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Human and animal vector-borne diseases, particularly mosquito-borne diseases, are emerging or re-emerging worldwide. Six Aedes invasive mosquito (AIM) species were introduced to Europe since the 1970s: Aedes aegypti, Ae. albopictus, Ae. japonicus, Ae. koreicus, Ae. atropalpus and Ae. triseriatus. Here, we report the results of AIMSurv2020, the first pan-European surveillance effort for AIMs. Implemented by 42 volunteer teams from 24 countries. And presented in the form of a dataset named “AIMSurv Aedes Invasive Mosquito species harmonized surveillance in Europe. AIM-COST Action. Project ID: CA17108”. AIMSurv2020 harmonizes field surveillance methodologies for sampling different AIMs life stages, frequency and minimum length of sampling period, and data reporting. Data include minimum requirements for sample types and recommended requirements for those teams with more resources. Data are published as a Darwin Core archive in the Global Biodiversity Information Facility- Spain, comprising a core file with 19,130 records (EventID) and an occurrences file with 19,743 records (OccurrenceID). AIM species recorded in AIMSurv2020 were Ae. albopictus, Ae. japonicus and Ae. koreicus, as well as native mosquito species. This study was funded by the Autonomous Province of Trento (Italy) under the project ‘Coordinated surveillance actions on invasive alien species and emerging vector borne diseases’; the City Health Office of the City of Zagreb, within the ‘Program for monitoring invasive mosquito species in the area of the City of Zagreb in 2020’; the Consejería de Economía e Infraestructura of the Junta de Extremadura and the European Regional Development Fund, a Way to Make Europe, through the research project IB16135; Dirección de Salud Pública (Gobierno Vasco), Project EU-LIFE 18 IPC/ES/000001 (Urban Klima 2050) y Programa Estatal de Vigilancia de mosquitos en puertos y Aeropuertos, del Ministerio de Sanidad (Gobierno de España); EMME-CARE project, which has been funded from the European Union’s Horizon 2020 Research and Innovation Programme (grant agreement ID 856612); Institute of Zoology under the project EVOLANTER (project no. 20.80009.7007.02). RL is funded by the Federal Ministry of Education and Research of Germany (BMBF) under the project NEED (grant no. 01Kl2022); LIFE CONOPS project (LIFE12 ENV/GR/000466), funded by the European Commission in the framework of the program LIFE + Environment Policy and Governance; Municipalities of Slovenia: City Municipality of Nova Gorica, City Municipality of Koper, Municipality of Izola, Municipality of Piran and Municipality of Ankaran; National Research, Development and Innovation Office (NKFIH grant numbers KH-130379, PD-135143, FK-138563 and K-135841). The research activity of KK was supported by the Janos Bolyai Research Scholarship of the Hungarian Academy of Sciences and by the ÚNKP-20-5-PTE-597 New National Excellence Program of the Ministry for Innovation and Technology; Portuguese National Program for Vector Surveillance (REVIVE) and we are particularly grateful to the regional workgroup of Algarve for the monitoring activities; PR (19_ECO_0070) project ‘Aves y Enfermedades Infecciosas Emergentes: Impacto de las Especies Exóticas y Migratorias en la transmisión de Malaria aviar y el virus del Nilo Occidental – AvEIEs’ from ‘Ayudas Fundación BBVA a Equipos de Investigación Científica 2019’; project grant number 57 PCCDI/2018, grant agency ‘The Executive Unit for Financing Higher Education, Research, Development and Innovation’ (UEFISCDI) Romania, ‘Collegium Talentum Programme’ of Hungary, Eötvös Loránd University’s ‘Homeland higher education study grant’; Slovak Research Agency VEGA nr. 2/0140/21; Vector Control Needs Assessment in Cyprus, contracted by the World Health Organization (reference 2020/1040069-0); Veneto and Friuli Venezia Giulia Regions (Regional Prevention Plans ‘Entomological Surveillance of vector-borne diseases’ in the Veneto and Friuli Venezia Giulia Regions); the Institute of Public Health, Albania under the program of mosquitoes control in urban and coastal areas.

No âmbito da Rede de Vigilância de Vetores (REVIVE ), é realizada a vigilância entomológica em mosquitos desde 2008 em Portugal. O projeto REVIVE é uma componente dos programas de vigilância epidemiológica indispensável à avaliação do risco de transmissão de agentes patogénicos transmitidos por vetores e é fundamental para a implementação de uma estratégia integrada de controlo de vetores e prevenção de doenças. As atividades previstas nos programas de vigilância entomológica e doenças associadas exigem elevados custos com recursos humanos especializados e com a logística que é investida nas inspeções periódicas das armadilhas de insetos. É essencial o desenvolvimento de estratégias sustentáveis para a monitorização de vetores. O projeto VECTRACK propõe o desenvolvimento de um método inovador na vigilância de mosquitos vetores de agentes de doença que vai possibilitar a identificação da espécie, sexo, idade e potencial de infeção das populações de mosquitos, mas de forma automatizada e remota. Neste artigo apresentamos os principais protocolos usados no projeto VECTRACK para a configuração de um sensor acoplado a uma armadilha que proceda à identificação automatizada de mosquitos através de machine learning. Within the scope of the Vector Surveillance Network (REVIVE ), entomological surveillance of mosquitoes has been carried out since 2008 in Portugal. REVIVE project is an essential component of epidemiological surveillance programs to assess the risk of transmission of vector-borne pathogens and is essential for the implementation of an integrated strategy for vector control and disease prevention. The activities foreseen in the entomological surveillance programs and associated diseases demand high costs with specialized human resources and with the logistics that are invested in the periodic inspections of insect traps. The development of sustainable strategies for vector monitoring is essential. The VECTRACK project proposes the development of an innovative method in the surveillance of mosquito vectors of disease agents that will make it possible to identify the species, sex, age and infection potential of mosquito populations, but in an automated and remote way. In this manuscript, we present the main protocols used in the VECTRACK project for the configuration of a sensor coupled to a trap that performs the automated identification of mosquitoes through machine learning. info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersion

O mosquito Aedes albopictus, conhecido vulgarmente como Mos2017-2019quito Tigre Asiático, é um mosquito invasor procedente da região Ásia-Pacífico. Esta espécie é importante em saúde pública e veterinária devido ao seu papel na transmissão de diversos agentes patogénicos, nomeadamente os arbovírus chikungunya, dengue e Zika. Introduzido e estabelecido ao longo da costa mediterrânica europeia, incluindo Espanha desde 2004, este mosquito vetor tem sido responsável pelos surtos autóctones de arbovírus que têm ocorrido na Europa desde 2007. Em Portugal, o Ae. albopictus foi detetado pela primeira vez no âmbito da Rede de Vigilância de Vetores (REVIVE) em dois eventos de introdução independentes, na região norte em 2017 e no Algarve em 2018. O presente estudo teve como objetivo caracterizar a distribuição geográfica e atividade sazonal da espécie invasora Ae. albopictus em Portugal. A vigilância ativa foi significativamente incrementada pela REVIVE após estas deteções. Foram utilizadas armadilhas específicas para mosquitos adultos (Biogents Sentinel traps) e para as fases imaturas (Ovitraps) para determinar a sua distribuição geográfica e sazonal, abundância e avaliar o processo de estabelecimento e dispersão da espécie a nível regional e nacional. Estes dados são indispensáveis no planeamento estratégico de medidas de controlo vetorial para evitar a dispersão das populações de mosquitos vetores e prevenir surtos de doenças associadas a Ae. albopictus. The mosquito Aedes albopictus, also known as the Asian Tiger Mosquito, is an invasive mosquito from the Asia-Pacific region. This species is important in public and veterinary health due to its role in the transmission of several pathogens, namely the arboviruses chikungunya, dengue and Zika. Introduced and established along the European Mediterranean coast, including Spain since 2004, this vector mosquito has been responsible for the autochthonous arboviruses outbreaks that have been occurring more and more frequently in the European region since 2007. In Portugal, Ae. albopictus was detected for the first time by the Vector Surveillance Network (REVIVE) in two independent introduction events, in the northern region in 2017 and Algarve in 2018. The aim of the present study was to characterize the geographic distribution and seasonal activity of the invasive species Ae. albopictus in Portugal. Active surveillance was significantly increased by the REVIVE after these detections. Specific traps were used for adult mosquitoes (Biogents Sentinel traps) and for the immature stages (ovitraps) to determine its geographical and seasonal distribution, abundance and evaluate its way of establishment and dispersion at a regional and national level. These data are necessary in the strategic planning of vector control measures to avoid the dispersion of these populations of vectors and prevent outbreaks of vector-borne diseases. info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersion

Osório, H. C., Rocha, J., Roquette, R., Guerreiro, N. M., Zé-Zé, L., Amaro, F., Silva, M., & Alves, M. J. (2020). Seasonal dynamics and spatial distribution of aedes albopictus (Diptera: Culicidae) in a temperate region in europe, southern portugal. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health, 17(19), 1-11. [7083]. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph17197083 Aedes albopictus is an invasive mosquito that has colonized several European countries as well as Portugal, where it was detected for the first time in 2017. To increase the knowledge of Ae. albopictus population dynamics, a survey was carried out in the municipality of Loulé, Algarve, a Southern temperate region of Portugal, throughout 2019, with Biogents Sentinel traps (BGS traps) and ovitraps. More than 19,000 eggs and 400 adults were identified from May 9 (week 19) and December 16 (week 50). A positive correlation between the number of females captured in the BGS traps and the number of eggs collected in ovitraps was found. The start of activity of A. albopictus in May corresponded to an average minimum temperature above 13.0◦C and an average maximum temperature of 26.2◦C. The abundance peak of this A. albopictus population was identified from September to November. The positive effect of temperature on the seasonal activity of the adult population observed highlight the importance of climate change in affecting the occurrence, abundance, and distribution patterns of this species. The continuously monitoring activities currently ongoing point to an established population of A. albopictus in Loulé, Algarve, in a dispersion process to other regions of Portugal and raises concern for future outbreaks of mosquito-borne diseases associated with this invasive mosquito species. publishersversion publishersversion published

Os flebovírus (género Phlebovirus, família Phenuiviridae) são arbovírus transmitidos por flebótomos que na Eurásia e África se encontram agrupados em três serocomplexos - Naples, Salehabad e Sicilian - podendo ser responsáveis por síndromes febris ou doença do sistema nervoso central, como no caso de infeção pelo vírus Toscana (TOSV). Em Portugal o diagnóstico laboratorial de flebovírus é realizado no Centro de Estudos de Vetores e Doenças Infecciosas Doutor Francisco Cambournac do Instituto Nacional de Saúde Doutor Ricardo Jorge (CEVDI/INSA) desde 2007. Dados obtidos em estudos retrospetivos demonstraram que os flebovírus são agentes patogénicos negligenciados no nosso país. Estudos entomológicos realizados no CEVDI resultaram no isolamento e na sequenciação completa de dois novos flebovírus: os vírus Arrabida e Alcube. Estes vírus pertencem a complexos diferentes, respetivamente Naples e Salehabad, e a sua patogenia está em estudo num projeto de investigação no CEVDI. O maior desafio perante uma suspeita clínica de infeção por flebovírus será atingir um grau significativo de perceção por parte da comunidade médica uma vez que o diagnóstico laboratorial confirmatório apenas muito raramente é solicitado ao laboratório de referência. Phleboviruses (genus Phlebovirus, family Phenuiviridae) are arboviruses transmit ted by sandflies, which, in the Old World, are grouped in three serocomplexes - Naples, Salehabad and Sicily. They are responsible for febrile syndromes or, in the case of Toscana virus (TOSV), for central ner vous system disease. In Por tugal, the laborator y diagnosis of phleboviruses is carried out at the Center for Vectors and Infectious Diseases Research Doutor Francisco Cambournac of the National Institute of Health Doutor Ricardo Jorge (CEVDI/INSA) since 2007. Entomological studies resulted in the isolation and whole genome sequencing of two new phleboviruses: Arrabida and Alcube viruses. These viruses belong to dif ferent serocomplexes, Naples and Salehabad, respectively and their pathogenesis is under study in a research project at CEVDI. The greatest challenge for the diagnosis of phleboviruses in our countr y will be to reach a significant degree of perception from the par t of the medical communit y since a confirmator y laborator y diagnosis is not of ten requested to the reference laboratory. Este trabalho foi financiado pela Fundação para a Ciência e Tecnologia no âmbito do projeto Flebovírus em Portugal: vetores, patogénese e co-infecções (PTDC/DTP-SAP/0859/2014). info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersion

[ES] En la temporada 2015-16 la onda epidémica gripal se ha iniciado en la semana 3/2016, dos semanas más tarde que en la temporada anterior. A nivel nacional, se ha observado un nivel bajo de intensidad de actividad gripal, si bien la incidencia gripal se ha mantenido por encima del umbral basal durante 11 semanas, registrándose una onda epidémica atípica con una meseta de incidencia de gripe estable desde la semana 4/2016 hasta la semana 12/2016. Esta evolución inusual a nivel nacional podría estar relacionada con una acentuada heterogeneidad geográfica en el desarrollo de la actividad gripal a lo largo de la temporada. El pico de máxima incidencia gripal se ha registrado entre las semanas 4/2016 y 11/2016 dependiendo de la red centinela. A nivel nacional se ha observado una intensa circulación viral (>40% de positividad) durante 14 semanas seguidas, si bien aquí también se observa heterogeneidad entre las distintas redes. En cuanto a la evolución geográfica de la actividad gripal, se ha registrado un incremento de incidencia gripal en la región noroeste peninsular, que se ha desplazado hacia el noreste y sureste a lo largo de la temporada. Desde el principio de la temporada, la actividad gripal se ha asociado a una circulación predominante de virus A(H1N1)pdm09, con una contribución creciente de virus B a medida que ha ido avanzando la temporada.

Apresentar os resultados do programa REVIVE (Rede de Vigilância de Vetores), relativos aos anos 2008-2014.

Resumo da comunicação publicado em: I Jornadas Temáticas de Doenças Infecciosas de Setúbal, Zoonoses e Doenças Transmissíveis por Vectores: resumo das comunicações. Setúbal: Serviço de Doenças Infecciosas. HDS, 2013, p. 20-21.

Tese de doutoramento, Biologia (Microbiologia), Universidade de Lisboa, Faculdade de Ciências, 2010 Submitted by Marta Nogueira (mnogueira@reitoria.ul.pt) on 2011-01-03T17:09:12Z No. of bitstreams: 1 ulsd059377_td_Fatima_Amaro.pdf: 5450882 bytes, checksum: 8be1be7cbae8990e605fc2ffb7ade491 (MD5) Made available in DSpace on 2011-01-03T17:09:27Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 ulsd059377_td_Fatima_Amaro.pdf: 5450882 bytes, checksum: 8be1be7cbae8990e605fc2ffb7ade491 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2010

Information on distribution and relative abundance of the mosquito fauna of mainland Portugal has been collected by several surveillance programmes and projects over a long period. The work presented here documents additional information provided by capture of adult mosquitoes by the use of CDC light traps baited with CO2 in 48 localities in 13 districts in different parts of mainland Portugal during the period 2005-2008, and by larval surveys using dippers. More than 150,000 adult mosquitoes and 3,000 larvae belonging to 16 species were identified at the National Institute of Health / Centre for Vectors and Infectious Diseases Research. The three commonest species were Ochlerotatus caspius, Culex pipiens, and Cx. theileri. The most widespread species was Cx. pipiens, followed by Culiseta longiareolata. The composition and abundance of the different mosquito populations varied between geographical locations. Only larvae of two species, Cx. hortensis and Cx. laticinctus, were found. Some effects of collection methods on a complete picture of mosquito distribution and abundance are discussed.

A total of 196 small mammals were collected in Portugal and tested for Borrelia burgdorferi sensu lato. Tissue samples were taken from each animal and cultured in Barbour-Stoenner-Kelly (BSK)-II medium. The single strain of spirochete isolated was confirmed as Borrelia lusitaniae by genetic analyses. This is the first report of B. lusitaniae isolated from Apodemus sylvaticus.

Dissertação de mest. em Gestão e Conservação da Natureza, Faculdade de Ciências do Mar e do Ambiente, Univ. do Algarve, 2004 A biodiversidade encontra-se actualmente ameaçada em todo o mundo e nem mesmo nas áreas destinadas para a conservação é possível salvaguardar todas as espécies presentes. Assim, é necessário encontrar-se prioridades para a conservação. O objectivo deste trabalho consistiu na identificação das espécies de vertebrados prioritárias para a conservação no Parque Natural da Ria Formosa (uma área protegida no sul de Portugal Continental), e na definição de áreas para a sua preservação. Para tal foi feita uma ordenação das espécies baseada nos estatutos de conservação aos níveis nacional e internacional, na distribuição e sensibilidade ecológica de cada uma delas. As áreas para a conservação foram definidas através de algoritmos de selecção iterativos, baseados nos princípios da raridade e da complementaridade contidos no ResNet, um pacote de software disponível na internet. Das 26 espécies de vertebrados definidas como prioritárias incluem-se 19 de aves, três de répteis, três de anfíbios e uma de mamíferos. A espécie que maior valor obteve na ordenação foi a galinha-sultana, o símbolo do Parque Natural da Ria Formosa. Concluiu-se que as áreas seleccionadas para a protecção das espécies prioritárias englobam uma tal variedade de biótopos que se os esforços de conservação lhes forem direccionados, muitas outras espécies ficarão protegidas. Por fim, foram sugeridas medidas para a conservação da biodiversidade no PNRF. Biodiversity is currently threatened ali over the world and it is not possible to preserve ali species, even in areas that are set aside for nature conservation. Thus it is necessary to find conservation priorities. The goal of this work consisted on the identification of conservation priorities for the vertebrate species in the Natural Park of Ria Formosa (a protected area in the South of Continental Portugal), and in the definition of areas for their preservation. The species priorization was based on their conservation status at national and intemational leveis, as well as on their distribution and ecological sensitivity. The conservation areas had been defined through iterative selecction algorithms, based in the principies of rarity and complementarity displayed in ResNet, a software package available in the Internet. From the 26 vertebrate chosen species, 19 were birds, three were reptiles, three were amphibians and one was a mammal. The species that obtained a higher value in the rank was Porphyrio porphyrio, which is the symbol of Natural Park of Ria Formosa. It was concluded that the selected areas for the proteccion of prioritary species contain one such variety of biotopes that if the conservation efforts will be directioned to them, many other species will be protected. Finally, conservation measures for biodiversity conservation in the Natural Park of Ria Formosa have been suggested.

Programa Nacional de Vigilância de Vectores Culicídeos: DGS – Divisão de Saúde Ambiental; ARS – Administração Regional de Saúde do Alentejo, Algarve, Centro, Lisboa e Vale do Tejo e Norte; IASAS Madeira; INSA/DDI – Centro de Estudos de Vectores e Doenças Infecciosas Doutor Francisco Cambournac

Programa Nacional de Vigilância de Vectores Culicídeos: DGS – Divisão de Saúde Ambiental; INSA/DDI – Centro de Estudos de Vectores e Doenças Infecciosas Doutor Francisco Cambournac; ARS – Administração Regional de Saúde do Alentejo, Algarve, Centro, Lisboa e Vale do Tejo e Norte