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The analysis of semi-products at diff erent stages of production and fi nished medicinal products is an integral part of an eff ective quality assurance system for pharmaceutical production. The traditional methods used in the pharmaceutical fi eld, such as capillary electrophoresis, gas and liquid chromatography, are quite versatile and eff ective. However, they are distinguished by the high cost of instrumentation and component materials, the need to use high-purity solvents, the lack of mobility and the possibility of in situ studies. Such shortcomings can be overcome by using the digital colorimetry method. Its signifi cant popularization has been facilitated by the development of portable and personal electronic devices, among which the smartphone can be distinguished. The aim of the work was to develop a fast and simple method for the determination of a number of polypeptide antibiotics in drugs by digital colorimetry using a smartphone as a color recording device. To implement the solid phase fl uorimetric determination of polypeptide antibiotics, HPTLC plates based on silica gel with an aluminum substrate were used as a matrix. Under these conditions, the fl uorescence of actinomycin D, virginiamycin M1, virginiamycin S1, and novobiocin was observed when exposed to monochromatic radiation in the UV part of the spectrum (365 nm). The measurement of fl uorescence intensity on the surface of the matrices was carried out using a smartphone. Calibration characteristics were constructed for the determination of polypeptide antibiotics in the concentration range of 32–500 μg/mL. The method for assessing the quality of fi nished drugs was tested on commercial products “Piostacin”, “Cosmegen”, “Dactinomycin” purchased in retail chains. The relative standard deviation of the analysis results does not exceed 0.05. The duration of the analysis was 10–15 min. Based on the results of the studies, the paper presents a method for determining some antibiotics of the polypeptide series by the intrinsic fl uorescence of deposited solutions on a solid substrate during treatment with monochromatic UV radiation. The experimental delivery conditions used allow the analysis of drugs based on actinomycin D, virginiamycin M1, virginiamycin S1, and novobiocin.

We propose a UV device, fabricated by 3D printing, designed for dairy product analysis (including drinking milk, cottage cheese, kefir, sour cream, and butter), coupled with a smartphone with the PhotoMetrix PRO.sup.® software. This approach incorporates one-dimensional and multivariate analysis techniques, including principal components analysis, to facilitate the identification, authentication, and detection of the potential adulteration of dairy products., Author(s): V. G. Amelin [sup.1] , Z. A. Ch. Shogah [sup.1] , A. V. Tretyakov [sup.1] Author Affiliations: (1) The Russian State Center for Animal Feed and Drug Standardization and [...]

This review is dedicated to the application of capillary electrophoresis to assess the quality and safety of food products., Author(s): D. S. Bolshakov [sup.1] , V. G. Amelin [sup.2] Author Affiliations: (1) Center for Hygiene and Epidemiology in the Vladimir region, , 600005, Vladimir, Russia (2) All-Russian State Center [...]

The review covers the current status and prospects for the development of digital colorimetry using a smartphone as a color recording device. The applications of the rapid analysis methodology for the control of environmental samples, biological fluids, food products, drugs, and some specific samples are systematized. Various approaches are considered, ensuring the formation of an analytical signal in digital colorimetry. The capabilities (advantages and disadvantages) of a smartphone equipped with various software products make it a universal, mobile, rapid, and sensitive tool in the analysis of various samples., Author(s): Z. A. C. Shogah [sup.1] , D. S. Bolshakov [sup.2] , V. G. Amelin [sup.1] Author Affiliations: (1) grid.171855.f, 0000 0000 9825 6119, Vladimir State University, , 600000, Vladimir, [...]

A simple and an available method is proposed for the identification and authentication of milk using a test device, a smartphone, and chemometric analysis. For the identification by the region of origin and the species of milk (cow, goat, sheep, etc.) and authentication (authenticity, falsification of milk), acid-base indicator papers and test papers are used to determine the total hardness and total alkalinity of water and chloride and sulfate ions. Two indicator systems are proposed. In the first test system, 16 indicator zones are used, of which 12 zones are acid-base indicators with a color change in the pH range of 3-9, and 4 are indicator zones, the color change of which depends on the concentration of calcium ions and chloride, sulfate, carbonate, and hydrocarbonate ions. The second test system uses fluorescent indicators, as well as the intrinsic fluorescence of milk on cellulose paper and a thin silica layer. In this case, the indicator zones of the matrix are irradiated with monochromatic ultraviolet light (365 nm) after applying milk samples to them. A device and a method for measuring the colorimetric characteristics of test systems using a smartphone are proposed. The data array (the sum of the RGB channel values) is processed using the XLSTAT software. The use of chemometric analysis made it possible to establish the authenticity of milk, identify it by the region of origin, and reveal facts of milk falsification by dilution with water, the use of vegetable fats, and emulsification with surfactants. The manufacturers of pasteurized milk were identified and a possibility of determining its fat content by the data array of RGB colorimetric parameters is proved., Author(s): V. G. Amelin [sup.1] [sup.2] , Z. A. Ch. Shogah [sup.1] , D. S. Bol'shakov [sup.3] , A. V. Tret'yakov [sup.2] Author Affiliations: (1) grid.171855.f, 0000 0000 9825 6119, [...]

We present a review of methods for the sample preparation and determination of residual amounts of antibiotics in environmental samples and food products: aminoglycosides, amphenicols, glycopeptides, diaminopyrimidines, ionophores, lincosamides, macrolides, nitroimidazoles, nitrofurans, penicillins, pleuromutilins, polypeptides, sulfonamides, tetracyclines, quinolones, quinoxalines, and cephalosporins. Approaches for their individual and group determination are considered. High-performance and ultra-high-performance liquid chromatography with mass spectrometric detection are mainly used for the group determination of residual amounts of antibiotics of various classes. Promising methods of sample preparation are QuEChERS, dispersive liquid-liquid microextraction, and solid-phase extraction., Author(s): O. I. Lavrukhina [sup.1] [sup.2] , V. G. Amelin [sup.1] [sup.2] , L. K. Kish [sup.1] , A. V. Tretyakov [sup.1] , T. D. Pen'kov [sup.1] Author Affiliations: (1) [...]

A test device based on cellulose paper is proposed for the identification and classification of natural mineral waters. It contains indicator zones for determining total hardness, alkalinity, and pH of water, and also concentrations of chlorides and sulfates. The colorimetric parameters of the indicator zones of the test device after its contact with test water are determined using a smartphone. The analytical signal (A.sub.r) is presented by the values of the colorimetric parameters of each indicator zone in the RGB system: [Formula omitted] The data array is processed by principal component analysis and hierarchical cluster analysis using the XLSTAT software. The identification and classification of 33 na-tural mineral waters (eight of which were carbonated) was performed., Author(s): V. G. Amelin [sup.1], Z. A. Ch. Shogah [sup.1] Author Affiliations: (1) grid.171855.f, 0000 0000 9825 6119, Vladimir State University, , 600000, Vladimir, Russia Digital colorimetry is increasingly used [...]

A possibility of determining antibacterial preparations of the tetracycline series (tetracycline, doxycycline, oxytetracycline, demeclocycline, methacycline and chlortetracycline) in waste water, natural waters, and milk by the sensitized fluorescence of europium on its hydroxide using digital colorimetry (smartphone) is studied. It is found that europium(III) forms complexes with tetracyclines in an alkaline medium, and the formation of the europium hydroxide precipitate does not change its fluorescence properties. The colorimetric parameters of the precipitate after centrifugation are measured using a smartphone. The limits of detection and determination are 0.001-0.004 and 0.005-0.01 [micro]g/mL, respectively, for all analytes. The analytical ranges are 0.005 (0.08)-0.1 (1) [micro]g/mL. The calibration curves are linear, R.sup.2 [greater than or equal to] 0.98. A procedure for determining the total concentration of tetracyclines in waste water, natural waters, and milk is proposed. The duration of analysis is 20-30 min; the relative standard deviation of the results of analysis does not exceed 20%., Author(s): V. G. Amelin [sup.1] [sup.2], Z. A. Ch. Shogah [sup.1], D. S. Bol'shakov [sup.2] Author Affiliations: (1) grid.171855.f, 0000 0000 9825 6119, Vladimir State University, , 600000, Vladimir, Russia [...]

A simple and an available method is proposed for the determination of quinolone antibiotics using solid-phase fluorescence digital colorimetry. The intrinsic fluorescence of 17 quinolones and the quinolone-sensitizedfluorescence of europium on cellulose paper (CP) and a thin silica layer are studied. Upon the irradiation of quinolone solutions applied to a matrix with ultraviolet light (365 nm), blue (CP, high-performance thin-layer chromatography (HPTLC)) and pink (CP-Eu, HPTLC-Eu) fluorescence is observed. Measurement of the fluorescence intensity on the surface of matrices is carried out using a smartphone. The values of colorimetric parameters in the RGB system are used as the analytical signal (A.sub.r): A.sub.r = [Formula omitted] The limits of detection and determination are 0.2-4 and 0.6-12 [micro]g/mL, respectively, for all analyzed analytes. The analytical ranges are 0.6-500 [micro]g/mL. A procedure for the determination of fluoroquinolones in medicinal preparations is proposed. The relative standard deviation of the results of analysis does not exceed 5%., Author(s): V. G. Amelin [sup.1] [sup.2], Z. A. Ch. Shogah [sup.1], D. S. Bol'shakov [sup.2] Author Affiliations: (1) grid.171855.f, 0000 0000 9825 6119, Vladimir State University, , 600000, Vladimir, Russia [...]

Author(s): V. G. Amelin [sup.1] [sup.2], Z. A. Ch. Shogah [sup.1], D. S. Bol'shakov [sup.2] Author Affiliations: (1) grid.171855.f, 0000 0000 9825 6119, Vladimir State University, , 600000, Vladimir, Russia [...], A method is proposed for the identification of surfactants by ultra-performance liquid chromatography (UPLC) with high-resolution mass spectrometry detection after screening water and food samples for the total concentration of cationic and anionic surfactants by microextraction-fluorimetry. The method is based on the use of dispersive liquid-liquid microextraction with chloroform of surfactant ion pairs with organic reagents (eosin and acridine yellow), measuring the fluorescence of the obtained adducts using a smartphone, obtaining RGB colorimetric characteristics, and determining the total surfactant concentration. The main analytical characteristics of the identification of cationic surfactants (alkylpyrdinium, alkyltrimethylammonium, alkyldimethylbenzylammonium (benzalkonium), alkylmethylethylbenzylammonium, didecyldimethylammonium, benzyldimethyl[3-(myristoylamino)propyl]ammonium, N,N-bis(3-aminopropyl)dodecylamine chlorides) and anionic surfactants (alkyl benzene sulfonates (sulfonol), alkyl sulfates, laureth sulfates, alkyl sulfonates, and sodium alkyl carboxylates) by chromatography-mass spectrometry under the selected conditions of chromatographic separation and mass spectrometric detection are found. The features of the chromatographic behavior of the surfactant polymerhomologs under the conditions of UPLC and gradient elution are considered.

Author(s): V. G. Amelin [sup.1] [sup.2], Z. A. Ch. Shogah [sup.1], D. S. Bol'shakov [sup.2] Author Affiliations: (1) grid.171855.f, 0000 0000 9825 6119, Vladimir State University, , 600000, Vladimir, Russia [...], A method is proposed for the determination of cationic and anionic surfactants in food products based on the use of dispersive liquid-liquid microextraction of surfactant ion pairs with organic reagents (eosin and acridine yellow) and measurements of the colorimetric parameters of the fluorescence of extracts using a smartphone. Upon the irradiation of the extracts of ion pairs anionic surfactant-acridine yellow and cationic surfactant-eosin with ultraviolet light (365 nm), green and yellow fluorescence were observed, respectively. The analytical signal (A.sub.r) was the value of the colorimetric parameters in the RGB system: A.sub.r = [Formula omitted] Procedures for determining the total amount of surfactants in food products (milk, vegetables and fruits, meat, and drinking water) are developed using an example of cetylpyridinium, myristalconium, benzalkonium, didecyldimethylammonium, alkyldimethyl(ethylbenzyl)ammonium, dodecyl sulfate and sodium alkylbenzenesulfonate chlorides. The limits of detection and quantification are in the ranges 0.005-0.05 and 0.01-0.1 mg/L, respectively. Calibration graphs are linear in the concentration range 0.01-1 mg/L with approximation confidence coefficients [greater than or equal to]0.99. The duration of analysis is 20-30 min; the relative standard deviation of the results of analysis does not exceed 0.24.

Author(s): V. G. Amelin [sup.1] [sup.2], D. S. Bol'shakov [sup.2] Author Affiliations: (1) grid.171855.f, 0000 0000 9825 6119, Vladimir State University, , 600000, Vladimir, Russia (2) grid.494067.8, Federal Centre for [...], We proposed a procedure for the identification and determination of nonionic surfactants in natural waters by ultra-HPLC with high-resolution mass spectrometry detection. The main analytical characteristics of the determination of the most common nonionic surfactants-alkylphenol ethoxylates and alkyloxyethoxylates-are found by the proposed method. The main adducts of polymer homologues of the determined surfactants, formed under electrospray ionization, are considered. To extract analytes from natural water samples, we used dispersive liquid-liquid microextraction with a mixture of trichloromethane and acetonitrile. A possibility of the determination of nonionic surfactants by the direct electrospray of a prepared sample into a mass spectrometer is considered. The limits of quantification of surfactants under the selected conditions varied from 0.1 to 0.5 ng/mL; the analytical range was from 1 to 1000 ng/mL. The relative standard deviation of the results did not exceed 15%. The duration of the identification of sample components was 30 min; the determination of the detected analytes took 1 h.

Author(s): V. G. Amelin [sup.1] [sup.2], D. S. Bol'shakov [sup.2], I. V. Podkolzin [sup.2] Author Affiliations: (1) grid.171855.f, 0000 0000 9825 6119, Vladimir State University, , 600000, Vladimir, Russia (2) [...], We developed procedures for the rapid screening and sensitive determination of residues of 19 [beta]-lactam antibiotics in matrices of various food products (meat, kidneys, liver, bacon, milk, eggs, honey) using ultrahigh-performance liquid chromatography-high-resolution quadrupole time-of-flight mass spectrometry. Acetonitrile was used to precipitate proteins and extract analytes; the extract was used for analysis without further purification. Identification was performed by exact masses and retention times of analyte ions and by assessing the ion isotope distribution (mSigma). Penicillins form positively charged protonated adducts with methanol, while cephalosporins form protonated ions or adducts with sodium. We estimated matrix effect in the analysis of various samples. The matrix effect is slightly different for milk, meat, liver, kidneys, eggs, and salted pork fat (RSD [less than or equal to] 7%) and significantly different for honey. The detected analytes were quantified both by the standard addition method and using matrix calibration (RSD [less than or equal to] 5%). The recovery of [beta]-lactam antibiotics from different matrices in two versions of sample preparation ranged from 75 to 110%; RSD [less than or equal to] 11% under the conditions of matrix calibration. The limits of detection were 0.05-5 ng/g; the analytical ranges were from 1-10 to 200 ng/g (R.sup.2 [greater than or equal to] 0.99); the duration of screening the samples was 15-20 min; the duration of the analysis of the samples was 20-30 min.

Author(s): V. G. Amelin [sup.1] [sup.2], N. M. Avdeeva [sup.1] Author Affiliations: (Aff1) Federal Center for Animal Health, , 600901, Vladimir, Russia (Aff2) 0000 0000 9825 6119, grid.171855.f, Vladimir State [...], A procedure is developed for the rapid screening and sensitive determination of penicillins G and V in vegetables and fruits using ultra-high-performance liquid chromatographyâquadrupole time-of-flight high resolution mass spectrometry for exact masses of ions of protonated penicillin adducts with methanol. A simple and quick method of sample preparation (simplified QuEChERS method) is proposed for the analysis of fruits and vegetables (oranges, lemons, plums, pears, peaches, cabbage, potatoes, onions, carrots, beets, avocados, cucumbers, tomatoes, eggplants). Identification is carried out by the exact ion masses of analytes, retention time, and the pattern of the isotope distribution of ions (mSigma). Because of the significant matrix effect, analysis should be performed by the method of standard additions, by internal standard method (oxacillin), or using matrix grading. The limits of detection were 0.05â0.3 ng/g, the analytical ranges were 0.2 (0.9)â10 ng/g (R.sup.2 [greater than or equal to] 0.99), the duration of analysis was 15â20 min, RSD [less than or equal to] 10%.

We propose a UV device, fabricated by 3D printing, designed for dairy product analysis (including drinking milk, cottage cheese, kefir, sour cream, and butter), coupled with a smartphone with the PhotoMetrix PRO® software. This approach incorporates one-dimensional and multivariate analysis techniques, including principal components analysis, to facilitate the identification, authentication, and detection of the potential adulteration of dairy products. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]