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To report the incidence and the major risk factors (RFs) associated with preterm birth (PTB), combining both maternal RFs and cervical length (CL), and to understand if cervical length measurement is really useful in all the patients.The study population consisted of 2048 women admitted to the Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University Hospital of Messina, over a 2-year period. Preterm cases represented approximately 8.64% of our total population and, exactly, 65% were late preterm, 32% were preterm, and 3% were extremely preterm.An analysis of PTB sub-categories based on gestational age showed a stronger correlation between gestational age and CL among preterm and extremely preterm, while no correlation was found among late preterm. Between preterm cases and controls, there was a significant difference in pre-pregnancy weight and Body Mass Index (BMI). Moreover, a significant association between PTB and uterine anomalies, poli-oligodramnios and hypertension was found.We strongly suggest adding a transvaginal ultrasound CL universal screening to all pregnant women at the time of the second trimester ultrasound. We encourage further studies to identify new RFs of PTB and to define the mechanisms by which risk factors are related to PTB.

Preterm birth is a health and social problem, considered the leading cause of neonatal mortality worldwide. It is associated with higher rates of neurodevelopmental morbidity, sensorineural impairments and other complications. The aim of the study was to describe the incidence and the major risk factors associated with preterm birth. METHODS: We performed a single center, observational and retrospective Cohort study in the Division of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, University Hospital "G. Martino", Messina. Clinical records of all pregnant women who delivered from 1st January 2010 to 31 of December 2016 were collected. RESULTS: In the 7 years considered, a total of 7954 pregnant women were included in our study. The majority of all preterm births were due to infants born late preterm (71.83%), 26.45% were due to preterm and 1.72% to extremely preterm. The preterm cohort had a higher proportion of history of preterm delivery (p

Study Objective The primary aim of our study was to investigate the incidence of endometrial pathologies, especially endometrial cancer, in women with breast cancer treated with tamoxifen (TAM), aromatase inhibitors (AIs), or receiving no treatment (NT). The secondary aim was to identify, in this cohort, ultrasonographic findings that represent robust indications for hysteroscopy and endometrial biopsy, to avoid unnecessary second-level diagnostic procedures. Design Multicenter retrospective cohort study (Clinical Trial ID: NCT03898947). Setting Data were collected from different Italian centers: Regina Elena National Cancer Institute of Rome, Arbor Vitae Centre of Rome, Gaetano Martino University Hospital of Messina, and Villa Sofia-Cervello Hospital of Palermo. Patients We selected and consecutively included patients with a history of breast cancer who had undergone hysteroscopy for ultrasonographic or clinical indications between January 2007 and December 2016. Interventions Diagnostic hysteroscopy with endometrial biopsy or operative hysteroscopy, when clinically indicated. Measurements and Main Results A higher percentage of patients in the TAM and AI groups had a normal endometrium compared with those in the NT group, whereas the incidence of endometrial polyps was higher in the NT group than in the others; no significant differences were observed among the 3 groups for other benign conditions or for premalignant and malignant uterine diseases, such as endometrial atypical hyperplasia and adenocarcinoma. Conclusion TAM treatment does not seem to be associated with a higher rate of endometrial cancer in women with breast cancer compared with women treated with AIs or NT.