Search

The aim of this study was to evaluate the effects of oleuropein radiation protection and to find an effective radioprotector. Human mononuclear cells were treated with oleuropein at the concentration of 100 μM (optimum concentration), incubated for 24 h, and then exposed to 2 Gy gamma-rays. The anti-radiation effect of oleuropein was assessed by MTT assay, flow cytometry, comet assay, and micronucleus (MN) assay. It was found that pretreatment with oleuropein (25, 50, 75, 100, 200, 400, and 800 nM, and 1, 5, 10, 15, 20, 25, 30, 40, 50, 75, 100, 125, 150, 175, and 200 µM) significantly increased the percentage of cell viability compared to the irradiated group (p <.001). Moreover, oleuropein treatment with the above concentrations defined without gamma-ray did not show any cytotoxicity effect in human mononuclear cells. The LD50/24h dose was calculated as 2.9 Gy, whereas by 200, 150, 50, and 100 µM oleuropein prior to radiation (1, 2,and 4 Gy), radiation LD50/24h increased to 3.36, 3.54, 3.81, and >4 Gy, in that order. A very noticeable dose-modifying factor (DMF) of 1.16, 1.23, 1.31, and 1.72 was observed for 200, 150, 50, and 100 µM, in order. Therefore, 100 µM of oleuropein was selected as the desirable dose for radio-protection trial, and 2 Gy gamma-rays were used for further research. Human mononuclear cells treatment with oleuropein (100 µM) prior to 2 Gy gamma-rays significantly decreased apoptosis, genomic damage, and MN occurrence in human mononuclear caused by gamma-radiation (p <.001). Furthermore, treatment with oleuropein (100 µM) without radiation did not lead to apoptosis, genotoxicity, or clastogenic effects caused by oleuropein in human mononuclear cells. The results revealed that oleuropein is able to significantly reduce cytotoxicity, apoptosis, genotoxic, and clastogenic effects of gamma-rays. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Introduction: The organophosphate insecticides such as chlorpyrifos and diazinon have been widely used to control insects in home, agriculture, and veterinary. These compounds are a threat to public health and the environment; on the other hand, they have low degradation rate and therefore can be stable for a long time in soil. A major factor determining the fate of organophosphate insecticides in soil and water is biodegradation. Materials and methods: Two diazinon and chlorpyrifos degrading bacterial strains were isolated from pesticides contaminated soils. The isolated bacterial strains were identified by 16S ribosomal RNA gene and fatty acid methyl ester analysis. Results: Strong correlation was seen between microbial growth and the two organophosphates degradation. On average, bacterial strain 1 and 2 degraded 88.27% and 82.45% of initial applied diazinon in medium and degraded 81.07% and 88.35 % of initial applied chlorpyrifos during 20 days, respectively. The isolated bacterial strains were identified as Acinetobacter and Pseudomonas sp. The highest diazinon degradation were found by Acinetobacter and the highest chlorpyrifos degradation were found by Pseudomonas when cultivated in the mineral salt medium. Discussion and conclusion: The identified pure bacterial strains utilized chlorpyrifos and diazinon as a source of carbon. They were able to degrade most of the parental molecule in 20 days. Therefore, the isolated bacterial strains may have the potential for use in the bioremediation of diazinon and chlorpyrifos-contaminated soils. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]