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Background: Objective structured clinical examination has advantages over traditional oral examinationt of medical student. However, it is not routinely used in Chile. Aim: To describe the objective structured clinical examination system and report the results of its first use with Chilean medical students. Material and methods: Thirteen interns ware evaluated at the end of their surgical rotation, using the objective structured clinical examination. Thirteen stations were structured for this examination: one for history taking, two for physical examination, four for problem solving and knowledge, one for radiological interpretation, one for instrumental recognition, one for skills and one for text comprehension. There were a total of 88 questions. Results: All students exceeded 60% of requirements. Mean approval score was 73%. The higher score was 80% and the lower 61%. Ten students had a score over 70%. The method was well accepted by teachers and students. Conclusions: This first local experience with the objective structured clinical examination was successful (Rev Méd Chile 2000; 128: 1039-44).

Background: Objective structured clinical examination has advantages over traditional oral examinationt of medical student. However, it is not routinely used in Chile. Aim: To describe the objective structured clinical examination system and report the results of its first use with Chilean medical students. Material and methods: Thirteen interns ware evaluated at the end of their surgical rotation, using the objective structured clinical examination. Thirteen stations were structured for this examination: one for history taking, two for physical examination, four for problem solving and knowledge, one for radiological interpretation, one for instrumental recognition, one for skills and one for text comprehension. There were a total of 88 questions. Results: All students exceeded 60% of requirements. Mean approval score was 73%. The higher score was 80% and the lower 61%. Ten students had a score over 70%. The method was well accepted by teachers and students. Conclusions: This first local experience with the objective structured clinical examination was successful (Rev Méd Chile 2000; 128: 1039-44).

A wide pre- and postoperative immunological monitoring of B- and T-cell markers in children with medulloblastomas is presented. Preoperative investigations showed a noticeable failure of T-cell-dependent immunity, currently identified by "active" E-rosette forming cells (Ea-RFC) and blastogenesis tests, with a significant increase of spontaneous cell-mediated cytotoxicity (SCMC). In postoperative long-term controls, a slight recovery of Ea-RFC and blastogenesis tests was observed. The main findings concerning cytotoxicity kinetics are discussed.

Seventeen patients with well compensated chronic renal failure undergoing periodic hemodialysis were studied with regard to absolute number of T and B lymphocytes, spontaneous and PHA induced lymphocyte blastogenesis both with autologous and homologous compatible plasma. A normal lymphocyte count as well as a normal relative and absolute number of T and B lymphocytes was found in most cases. Spontaneous blastogenesis was normal. Lymphocyte response to PHA was reduced both with autologous and homologous plasma, but the depression was more relevant when autologous plasma was used in culture. The authors discuss these findings with respect to available data, particularly concerning inhibitory factors in uraemic plasma.

High fever, spleen and lymph node enlargement, and joint pains that assumed the character of rheumatoid arthritis in the ensuing months were noted after a viral hepatitis episode in a 21-year-old woman. Serious anaemia and myocarditis also appeared when the picture was at its worst. A lymphoma was suspected, and the spleen and some abdominal lymph nodes were removed. These displayed signs of intense follicular reaction unaccompanied by atypia. The possibility that juvenile rheumatoid arthritis may be triggered by hepatitis is examined.

Peripheral blood lymphocytes from a patient with chronic lymphocytic leukaemia of T cell origin were studied. The thymus derived nature of these lymphocytes was confirmed by surface markers, mitogen cultures, mixed lymphocyte reaction, cytotoxicity studies, and cytochemical stains. This case is notable for several clinical and laboratory findings. Among these, the benign clinical course, the reduced rate of serum immunoglobulins, the elevated number of active E rosettes, the increased PHA-induced response to low mitogen doses, the absence of PHA mediated cellular cytotoxicity, and the thy-like positivity to ANAE should be pointed out. Emphasis should be placed, however, on the loss of stimulatory ability in MLR. This last feature supports the hypothesis that these cells proliferate as a clone.

A preliminary report on the immunological monitoring of primary intracranial neoplasms is presented. The most important findings concerning B-cells and T-cells mediated immunity and delayed hypersensitivity reactions in this kind of patients, are discussed. Among the fairly significant immunobiological pictures, the Authors stress the "normal behaviour" of the B-cells dependent pool, the undebatable depression of the delayed hypersensitivity reactions, and the noticeable failure of the T-cell dependent pool, particularly marked in malignant gliomas, which are also characterized by the presence of cells with natural cytotoxic activity.

The present article reports on findings from a survey administered in (country anonymised) to a national representative sample of parents of children aged 0-8 around their sharenting behaviour. We first frame sharenting as a complex phenomenon where gendered, generational and agentic matters intertwine and mingle in complex ways. We then report results from a cluster analysis aimed at identifying different sharenting styles reflecting the scale and scope of parents’ sharing behaviour among our sample. The relationships between sharenting styles and parents’ socio-demographics, as well as parental practices of privacy management are further explored and reported. Altogether, findings provide insights into the experience of sharenting in family life pointing to a variety of sharing practices, while also showing first that sharenting represents a key site of identity performance for young mothers, and then how parents negotiate and manage related issues of agency and privacy., Italian Sociological Review, Vol. 13 No. 1 (2023)