Search

A população em situação de rua (PSR) é o grupo populacional que possui em comum a extrema pobreza, os vínculos familiares interrompidos ou fragilizados e a inexistência de moradia convencional regular, utilizando-se das áreas públicas como espaço de moradia e de sustento. Essas circunstâncias expõem as pessoas em situação de rua a diversos fatores de risco que ampliam sua vulnerabilidade, como a dificuldade de acesso às políticas públicas e de adesão ao tratamento de saúde. Neste escopo, esse estudo teve por objetivo analisar aspectos relacionados ao acesso aos serviços de saúde e o impacto que tem no adoecimento da população de rua, especialmente para as doenças crônicas. Foi realizada uma revisão integrativa da literatura, utilizando-se as bases de dados Scientific Electronic Library Online (SciELO), Literatura Latino-Americana e do Caribe em Cie?ncias da Sau?de (LILACS), PUBMED e Medical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System Online (MEDLINE), com os descritores “Populac?a?o em situac?a?o de rua”, “Doenc?as cro?nicas” e “Acesso aos servic?os de sau?de”. A amostra final foi composta por 12 publicações, sendo os dados analisados por seu conteu?do e categorizados de acordo com os nu?cleos tema?ticos. Dos estudos analisados, apenas 34% são nacionais. No que tange às vulnerabilidades sociais e suas implicações na saúde, 34% abordam a falta de moradia, emprego e alimentação como sendo os principais fatores de risco para o desenvolvimento de diversas patologias e até mesmo para o negligenciamento do tratamento de doenças crônicas. No que se refere ao acesso aos serviços de saúde pelos moradores de rua, 75% destacaram a dificuldade de acesso, especialmente à atenção primária. Ressalta-se também que 25% dos estudos relataram o preconceito como a principal dificuldade ao acesso. Em análise às doenças crônicas, 75% abordam o tema, dentre eles relatando-se maior prevalência, incidência, mortalidade e morbimortalidade pela PSR. Dentre as causas da situação de rua, é destacado fatores estruturais, como pobreza, desemprego, discriminação, encarceramento, doenças mentais, abuso de substâncias e experiências traumáticas. Além disso, é reforçado que a situação de rua se torna uma vulnerabilidade ao acarretar fatores de risco psicossociais para doenças cardiovasculares, como estresse crônico, depressão, etilismo pesado e uso de cocaína, sendo a falta de acesso à saúde uma vulnerabilidade comum dentro da heterogeneidade dessa população. Dentre os motivos para a dificuldade de acesso, é destacado o preconceito, a exigência de documentação, a restrição na demanda espontânea, os atrasos e longo tempo de espera, o limite na atuação intersetorial, a ausência de serviço de saúde no local, a dificuldade de transporte, a falta de conhecimento de onde obtê-los, além dos custos do atendimento. Quanto à epidemiologia de doenças crônicas, é observado maior prevalência, incidência, mortalidade e morbimortalidade prematura por doenças crônicas, assim como maior prevalência de suas complicações e morbimortalidade por doenças episódicas, em comparação com a população geral. Dessa forma, torna-se necessária a realização de mais pesquisas que avaliem o acesso à saúde por PSR, com metodologias capazes de individualizar as necessidades sociais, criando, assim, arcabouço teórico para elaborar políticas públicas que visem uma atenção à saúde de fato universal e eficaz.

The development of cognitive impairment may be related to high levels of plasma cholesterol and obesity. Simvastatin (SV) and lovastatin (LV) are drugs that can potentially be used for the treatment of cognitive deficit. This study aimed to develop and characterize lipid-core nanocapsules (LNC) containing SV (SV-LNC) or LV (LV-LNC), evaluating the effects of SV-LNC in an animal model of cognitive deficit. The formulations SV-LNC and LV-LNC presented a particle average size around 200 nm, a low-polydispersity index, and negative zeta potential. Analysis of differential scanning calorimetry, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, X-ray diffraction, and scanning electron microscopy showed that there is no reaction among LNC components: LV was crystallized in the suspensions, and SV was molecularly dispersed. The encapsulation efficiency of the SV was high (98.9 ± 1.4%), while that of the LV was low (21.5 ± 1.5%).Based on these results, SV-LNC was used in the preclinical studies. Animals fed with a hyperlipidic diet (HD) developed obesity, hypercholesterolemia, and cognitive impairment, which was corroborated by the brain lesions indicated by histological analysis of some of the animals that received the high-fat diet. We observed that free simvastatin (CS3) was able to reduce the enzymatic activity of pyruvate kinase, an important enzyme for brain energy homeostasis, without affecting the memory of the animals that received a standard diet. However, it failed to improve the cognitive damage caused by a diet high in cholesterol and saturated fats. On the other hand, when simvastatin is "camouflaged" in the lipid-core nanocapsules (HNS3), this cognitive impairment improves. Thus, SV-LNC is a promising alternative therapy for the treatment of cognitive impairment.

Introdução: Anomalias congênitas, defeitos ao nascimento e malformações congênitas são os termos usados frequentemente para descrever as perturbações do desenvolvimento presentes ao nascimento. Entre os fatores causais das anomalias congênitas, destacam-se: agentes infecciosos; agentes ambientais, como radiação; fatores mecânicos; e compostos químicos, assim como doenças maternas. Objetivo: Investigar a prevalência de anomalias congênitas e fatores associados em nascidos no estado do Rio de Janeiro, Brasil, no período de 2013 a 2016, por meio do Sistema de Informações sobre Nascidos Vivos (SINASC). Material e Métodos: Estudo transversal, quantitativo e de caráter descritivo, em que os dados foram coletados no banco de dados do SINASC e analisados pelo software Statistica 12.5 Enterprise. Resultados e Conclusão: De 2013 a 2016, notificaram-se 913.704 nascidos vivos no estado do Rio de Janeiro, dos quais 6.762 apresentaram alguma anomalia congênita, o que corresponde a 7,4 casos para cada mil nascidos vivos. Constatou-se que 33% dos casos notificados são de malformações congênitas do aparelho osteomuscular. Observa-se maior chance de anomalias em gestações em faixas etárias extremas (10 a 14 anos —OR 1,12) e 40 a 64 anos — OR 1,74); entre gestantes que não realizaram nenhuma consulta pré-natal e gestantes que realizaram apenas 1 a 3 consultas; e em gestação dupla (OR 1,16). Constata-se que o sexo masculino (OR 1,25), recém-nascidos com peso ao nascer de menos de 2499 g (OR 3,43) e gestações com duração menor que 36 semanas também são fatores associados à maior chance de anomalias congênitas. É de extrema importância o diagnóstico precoce das anomalias congênitas ao longo das consultas de pré-natal, com o objetivo de melhorar a qualidade de vida e reduzir índices de mortalidade infantil. Para isso, é necessário o incentivo à realização adequada de pré-natal e estudos futuros sobre a associação das anomalias com os fatores, especialmente faixa etária materna.

Objective Evaluate visual acuity and your relation to socioeconomic factors in students aged 6 to 15 years, enrolled in a public school located in Manaus, Amazonas. Study Design In the initial phase, all students that participated in activities related to health education, knew how the vision exam would happen, as well as were clarified about the importance of conducting the exam early. The exams were performed by an academic of medicine and another one of dentistry, in that public school was applied the Snellen Signal Scale for visual acuity, and the results were recorded on the appropriate form. Results Eighty students evaluated, 23.75% presented visual acuity changed in at least one eye, and then they were referred for consultation with ophthalmologist. It was observed there is no difference between the visual deficit and the following variables: family income, number of residents, parental education level, house type, and social classes. Conclusions This study serves to substantiate interventionist actions of public policies of health and education in an efficient way, besides enabling the improvement in the students’ quality life. Funding Support: Research Support Foundation of the State of Amazonas (FAPEAM) and University of the State of Amazonas (UEA).

Ameloblastoma is an odontogenic tumor that accounts for 1% of all facial tumors, is characterized by slow and painless growth, and is often diagnosed due to local volume increase or by routine radiography. A 34-year-old female patient attended the surgery service, reporting pain, dysphagia, dysphonia, and increased right hemiface volume for 10 years. Clinical examination revealed a large bulge in the right mandibular region, with firm consistency and palpation. Oral and lingual bulging caused tongue detachment, dental dislocation, and trauma in the lesion. Computed tomography revealed multilocular areas, bone expansion, and extension of the lesion to the contralateral molar region. An incisional biopsy was performed, which was diagnosed as a multicystic ameloblastoma with a plexiform pattern. The patient underwent immediate reconstruction of the area, using a customized acrylic resin prosthesis with a reconstruction plate 2.4. The patient is currently in the postoperative follow-up period, free of pain and rehabilitated with a total prosthesis.

2° LugarXI VARAL DE POESIA - 2015ENTRE VERSOS E BARROS: O CHEIRO DAS LETRASUNEMAT, CAMPUS DE SINOPFACULDADE DE EDUCAÇÃO E LINGUAGEMCURSO DE LETRAS

Objective:to analyze the implementation of a trauma registry in a university teaching hospital delivering care under the unified health system (SUS), and its ability to identify points for improvement in the quality of care provided.Methods:the data collection group comprised students from medicine and nursing courses who were holders of FAPESP scholarships (technical training 1) or otherwise, overseen by the coordinators of the project. The itreg (ECO Sistemas-RJ/SBAIT) software was used as the database tool. Several quality "filters" were proposed to select those cases for review in the quality control process.Results:data for 1344 trauma patients were input to the itreg database between March and November 2014. Around 87.0% of cases were blunt trauma patients, 59.6% had RTS>7.0 and 67% ISS7,0 e, 67%, ISS

Introduction: traffic accidents are one of the main causes of death and disability, with motorcyclists representing the great majority of both the victims and the perpetrators. Objective: this work studied the characteristics of motorcyclists injured in accidents involving motorcycles and automobiles. Method: this study sought to interview 100 motorcyclists who had been injured in collisions between motorcycles and automobiles, and who were undergoing emergency hospital treatment in the region of Belo Horizonte, Brazil. The questionnaires included demographic information (age, gender, skin color, education level, profession) and questions about years of licensed driving practice, how often they would drive an automobile, how long they had had a motorcycle driver’s license, how often they would ride a motorcycle, the number of prior accidents involving a car, and the number of prior accidents not involving a car. Results: of the 100 consecutive accidents studied, 91 occurred with men and 9 with women, aged between 16 and 79 (m = 29 ± 11) years. Regarding their reason for using a motorcycle, 83% reported using it for transport, 7% for work, and 10% for leisure. Most of these accident victims had secondary or higher education (47%). Of the motorcyclists who held a car driver’s license, 68.3% drove the vehicle daily or weekly and held the license for more than one year. Sixty-seven percent of the accident victims used a motorcycle daily and had a motorcycle driver’s license for at least one year. Conclusion: among the motorcyclists injured, most were men aged 20 years or older, with complete secondary education, and experienced in driving both motorcycles and cars, indicating that recklessness while driving the motorcycle is the main cause of traffic accidents.

OBJECTIVE: to verify the effectiveness of coconut water in preserving tissues for transplant. METHODS: Fifty male Wistar rats were randomly distributed in five groups, according to the following preservation solutions for tissue grafts: Group 1: Lactated Ringer; Group 2: Belzer solution; Group 3: mature coconut water; Group 4: green coconut water; Group 5: modified coconut water. In Group 5, the green coconut water has been modified like the Belzer solution. From each animal we harvasted the spleen, ovaries and skin of the back segment. These tissues were preserved for six hours in one of the solutions. Then, the grafts were reimplanted. The recovery of the function of the implanted tissues was assessed 90 days after surgery, by splenic scintigraphy and blood exame. The implanted tissues were collected for histopathological examination. RESULTS: The serum levels did not differ among groups, except for the animals in Group 5, which showed higher levels of IgG than Group 1, and differences in relation to FSH between groups 1 and 2 (p