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En las cosmovisiones amazónicas, el equilibrio en las relaciones entre humanos y no humanos es central para el bienestar de las comunidades más-que-humanas, lo cual coincide con movimientos ambientalistas actuales. Lamentablemente, no hay suficientes estudios sobre las cosmovisiones amazónicas en medios urbanos como, por ejemplo, murales. En este artículo, analizo una selección de murales de artistas de orígenes diversos reunidos por la asociación Amazonarte Perú y ubicados en la ciudad amazónica de Pucallpa. Sostengo que, cuando los murales son entendidos desde las mismas cosmovisiones amazónicas y el perspectivismo amerindio que las sintetiza, revelan una original resiliencia socioecológica por los derechos culturales y territoriales de los pueblos indígenas amazónicos. Los murales no solo superan la dicotomía naturaleza/cultura y son el resultado de alianzas entre indígenas y no indígenas, sino que también trascienden el concepto de “representación” al mostrar y  materializar la subjetividad y la agencia de los no humanos a través del arte urbano.

Understanding forest water limitation during droughts within a warming climate is essential for accurate predictions of forest-climate interactions. In hyperdiverse ecosystems like the Amazon forest, the mechanisms shaping hysteresis patterns in transpiration relative to environmental factors are not well understood. From this perspective, we investigated these dynamics by conducting in situ leaf-level measurements throughout and after the 2015 El Niño-Southern Oscillation (ENSO) drought. Our findings indicate a substantial increase in the hysteresis area (Harea) among transpiration (E), vapor pressure deficit (VPD), and stomatal conductance (gs) at canopy level during the ENSO peak, attributed to both temporal lag and differences in magnitude between gs and VPD peaks. Specifically, the canopy species Pouteria anomala exhibited an increased Harea, due to earlier maximum gs rates leading to a greater temporal lag with VPD compared to the post-drought period. Additionally, leaf water potential (ΨL) and canopy temperature (Tcanopy) showed larger Harea during the ENSO peak compared to post-drought conditions across all studied species, suggesting that stomatal closure, particularly during the afternoon, acts to minimize water loss and may explain the counterclockwise hysteresis observed between ΨL and Tcanopy. The pronounced Harea during the drought points to a potential imbalance between water supply and demand, underlining the role of stomatal behavior of isohydric species in response to drought.

Sylviocarcinus pictus is a freshwater crab widely distributed across the Amazon basin and coastal basins of northern South America. In the Xingu River basin, Pará, Brazil, the species is found from its middle portion up to the confluence with the Amazon River. This extensive distribution led to questions about the influence of the Volta Grande do Xingu rapids on genetic diversification between populations above and below this area. To explore this hypothesis, 39 mitochondrial gene sequences (COI and 16S rRNA) from 22 samples collected from both areas were analysed in a phylogeographic context. Bayesian Inference and haplotype networks revealed at least two genetically distinct lineages of S. pictus in the Xingu River. The resulting genetic structure found within these populations raised questions about the taxonomic cohesion of the taxon and the potential existence of cryptic species that warrant further investigation. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first molecular study on the genetic structure of a Sylviocarcinus species from the Amazon basin. Given the novelty and the underestimated diversity in this region, we advocate for additional studies on morphological and taxonomic approaches about this taxon to contribute to a future understanding of the evolutionary history of the genus. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Boletín Latinoamericano y del Caribe de Plantas Medicinales y Aromáticas is the property of Universidad de Santiago de Chile and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

In Loreto, Peru's largest Amazonian region, forest transport permits (or FTP) are the privileged accounting infrastructures by which the Peruvian state seeks to bring transparency to logging by making tropical timber traceable, thus securing its legality and sustainability in a context of rising national and international concern with tropical rainforests. But while FTP are often imagined as a means to secure a future where traceable forest facts can be established with certainty, they have also been enduringly suspected as artifacts prone to manipulation and deceit. In this article, I follow FTP as a way to explore the political temporality of forest facts in Peru's tropical rainforests. I argue that foregrounding the ambivalent ontologies of FTP as both reliable accounting infrastructures and treacherous manipulable things allows us to appreciate the ways in which the past and the future are articulated in conflicting ways in the context of massive technocratic innovations in the governance of Peru's tropical logging. By focusing on the political lives of a humble paper document, I thus examine how traceability becomes a fundamental condition of facticity as emerging regimes of global environmental governance drive the expansion of state data infrastructures onto previously untraceable terrains. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

State-led initiatives to nationalize Brazilian Amazonia during the interwar period framed uncontrolled human mobility as a significant threat to state and property interests that needed to be managed. As political centralization intensified disparities and decision-making power in the region, a culture of internal-migrant resilience became stronger. By focusing on dynamics taking place in Manaus, the city of the forest, this article shows that the ability of self-driven people-on-the-move to navigate fraught environments and negotiate socioeconomic inequality was crucial not only during the economic rubber boom but also in the 1920s and 1930s, particularly throughout Amazonia's rubber crisis. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Branchiura are a crustacean parasite widely known around the world as fish lice. In South America, they have been most studied in Brazil as with high levels of infestation, the parasites can be harmful to the health of fish and cause economic losses in fish farms. The objective of the present study is to provide, for the first time, significant information about the parasitic indices, infestation sites, and morphology of Dolops carvalhoi, and to report the appearance of a new host in the Amazon region of Peru. A total of 24 specimens of Colossoma macropomum, Piaractus brachypomus, and Calophysus macropterus from fish farms were individually analyzed to identify the presence of the ectoparasites. The Branchiura collected from the body surfaces of the fish were separated according to sex, the parasitic indices were calculated, and the parasites were clarified in 90% lactic acid for taxonomic identification. They were also preserved in 2.5% glutaraldehyde, and dehydration and critical point procedures were applied by scanning electron microscopy to visualize the detailed structures. The taxa identified was D. carvalhoi, which had a prevalence of 64.7%, a mean intensity of 1.6, and a mean abundance of 1 parasite/fish in C. macropterus; a prevalence of 100%, a mean intensity, and mean abundance of 2.8 parasites/fish in P. brachypomus; and a prevalence of 100%, but a mean intensity and mean abundance of 15 parasites/fish in C. macropomum. The pectoral and dorsal fins and the urogenital opening had the highest occurrence of D. carvalhoi in the host. Dolops carvalhoi has sexual dimorphism, and we reported for the first time the infestation of this parasite in leather fish C. macropterus. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Revista Ciência & Saúde Coletiva is the property of Associacao Brasileira de Pos-Graduacao em Saude Coletiva and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

In Indigenous Amazonian life-worlds, plants used for diverse purposes such as protecting, harming, seducing and curing are sometimes considered to be 'plant persons', imbued with special kinds of subjectivity. In examining plant animism in Amazonia, we consider case studies of the knowledge and use of toxic, medicinal and charm plants from two distinctive societies – the Makushi people of Guyana (Daly) and the Matsigenka of Peru (Shepard). We have focused on the chemosensory modes of communication (taste, odour, texture, etc.) that shape Makushi and Matsigenka interactions with plants, with a particular emphasis on bitterness, causticity and other toxic properties that often embody a plant's power to heal or harm. Here, we delve deeper into Makushi understandings and uses of shamanic plants within the category of bina 'charms', exploring how their animacy is entangled with chemosensory properties, phytochemical components and modes of preparation and administration. We also revisit Matsigenka knowledge, concepts and uses of various bamboo species, revealing a complex interpenetration between tactile and chemical perceptions, phenological cycles and eco-cosmological elaborations. Using these cross-cultural examples, we show plant animacy can be expressed through sensorial and ecosemiotic processes of embodiment and ensoulment which defy Cartesian mind/body, nature/culture and subject/object dualisms. In order to fully comprehend plants, we suggest a deeper engagement between anthropology and the natural sciences. Indigenous perspectives on plant animacy raise far-reaching questions about the meanings of body, soul and non-human agency in Indigenous Amazonia, contributing to the relevance of anthropology and ethnobiology in the critical context of the Anthropocene. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Environmental & Social Management Journal / Revista de Gestão Social e Ambiental is the property of Environmental & Social Management Journal and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Environmental & Social Management Journal / Revista de Gestão Social e Ambiental is the property of Environmental & Social Management Journal and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Environmental & Social Management Journal / Revista de Gestão Social e Ambiental is the property of Environmental & Social Management Journal and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Environmental & Social Management Journal / Revista de Gestão Social e Ambiental is the property of Environmental & Social Management Journal and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

New taxonomic and faunistic data on spiders of Ecuador are provided, based on a small set of previously unstudied specimens collected at Tiputini Biodiversity Station in Orellana. These specimens belong to five species in three families: Anapistula tiputiana sp. n. (♀; Symphytognathidae) and Pseudanapis yasunica sp. n. (♂; Anapidae) are described as new to science, and the hersiliids Neotama obatala Rheims & Brescovit, 2004, Ypypuera crucifera (Vellard, 1924) and Y. vittata (Simon, 1887) are newly recorded in Ecuador. Illustrations are provided for all treated species.

RESUMO Na imaginação popular a Amazônia é um bioma natural, o que nega a existência e agência dos Povos Indígenas que chegaram há pelo menos 13 mil anos. Este ensaio demonstra que a Amazônia é uma teia de interações socioecológicas, como resultado da domesticação de paisagens e de populações de espécies. As práticas envolvidas na domesticação de paisagens são simples, embora baseadas em conhecimento profundo, e respeitam não humanos. Os Povos Indígenas combinam horticultura e domesticação de paisagens, bem como sedentarismo e mobilidade. Os Mebêngôkre (Kayapó) e Baniwa praticam mais horticultura, enquanto os Nukak e Zo’é são mais móveis, e a domesticação de suas paisagens reflete essas diferenças. Florestas domesticadas produzem alimentos tanto quanto roças e capoeiras, todas levam a manutenção ou regeneração da floresta. Essas práticas sugerem que as sociedades nacional e global podem aprender a produzir alimentos com a floresta em pé, o que contribuiria a mitigar os efeitos do Antropoceno.

RESUMO O artigo, elaborado por um autor do povo Tuyuka, apresenta a visão do território amazônico como tõkowiseri - uma casa cerimonial que faz borbulhar a vida. Essa visão resulta das compreensões milenares das cosmovivências kumuánicas, bayaroánicas e yawánicas, isto é, dos especialistas (kumua, baya e yaiwa) que cuidam dos patamares cósmicos e todos os seus habitantes. Os povos originários e a Amazônia como um ser vivo mantêm uma relação de respeito recíproco e interdependência. Os seres da floresta, da terra, da água e do ar são como seus avós, cunhados, primos, irmãos e sobrinhos. É uma família cósmica que abarca muitos seres em conexão contínua. Os especialistas do noroeste amazônico, ante qualquer ação que vai afetar os habitantes de outra casa (floresta, água, ar...), pedem a permissão através da realização de cerimônias rituais no intuito de obter frutas, peixes, caça e oferecer proteção, tranquilidade, compreensão e convites para a festa cerimonial.

RESUMO Recentemente, Roberts et al. (2023) definiram três thresholds socioeconômicos que teriam sido a base do Antropoceno no mundo: o primeiro, entre 4.000 e 1.000 AEC, relacionado ao início da agricultura; o segundo, entre 0 e 1.500 EC, relacionado ao urbanismo e à consolidação demográfica das populações humanas; e o terceiro, entre 1.500 EC e o presente, associado ao avanço do colonialismo e do capitalismo. Neste artigo, discutimos os resultados de estudos paleoecológicos realizados em quatro regiões da Amazônia conhecidas por apresentarem altas concentrações de sítios arqueológicos (os geoglifos do Acre, os campos elevados da Guiana Francesa, as terras pretas do Baixo Tapajós, e os sítios de zanja em Iténez, Bolívia), e avaliamos o que eles nos dizem sobre a natureza desses thresholds e como eles podem nos informar sobre o Antropoceno amazônico. Concluímos que os maiores e mais destrutivos impactos antropogênicos têm acontecido no período colonial, especialmente nos últimos 50 anos, associados à incursão de economias capitalistas nestes locais. Em contraponto, as práticas de manejo indígenas, que começam a ser visíveis a partir de cerca de 2.500 AEC, e se tornam altamente transformativas a partir de cerca de 0 EC, conseguiram manter serviços ecossistêmicos vitais e aumentar a agrobiodiversidade da sua vegetação, construindo - ao invés de destruindo - relações com os outros seres vivos.

RESUMO Este texto propõe uma discussão crítica sobre algumas definições do Antropoceno. A partir de abordagens na arqueologia, etnologia, ecologia e no debate indígena, a Amazônia é o centro de reflexão sobre diferentes momentos da história de interação humana com a região. Ao reconhecermos as marcas de uma exploração acelerada e irresponsável, surge a necessidade de particularizar o que vem sendo entendido como marcas da humanidade. São discutidas marcas milenares, também permanentes, de ações humanas que transformaram a Amazônia. No entanto, essas marcas foram produzidas por pessoas que compreenderam relações complexas que promoveram e criaram condições para ampliar a diversidade. Tal sabedoria, que continua no presente, insiste em afirmar que isso não pode ser tarefa só de humanos. Portanto, a pergunta que emerge é: de quais humanos e de quais Antropocenos estamos tratando?

RESUMO Na Amazônia, a espoliação territorial dos povos indígenas, quilombolas e povos e comunidades tradicionais tem se efetivado a partir da negação sistemática de sua presença. Contudo, na década de 1980 a Aliança dos Povos da Floresta mobiliza povos indígenas e seringueiros sindicalizados a assumir uma identidade política comum frente ao avanço da sociedade industrial. Esse movimento concebe alternativas concretas para garantir a conservação ambiental e direitos coletivos ao território. A partir de trabalhos realizados no Médio/Alto Tapajós e na Terra do Meio, Pará, propomos uma arqueologia direcionada para abarcar os múltiplos passados de grupos sociais que tradicionalmente ocupam suas terras e que possa ser instrumentalizada para contribuir como suas lutas por reconhecimento. Afinal, são os Povos da Floresta os principais protagonistas da resistência ao Antropoceno.

RESUMO Há uma grande diversidade de modos de processar e consumir as espécies vegetais pelos povos tradicionais da Amazônia, o que se desdobra em distintos modos de conhecer, produzir e promover a biodiversidade da floresta. A riqueza de técnicas, construída ao longo do tempo e conectada às formulações cosmológicas, foi e é empregada nas transformações de plantas de modo amplo, cultivadas ou não, domesticadas ou silvestres, da agricultura ou da coleta, nativas ou exóticas, da roça, da floresta ou da capoeira. Neste trabalho, apresentamos um recorte sobre três espécies vegetais - o açaí (Euterpe sp.), a batata mairá (Casimirella sp.) e o umari (Poraqueiba sp.) -, observando os modos de transformação técnica que permitem a obtenção de ingredientes fundamentais (a goma e a massa) ou a alteração dos estados da matéria vegetal (defumação, fermentação). A elaboração conceitual e prática dos povos indígenas sobre os frutos está expressa não apenas nos modos materiais de transformação, mas também nas cosmologias e nos ritos, como procuramos evidenciar na análise sobre o umari entre os povos tukano. Esse fruto cultivado e não cultivado, presente nas capoeiras e na floresta, e suas diversas formas de processamento nos ajudam a pensar como a técnica se apresenta como uma profícua ferramenta de dissolução de antinomias adotadas historicamente para falar da imbricada relação dos povos indígenas com a floresta amazônica. Assim compreendidos, como uma cosmotécnica, os modos de transformar os vegetais são um exemplo cabal de práticas antiantropocênicas, uma vez que sua orientação se assenta numa episteme indígena equiestatutária entre as espécies e outros sujeitos habitantes da Terra.

Thirty-six species and three genera of moths are recorded for the first time in Colombia, in the families Notodontidae (31 spp., 2 genera), Saturniidae (4 spp., 1 genus), and Sphingidae (1 sp.). All records are based on photographs of live individuals attracted to white and UV lights.

Understanding the effects of intensification of Amazon basin hydrological cycling-manifest as increasingly frequent floods and droughts-on water and energy cycles of tropical forests is essential to meeting the challenge of predicting ecosystem responses to climate change, including forest "tipping points". Here, we investigated the impacts of hydrological extremes on forest function using 12+ years of observations (between 2001-2020) of water and energy fluxes from eddy covariance, along with associated ecological dynamics from biometry, at the Tapajós National Forest. Measurements encompass the strong 2015-2016 El Niño drought and La Niña 2008-2009 wet events. We found that the forest responded strongly to El Niño-Southern Oscillation (ENSO): Drought reduced water availability for evapotranspiration (ET) leading to large increases in sensible heat fluxes (H). Partitioning ET by an approach that assumes transpiration (T) is proportional to photosynthesis, we found that water stress-induced reductions in canopy conductance (Gs ) drove T declines partly compensated by higher evaporation (E). By contrast, the abnormally wet La Niña period gave higher T and lower E, with little change in seasonal ET. Both El Niño-Southern Oscillation (ENSO) events resulted in changes in forest structure, manifested as lower wet-season leaf area index. However, only during El Niño 2015-2016, we observed a breakdown in the strong meteorological control of transpiration fluxes (via energy availability and atmospheric demand) because of slowing vegetation functions (via shutdown of Gs and significant leaf shedding). Drought-reduced T and Gs , higher H and E, amplified by feedbacks with higher temperatures and vapor pressure deficits, signaled that forest function had crossed a threshold, from which it recovered slowly, with delay, post-drought. Identifying such tipping point onsets (beyond which future irreversible processes may occur) at local scale is crucial for predicting basin-scale threshold-crossing changes in forest energy and water cycling, leading to slow-down in forest function, potentially resulting in Amazon forests shifting into alternate degraded states.

The study was conducted on a 3-year-old female Santa Inês sheep from a property located in the municipality of Santo Antônio de Tauá, west of Pará. The affected animal had a history of exophthalmos in the left eye, nasal discharge, and breathing difficulty for more than three months. On physical examination, the animal had a low body score, apathy, unilateral facial asymmetry, moderate unilateral left exophthalmos, mixed dyspnea and unilateral profuse serosanguinous nasal discharge. At necropsy, a large nasal mass was observed, predominantly yellowish-white with blackish-red areas, with an irregular, finely granular, moist, and friable surface. The mass invaded from the mucocutaneous junction of the left nostril to the choanae, infiltrated the frontal sinuses, the cribiform plate, and reached the meninges and the frontal portion of the brain. Microscopy of the surface of the nasal epithelium showed severe destruction of the turbinates and epithelia, evidenced by extensive areas of necrosis with a large amount of cellular debris, ulceration, and secondary bacterial infection. In the central nervous system there was pyogranulomatous meningitis with marked vessel congestion, as well as foci of necrosis and granulomatous inflammation. Immunohistochemistry showed intense staining of numerous intralesional hyphae for antibodies against Conidiobolus lamprauges. The diagnosis of granulomatous rhinitis of mycotic origin associated with the Conidiobolus lamprauges was based on epidemiological, clinical-pathological, and immunohistochemical data. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

La velocidad de crecimiento en altura de Swietenia macrophylla destaca en términos de resistencia al ataque del barrenador Hypsipyla grandella y la selección de familias de rápido crecimiento puede viabilizar las plantaciones comerciales. Los caracteres altura, diámetro, número de hojas y forma del tronco de árboles de 4 familias de S. macrophylla, de 47,5 meses de edad, plantados en Ucayali, Perú, se utilizaron para investigar la posibilidad de seleccionar genotipos de rápido crecimiento. La heredabilidad promedio (h2m) y la precisión selectiva (Acprog) entre familias fueron moderadas para la altura total (Ht: h2m: 0,407; Acprog: 0,638) y la altura comercial (Hc: h2m: 0.472; Acprog: 0.687), además de que Hc correlacionó positivamente con la susceptibilidad a el ataque del taladro. La forma del fuste mostró diferencias importantes entre las familias y alta h2m (0,984) y Acprog (0,921). Las correlaciones genéticas (rg) y fenotípicas (rf) entre rasgos mostraron que una selección de individuos con mayores alturas generalmente resultará en un mayor crecimiento en diámetro, número de hojas y mejor forma del tallo. El estudio destaca la importancia de seleccionar familias con rápido crecimiento en altura y tallos rectos para posibilitar, mejorar la calidad y aumentar la productividad de las plantaciones comerciales con la especie.

Insectivorous bats of the family Vespertilionidae have been grouped into eight tribes, with Lasiurini showing an extensive distribution in South America. In Bolivia, three species of lasiurine bats have been reported: Lasiurus blossevillii (Lesson & Garnot, 1826), L. ega (Gervais, 1856), and L. villosissimus (É. Geoffroy St.-Hilaire, 1806). The morphological analyses of specimens of this genus deposited in Bolivian scientific collections and comparisons with specimens from other countries (including holotypes) prompt us to report the first records of three species: Lasiurus atratus Handley 1996, L. castaneus Handley 1960, and L. egregius (Peters, 1870) in Bolivia, expanding their known geographic ranges to the southwestern part of the Amazon.

Objetivos. Analizar la evolución del COVID-19 en poblaciones rurales de Loreto y Ucayali en la etapa temprana de la pandemia. Materiales y métodos. Se realizó un estudio observacional longitudinal a nivel de comunidades basado en dos rondas de encuestas telefónicas con autoridades locales de más de 400 comunidades rurales indígenas y no-indígenas en Loreto y Ucayali, en julio y agosto de 2020, para recopilar información sobre casos y muertes por COVID-19 en sus comunidades, medidas de protección adoptadas y la recepción de asistencia estatal en la etapa temprana de la pandemia. Estadísticas descriptivas permiten evaluar la evolución de la pandemia después del brote inicial y comparar las tendencias de las dos regiones, así como entre poblaciones indígenas y no-indígenas. Resultados. En julio de 2020, el COVID-19 había llegado al 91,5% de las comunidades, aunque se reportaron muertes por COVID-19 en 13,0% de las comunidades, siendo la mortalidad rural mayor en Ucayali (0,111%) que en Loreto (0,047%) y en comunidades no-indígenas. Para agosto, la prevalencia disminuyó de 44,0% a 32,0% de comunidades, pero se volvió más frecuente en las comunidades indígenas, y aquellas en Ucayali. Viajar a la ciudad para recibir bonos estatales y las dificultades para mantener el distanciamiento social contribuyeron al contagio. Conclusiones. Los hallazgos mostraron la evolución del COVID-19 en comunidades rurales y señalan áreas importantes de atención en futuras políticas públicas, para la adopción de medidas de protección y reconsiderar estrategias para la distribución de asistencia ante pandemias futuras.

Pleurotus spp. compõem o segundo grupo dos cogumelos mais cultivados no mundo. A elaboração de farinha a partir da biomassa desses macrofungos constitui uma alternativa tecnológica para a formulação de produtos alimentícios funcionais. O objetivo desta pesquisa foi caracterizar a farinha de Pleurotus djamor cultivado em resíduo lignocelulósico da floresta amazônica. P. djamor, cedido pela coleção de culturas DPUA, da Universidade Federal do Amazonas, foi cultivado em ágar batata dextrose + extrato de levedura 0,5% (p/v). Para obtenção do inóculo, P. djamor foi cultivado em ágar Sabouraud + extrato de levedura 0,5% (p/v). A produção do cogumelo foi realizada em exocarpo de cupuaçu (Theobroma grandiflorum) suplementado com farelo de arroz. Em seguida, foram avaliados os parâmetros de produção e os basidiomas obtidos foram utilizados para elaboração da farinha. Neste produto alimentício foram determinadas a composição centesimal, análise microbiológica e as propriedades tecnológicas. Os parâmetros produtivos evidenciaram que adaptação da espécie e o potencial de resíduos Amazônicos foram significativos, pois apresentaram eficiência biológica 137,91%, taxa de produção 8,11 g/dia, produtividade 21,81% e perda de matéria orgânica 31,86%. O tamanho médio dos basidiomas foi de 12,2 x 7,5cm, estipe 2,5cm. A farinha demonstrou ser fonte de nutrientes como proteínas (13,68%) e fibras (9,84%). O índice de absorção de água, índice de solubilidade em água e capacidade de capacidade de intumescimento foram 6,29 g/g, 52% e CI 5,68 g/g, respectivamente. A farinha de cogumelo ostra cultivado em resíduos agroflorestais amazônicos constitui uma alternativa inovadora para a elaboração de alimentos funcionais saudáveis.

A pesca esportiva é uma atividade que tem como objetivo a captura de peixe por diversão. No entanto, o peixe é exposto ao estresse da captura, e pode sofrer lesões físicas, devido ao manuseio incorreto, sendo necessário ações que contribuam para minimizar os danos ocasionados na manipulação. Diante dessa realidade, um projeto de extensão para um trecho da bacia do Rio Negro, intitulado “Apoio técnico aos guias de pesca esportiva do médio Rio Negro, Barcelos, Amazonas” foi proposto, uma vez que a região recebe um número elevado de turistas, anualmente, envolvidos na prática da pesca. Esse projeto foi aprovado em edital de extensão da Universidade Federal do Amazonas e sua realização teve a importante missão de disseminar e popularizar o conhecimento da atividade de pesca esportiva e das espécies alvo na área de estudo. Os guias de pesca, foram os atores que tiveram maior participação na atividade (96,5%), fato este interpretado como positivo, uma vez que possuem contato direto com o peixe capturado esportivamente, e normalmente fazem a remoção do anzol desses indivíduos. Logo, o compartilhamento de experiência entre a equipe do projeto e os guias de pesca revelaram-se necessárias para o entendimento sobre a forma correta de manuseio dos peixes capturados, e a condição de sobrevivência desses indivíduos para a temporada seguinte. Esses benefícios seriam incorporados no dia a dia durante as atividades de pesca dos guias, além de oportunizar maior expectativa de qualidade ao meio ambiente.

Indigenous stewardship is essential to the conservation of biocultural diversity, yet conventional conservation models often treat Indigenous territories (ITs) as homogeneous or isolated units. We propose that archipelagos of Indigenous territories (AITs), clusters of ITs that span geographies but are connected through shared cultural or political ties maintained by Indigenous nations, are crucial for understanding and enhancing conservation strategies that recognize the complexity of Indigenous stewardship. We classified 3572 ITs in the Amazon into 4 categories—single or multiple nations with either singular IT or AIT—to assess their spatial heterogeneity, governance, and conservation potential. We then assessed species richness, carbon stocks, and pressures across these different categories. To examine how AITs can enhance biocultural conservation efforts, we conducted a case study of the Cofán Nation in Ecuador. AITs covered 45% of the Amazonian land area and had higher species richness and carbon stocks than single IT configurations. However, AITs faced greater pressures from development and extractive activities. In the case study, the Cofán AIT was shaped by colonization and land titling challenges, but their community‐driven governance, cross‐territorial collaboration, and adaptive responses—such as comanagement agreements and resisting extractive activities—enhanced their ecological and cultural resilience amid growing development pressures. Our findings suggest that AITs facilitate the exchange of resources, knowledge, and cultural practices, which strengthens social connectivity, reinforces governance structures, and enables adaptive management across ITs, thereby enhancing biocultural resilience across discontinuous spaces. This work advocates for a paradigm shift in conservation planning and practice that recognizes the vital role of AITs in sustaining Amazonian ecosystems and Indigenous lifeways, particularly in the face of increasing pressures. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Sand flies (Diptera, Psychodidae, Phlebotominae) are considered natural vectors of infectious agents, such as viruses, bacteria and protozoa. About 1,060 species are recognized, of which 73 have been recorded in the state of Tocantins, located in the transition of Amazon and Cerrado biomes, Northern Brazil. Here, we surveyed the sand fly fauna in different environments of the municipality of Palmas, including caves. Also, we evaluated a fragment of the cytochrome c oxidase subunit 1 (COI) as reliable for species delimitation in this region. The morphological identification of 163 sand flies revealed the presence of 26 species distributed in 13 genera. Of these, Lutzomyia itambe, Deanemyia samueli, Pintomyia gruta, Psathyromyia barretti, and Sciopemyia servulolimai had not yet been recorded in the state of Tocantins, thus, the sand fly fauna of the state is composed of 78 species. The first DNA sequence of Edentomyia sp., were generated, and probably correspond to an undescribed species, and new studies are needed to verify their real taxonomic identity. Also, eight nominal sand fly species were COI-sequenced for the first time, improving the DNA repositories for molecular species identification. The use of COI DNA barcodes proved to be efficient for identifying sand fly species in the state of Tocantins and revealed the existence of cryptic diversity for Nyssomyia whitmani and Psathyromyia aragaoi which need further investigations using an integrative taxonomy approach. However, COI sequences was ineffective in delimiting species of Evandromyia (Aldamyia) and Psychodpygus Chagasi series, and our limited sampling should be evaluated in more robust datasets to check the real usefulness of DNA sequences in identifying sand flies. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The Parque Nacional da Serra do Divisor (PNSD), renowned for its remarkable biodiversity, is a conservation unit of the Amazon biome situated at the westernmost limit of the Brazilian territory. However, the PNSD fauna is still poorly documented for most taxa. This study aimed to list the ant species (Hymenoptera: Formicidae) of the PNSD, comparing its diversity found with studies conducted in other hotspots of biodiversity of the world. Field collections were conducted in the northern region of PNSD for four days in 2016, using three collection methods: epigaeic pitfall traps, Winkler extractors, and hand collections. Even with the short sampling period, an impressive number of 261 species of ants were recorded, representing one of the highest richness documented for ants with the least sampling effort applied in a single locality worldwide. Of these species, 66 were newly recorded in the state of Acre, with six representing first-time records for Brazil. These findings highlight the critical importance of the PNSD as a strategic area for ant conservation, both in Brazil and globally. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The objective of this article is to analyze how, based on his studies on the Amazon, Carlos Walter Porto-Gonçalves constructed a thematic-empirical reading of the region and, at the same time, an original methodological horizon of geographical practice. Our working hypothesis is that the research experience with the Amazon gave the author rules and compasses to build a renewal in Brazilian Geography. We propose to dialogue with the author's work by systematizing the epistemological gestures and analytical clues that, articulated, constitute a renewed horizon of decolonial reading of the geographical nature of the social, and that will be presented throughout this text in the format of: a) two epistemological gestures, two fundamental forms of problematization of the relationship with knowledge about and from the Amazon: i) combat Eurocentrism and the colonial invention of the Amazon, and, ii) learning with Amazonian horizons - the Amazon as the center of world; b) five analytical clues that point to the construction of an original conception of geography that, at the same time, affirm and stress the tradition of the discipline: i) the Amazon as an unequal accumulation of times: ii) the political ecology of the society-society relationship nature in the Amazon; iii) Geography as a verb: a look at the Amazon from those below and from r-existences; iv) territorial tensions: the conflict as a key to reading the Amazon; v) the struggles for life, for dignity and for territory in the Amazon. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

New taxonomic and faunistic data on spiders of Ecuador are provided, based on a small set of previously unstudied specimens collected at Tiputini Biodiversity Station in Orellana. These specimens belong to five species in three families: Anapistula tiputiana sp. n. (♀; Symphytognathidae) and Pseudanapis yasunica sp. n. (♂; Anapidae) are described as new to science, and the hersiliids Neotama obatala Rheims & Brescovit, 2004, Ypypuera crucifera (Vellard, 1924) and Y. vittata (Simon, 1887) are newly recorded in Ecuador. Illustrations are provided for all treated species. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Historical climatic and geological events are largely known to have impacted biome evolution across the Neotropics and their associated rich biodiversity. However, a clear understanding of dispersal and biome shifts between neotropical biomes over time is still lacking for many ecologically important plant clades. We investigated the timing and ancestral species movements within the early branching papilionoid legume Dipterygeae lineage of neotropical tree species, some of which are among the most ecologically dominant across Amazonian rainforests and Brazilian savannas, to understand how dispersal and evolutionary trajectories in biome predilection have led to their modern distribution. We also estimated the evolution of fruit types and discuss their potential roles in the colonization of non-Amazonian rainforest habitats. To address these questions, we used one nuclear (ITS/5.8S) and two plastid (matK and trnL intron) DNA regions of the Dipterygeae clade to estimate divergence times with a Bayesian relaxed-clock approach, ancestral area distribution, and evolutionary shifts in biome and morphological traits. All currently recognized species of this clade were sampled, covering its full geographical range. Dipterygeae originated in the Amazonia during the Middle Eocene, where it has undergone a long history of in situ diversification, particularly over the last 15 Myr. Dispersal events into the rainforests of the Brazilian Coastal Atlantic Forest and Chocó + Central America, the fire-prone savannas of the Cerrado, and the Caatinga seasonally dry tropical forest occurred independently. Most lineages ecologically associated with rainforests are dispersed by animals (zoochory), whereas shifts to open habitats generally coincide with wind dispersal (anemochory). Our study highlights the significance of geological events, climatic factors, and shifts in fruit type as crucial contributors to the diversification of Dipterygeae. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of GeSec: Revista de Gestao e Secretariado is the property of Sindicato das Secretarias e Secretarios do Estado de Sao Paulo (SINSESP) and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Environmental & Social Management Journal / Revista de Gestão Social e Ambiental is the property of Environmental & Social Management Journal and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Environmental & Social Management Journal / Revista de Gestão Social e Ambiental is the property of Environmental & Social Management Journal and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

The article explores the concept of residual urbanization in an Amazonian Kichwa commune in Ecuador, focusing on how local processes shape urbanization and social relations. It discusses the complex interplay between urban expansion, indigenous values, and communal forms of social reproduction. The study highlights the communal struggle to maintain control over territory, resist external forces like mining, and defend indigenous values and ways of life. Through detailed analysis of the commune's dynamics, the article sheds light on the interconnectedness between local communities, urbanization, and global capitalism, emphasizing the ongoing political and social struggles faced by indigenous populations in the region. [Extracted from the article]

The article "Bioeconomy in the Amazon: Tensions and Synergies of Corporate Sustainability" explores the history of Manioca, a foodtech founded by Joanna Martins and Paulo Reis, which seeks to bring Amazonian flavors to the world. The company faces challenges in the supply chain due to the seasonality of products and the search for sustainable sourcing, having to decide between developing local suppliers or using intermediaries. The analysis of tensions and synergies of sustainability highlights the importance of balancing economic, social, and environmental aspects, promoting systemic thinking in problem-solving and emphasizing the complexity of corporate sustainability. [Extracted from the article]

Manioca is a successful food-tech company, an entrepreneurial initiative emerging from a desire to share the flavours of the Amazonia globally. The scarcity of typical Amazonian products in the Southeast region of Brazil, coupled with a general interest in Northern cuisine, led Joanna Martins to pursue her vision of commercializing Amazonian products. After an unsuccessful venture, her experience paved the way for success in her second business: the Manioca, a food industry based on local raw materials. The industry prioritizes sustainable sourcing and fair stakeholder relationships. Joanna and her co-founder, Paulo Reis, navigated numerous challenges but now face difficulties securing additional supply for the industry due to Amazonia's limitations. She confronts the decision to either develop suppliers directly or outsource through intermediaries, each impacting the industry's economic, social, and environmental dimensions differently. This case focuses on the concepts of triple bottom line and sustainability tensions and invites students to consider the factors influencing Joanna's decision. This analysis is relevant to management, sustainability, operations, entrepreneurship, and agribusiness disciplines. It underscores the complexity of corporate sustainability, advocating for a systemic perspective beyond financial metrics and reevaluating current sustainability frameworks. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Aims: Knowledge about species niches along environmental gradients is needed to understand community assembly and spatial variation in floristic composition and species richness. In Amazonian rainforests, such knowledge is largely lacking, although ferns have been used to infer overall floristic and edaphic patterns. Here we explore fern species distributions along an important edaphic gradient, how narrow their realised niches are and how sensitive inferences are to species commonness, data quality and the region being sampled. Location: Amazonia. Methods: We used a large data set (1,215 transects across lowland Amazonia) to explore the realised niches of 54 species of two fern genera (Adiantum and Lindsaea) along a soil base cation concentration gradient. We used weighted averaging to estimate species optima and niche widths, and Huisman–Olff–Fresco modelling to assess species response shapes. Results: Overall, species optima were rather evenly spread along the soil base cation concentration gradient, but Lindsaea optima were limited to the lower half of the gradient, whereas Adiantum optima were more often in the upper half. Most species had unimodal response curves. Mean niche width was ca. 25% of the observed gradient length for Adiantum and 17% for Lindsaea and was only weakly or not at all related to different aspects of species commonness. Species optima were robust to different modelling approaches and consistent across regional subsets. However, the central Amazonian data contained no transects with high soil base cation concentration, so species with high optima were either absent or obtained a lower optimum than in the NW and SW regions. Conclusions: Our results support niche‐related species sorting as an important process that defines species co‐occurrence, turnover and richness patterns within Amazonian rainforests. All Adiantum and Lindsaea species, including the most abundant ones, had narrow enough realised niches to be considered useful indicators of edaphic and floristic variation within the rainforest. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Simple Summary: In our research conducted in seven citrus orchards in Amazonas State, Brazil, we recorded the presence of eight sharpshooter species. One of the identified species is known to transmit the bacterium Xylella fastidiosa, which is responsible for causing citrus variegated chlorosis (CVC). Among the eight species found, five were newly recorded in citrus plants within the State, and three were entirely new to the northern region. This research emphasizes the importance of mapping the locations of these insects to gain insights into their behavior. Doing so will enable the development of strategies to effectively manage the threat of CVC in local citrus crops. This research study reports new records of eight species of Cicadellini (Hemiptera, Cicadellidae, Cicadellinae) across seven municipalities in Amazonas State, Brazil. Among these species, one is known as a vector of CVC (Provancherana corniculata). Additionally, five species are being reported for the first time in citrus for the State (Erythrogonia sexguttata, Hortensia similis, Provancherana corniculata, Scopogonalia amazonensis, and Scoposcartula oculata), and three species (Diedrocephala variegata, Macugonalia moesta and Xyphon reticulatum) are reported for the first time in the northern region. This research highlights the lack of information on sharpshooter occurrence in the Amazonas region, emphasizing the need for further investigations in this area. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The bushy-tailed opossum Glironia venusta is a rare marsupial from Amazonia, with most of the known records obtained through scant visualization/photography events or by few captures/deposit of specimens in scientific collections. This study presents unusual records for the species: the first record of individuals dead due to vehicle collision, and a specimen opportunistically trapped into a mistnet. The data presented herein provide additional morphometrical data and ecological insights about G. venusta. Although this species is considered essentially arboreal, our records indicate that movements on ground are part of its habits. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]