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Background: Antithrombotic treatment with heparin together with antiplatelet agents reduces the incidence of ischemia in patients with coronary artery disease. associated with fewer adverse reactions. Aim: To evaluate and compare the clinical and obtained results of the use of enoxaparin and standard unfractionated heparin in patients with coronary heart disease. Methods: This is a non-invasive planned surveillance demonstration conducted at a tertiary hospital in Pakistan. Adult male and female patients with coronary artery infection (CAD) between the ages of 30 and 70 were recently analyzed or included patients with a history of heart cancer. The intermediate layer is injected with enoxaparin for 5 days. Resting the ECG position, prothrombin time, and ADRs were measured individually in all patients from 1 to 21 days. Result: Compared to the patient's unfractionated heparin, normal prothrombin times were generally higher (P and

Background:Lead harms haematological, biochemical, and hepatic parameters, hence studies have concentrated on antioxidants with therapeutic potentials. Objective: Induced hepatotoxicity and hemato-biochemical parameters in adult Wistar rats with Ocimum Gratissimum extract. Methodology: 42 adult Wistar rats were divided into seven groups of five. Group A was the control, Group B had 120 mg/kg lead, and Group C got 300 mg/kg OG. D and E had 120 mg/kg lead before 300 mg/kg and 600 mg/kg OG. Group F had 300 mg OG extract, then 120 mg lead, whereas Group G got 120 mg lead and 1000 mg ascorbic acid. The animals were then slaughtered and blood and liver tissues were taken for biochemical and histological investigation. Results: The outcome revealed a rise in Control but a drop in B. ALT, AST, GGT, and ALP levels were higher in Group B than in Control and other treatment groups (p≤ 0.05). As in Groups D, E, F, and G, histological investigation of liver tissues revealed degenerative alterations with localised necrosis and aggregated inflammatory cells in B. Conclusion: The extract of OG has the potential to be employed as a medicinal agent in the treatment of lead poisoning. Keywords: Hepatobiochemical; Lead; Liver; Ocimum gratissimum; Wistar rats; Parameters

Background: Metabolic syndrome is a disorder which is categorized by the presence of various features like hypertension, obesity, insulin resistance and dyslipidemia. One of the basic features of this syndrome is hypertension that may lead to increased incidence of cardiovascular incidents. Aim: To determine the gender based comparison of metabolic syndrome among the hypertensive patients who reported in the outpatient department. Study Time: The present study was conducted from January 2019 to June 2019 over a period of six months. Methods: Known hypertensive patients aged between 20 to 50 years who fulfilled the selection criteria were included in this study. After informed written consent, the physical examination and required laboratory investigation were done. The data was entered and analysed by using SPSS version 23 Mean±standard deviation was recorded for the quantitative variables while frequency was utilized for the qualitative variable. The p-value of ≤0.05 was taken as significant. Results: A total of 85 known patients of hypertension were included in the study comprising (70.12%) males and (35.40%) females. They were evaluated for the metabolic syndrome using the Adult Treatment Panel III- A (ATP –III A) criteria. Their blood pressure was recorded and fasting blood sample were taken to determine the levels of serum glucose, HDL-cholesterol and triglyceride. Conclusion: Metabolic syndrome is more prevalent in the hypertensive patients Keywords: Metabolic syndrome, Hypertension, Dyslipidemia

Background: Cigarette smoking alters inflammation indicators, which has been linked to cardiovascular disease as well as inflammatory disorders. The toxicity of tobacco has an effect on the oxygen saturation of haemoglobin. Total and differential leukocyte count (DLC), as well as oxygen saturation of haemoglobin, were measured in healthy smokers and nonsmokers in order to determine whether or not they were smoking. Methods: The participants in this cross-sectional study totaled 80 persons in good health. A questionnaire was utilised to gather information on smoking habits as well as anthropometric measurements such as height, weight, and body mass index (BMI). In order to count total and DLC cells in blood samples, the MS-9 automated haematological cell counter was employed. The fingertip pulse oximeter was used to test the oxygen saturation of the haemoglobin. Results: Compared to non-smokers, smokers had higher TLC (P

Background: Diabetes mellitus (DM) causes substantial morbidity and death in most organs. Osteoporosis is a metabolic bone disease. Type 2 DM is associated to osteoporosis and muscular weakness (T2DM). However, research on type 2 diabetes and its impact on BMD and handgrip strength is sparse (HGS). Methods: The research involved 130 people aged 25–60. This is the Quetelet index. HGS was measured using a handgrip dynamometer. HGS max kg and ET in seconds were recorded. A bone sonometer measured BMD at the tibia's distal end. The T-score and Z-score were used to examine the results. Results: In diabetics, BMI correlated with BMD and HGS max (P = 0.032). BMD correlated weakly with HGS max and ET. Non-diabetic men had greater HGS, whereas non-diabetic females had higher HGS and ET (P

Background: T2DM patients' cardiac autonomic function is different. Heart rate variability is diminished (HRV). Reduced HRV causes cardiac autonomic neuropathy and increased risk of SCD. Identifying high-risk T2DM patients can help avoid or postpone T2DM consequences. The Diabetes Risk Score questionnaire was created to analyze the patients. Aim: To study studied HRV in persons with different T2DM risk. Methods: Physiology Department conducted this experiment. It is a cross-sectional study involving 60 Patients. The RDS questionnaire will be completed by all participants. The RDS score puts them into Groups A, B, and C. 5 min short-term HRV will be measured in all three groups. The data were analysed using SPSS 23.0. ANOVA was used to compare the groups statistically. The variables were connected using the Pearson correlation test. Results: The post hoc (Dunn's) test demonstrated that HRV levels were considerably lower in high and moderate risk groups compared to mild risk groups. Conclusion: HRV levels declined with increased diabetes risk, showing a negative connection. Keywords: Autonomic Dysfunction Heart Rate Variability; Type 2 Diabetes mellitus

Background: A brief overview of the disease: Thyroid dysfunction is a common premenopausal ailment characterized by subtle signs and symptoms that may go unnoticed for a lengthy period of time. Female hypothyroidism is common in the older population. In patients with SCH, primary hypothyroidism is a prevalent consequence. Aim: To determine the prevalence of thyroid dysfunction and the associated clinical symptoms in premenopausal women who attended gynecology outpatient appointments. Methods: The purpose of this study was to determine the prevalence of thyroid dysfunction and its associated clinical symptoms in premenopausal women who were seen as outpatients in gynecology. The participants in this research ranged in age from 42 to 52 years. Thyroid function and blood cholesterol were measured in all of the SCH patients using an ELISA assay. Results: Seventy women between the ages of 42 and 52 participated in the research. Patients with menorrhagia accounted for 56% of all cases of menstrual disturbance in the study population. Women who experienced oligomenorrhea, a premenopausal symptom, accounted for 40% of the total. Thyroid impairment was shown to be associated with irregular menstruation (80% of cases) and weight gain (80 %). irritability and mood fluctuations (59 %) are common (70 %) Anxiety and depression are the most prevalent symptoms (58 %), followed by the loss of one's job. astonishment (6 % ) TSH levels were elevated in SCHs, while free T3 and T4 levels remained normal. There were 17 with SCH, 4 with hypothyroidism, and 49 with normal thyroid function. Seventy percent of individuals with SCH had hypercholesterolemia. Conclusion: Our findings encourage regular screening of premenopausal women, regardless of whether or not they are experiencing symptoms. Early detection and treatment of issues can help to avoid difficulties. Keywords: Thyroid dysfunction, premenopausal ailment, hypothoridism

The purpose of this study was to develop an in-vitro digestion protocol to evaluate the antioxidant potential of the peptides found in processed cheddar cheese using digestion enzymes. We studied first antioxidant and angiotensin converting enzyme (ACE) inhibition and antioxidant activities of processed cheddar cheese with the addition of spices e.g. cumin, clove and black pepper made from buffalo milk and ripened for 9 months. Then we conducted an in vitro digestion of processed cheddar cheese by gastric and duodenal enzymes. Freeze dried water (WSE) and ethanol soluble fractions (ESE) of processed cheddar cheese were also monitored for their ACE inhibition activity and antioxidant activities. In our preliminary experiments, different levels of spices (cumin, clove and black pepper) were tested into cheese matrix and only one level 0.2g/100g (0.2%) on the basis of cheese weight was considered good concerning sensory evaluation. Significant increase in ACE-inhibition (%) of processed Cheddar cheese as well as its WSE and ESE was obtained. Lower IC50 values were found after duodenal phase digestion compared to oral phase digestion.