of the thesaurus of the Russian language due to borrowings, shows that one of the stylistic features of the modern media is a growing number of only partly assimilated borrowings from the English language, including lexemes that form the value system guiding native speakers of the recipient language. The purpose of introducing borrowings into media texts is the attraction of the audience's attention. However, it appears that the effect produced by borrowings on an average recipient is controversial. In order to test the suggested hypothesis, the authors examine the specific features of the usage of partly assimilated borrowings in media texts that refer to the issues of tolerance and their derivatives (bullying, cyberbullying, abuse, ageism, etc.). In the course of the research, the authors analyzed dictionary definitions of these lexemes, their representation in the Russian National Corpus, texts published by large Russian publishing houses and posted online, which helped to make conclusions regarding the degree of assimilation, frequency and specific features of the usage of these lexemes in media texts. The problem of perception of Anglicisms by various gender and age groups is examined on the basis of the analysis of comments to media texts containing borrowings, the statistics of corresponding search engine requests and survey results. The research has shown that the attitude to borrowings depends on the age, gender and education of the recipient and their usage in the media is not always reasonable. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this paper we analyze El español en Paraguay by Manuel Alvar. We untangle from the Atlas those Americanisms that Spanish speakers do not know, and we compare them with the ones collected in both the Diccionario of the Royal Academy of Spanish Language, and the Diccionario de Americanismos from the same institution. In addition, we have compared those words with the ones collected in current Paraguayan dictionaries. The result is that unknown voices in Spain - or terms whose location is hard to define in lexicographical works - come to light. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Cuadernos de Historia Contemporanea is the property of Universidad Complutense de Madrid and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)