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The widespread use of antibiotics in water has resulted in significant environmental contamination, posing potential health risks. This necessitates the development of efficient methods for their removal from wastewater. This review explores the potential of UiO (Universitetet i Oslo) metal–organic frameworks (MOFs) for the adsorption of dyes and pharmaceuticals from water. UiO MOFs possess exceptional characteristics, including ultra-high porosity and remarkable stability, making them ideal candidates for pollutant adsorption compared to traditional adsorbents. Studies have demonstrated the exceptional performance of UiO MOFs in removing antibiotics from water at various concentrations. This high adsorption efficiency is attributed to their extensive Brunauer–Emmett–Teller (BET) surface area and pore volume, offering numerous binding sites for pollutants. The adsorption affinity between UiO MOFs and antibiotics is governed by various interactions, such as electrostatic interactions, hydrogen bonding, and π–π stacking. These interactions are influenced by the surface charge of the target pollutant and the zeta potential of the MOF surface. Furthermore, the detection mechanisms for antibiotics including, fluorescence quenching, photocatalytic degradation, adsorption, sensing, and other methods, are discussed in this review. Overall, this review emphasizes the promising potential of UiO MOFs as efficient adsorbents for removing antibiotics from water, offering a viable solution for environmental cleanup. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Morphine, as one of the most important narcotic drugs, significantly affects the nervous system and increases euphoria, which raises the likelihood of its misuse. Therefore, its measurement is of great importance. In this work, a new electrochemical sensor based on a nanocomposite of CuS/g-C3N5/AgNPs was developed for modifying Screen printed carbon electrodes (SPCEs) and used for the measurement of morphine through cyclic voltammetry and differential pulse voltammetry. Various analytical methods initially characterized the nanocomposite. The prepared sensor, which also has an extensive surface area, achieved a detection limit of 0.01 µM for morphine in a concentration range of 0.05–100 µM at pH 7. Besides its excellent capability in measuring morphine in real samples, the sensor exhibits good stability, reproducibility, and repeatability. The presence of CuS, due to its excellent high surface area alongside silver nanoparticles, leads to an increase in the conductivity of the g-C3N5 modified electrode, resulting in an increased oxidative current of morphine at the surface of the prepared sensor. Therefore, measuring low concentrations of morphine with this sensor was made possible. Additionally, measuring morphine without interference from various species is a strong point of the electrochemical sensor for morphine detection, and combined with the simplicity and ease of the method, it allows for morphine measurements to be conducted in the shortest possible time. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

To investigate the effect of conformationally flexible molecules on the crystal packing of coordination compounds, eleven mercury(II) complexes containing N-(3-halophenyl)-2-pyridinecarboxamide ligands, carrying different halogen atoms in the ortho-position of the phenyl ring, have been synthesized, molecularly characterized and structurally compared. In this contribution, three various sets of isostructural compounds were obtained by manipulating the proportions of the different solvents and the crystallization temperatures. By varying the reaction conditions three different compositions were observed, and from each composition, independent isostructural series could be observed by halogen replacements. Due to the simultaneous presence of competitive halogen atoms and the flexibility of ligands, conformational preference and altering the kind of halo-atom of ligands can change the nature and type of intermolecular interactions. Despite the presence of isostructurality in the studied compounds, structural diversity is also observed. The structural similarities of these isostructural compounds were interpreted via Hirshfeld surface fingerprint plots, Xpac, and unit cell similarity comparison. Synthon crossover of halogen interaction in coordination compounds of HgX2 was observed, and systematic investigation of halogen⋯halogen interactions utilizing energy calculation was performed. Halogen⋯halogen synthon crossover in coordination compounds has been investigated. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]