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Abdulelah M Aldhahir,1 Heba M Bintalib,2– 4 Munyra Alhotye,5,6 Jaber S Alqahtani,7 Omar A Alqarni,8 Abdullah A Alqarni,9 Khadijah N Alshehri,10 Ahmed H Alasimi,11 Reynie P Raya,12,13 Mohammed M Alyami,14 Abdallah Y Naser,15 Hassan Alwafi,16 Eidan M Alzahrani17 1Respiratory Therapy Department, Faculty of Applied Medical Sciences, Jazan University, Jazan, Saudi Arabia; 2Department of Respiratory Care, King Saud Bin Abdulaziz University for Health Sciences, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia; 3King Abdullah International Medical Research Centre, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia; 4UCL Respiratory, University College London, London, UK; 5Department of Respiratory Therapy, King Saud Bin Abdulaziz University for Health Sciences, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia; 6King Abdullah International Medical Research Centre, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia; 7Department of Respiratory Care, Prince Sultan Military College of Health Sciences, Dammam, Saudi Arabia; 8Clinical Technology Department, Respiratory Care Program, Faculty of Applied Medical Sciences, Umm Al-Qura University, Makkah, Saudi Arabia; 9Department of Respiratory Therapy, Faculty of Medical Rehabilitation Sciences, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia; 10Physical Therapy Department, Faculty of Applied Medical Sciences, Jazan University, Jazan, Saudi Arabia; 11Department of Respiratory Therapy, Georgia State University, Atlanta, GA, USA; 12Faculty of Science, Universitas ‘Aisyiyah Bandung, Bandung, Indonesia; 13Institute for Global Health, Faculty of Population Health Sciences, University College London, London, UK; 14Respiratory Therapy Department, Batterjee Medical College, Khamis Mushait, Saudi Arabia; 15Department of Applied Pharmaceutical Sciences and Clinical Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Isra University, Amman, Jordan; 16Faculty of Medicine, Umm Al-Qura University, Mecca, Saudi Arabia; 17Physical Therapy Department, Prince Sultan Military College of Health Sciences, Dammam, Saudi ArabiaCorrespondence: Abdulelah M Aldhahir, Respiratory Therapy De

Jaber S Alqahtani,1 Mohammed D AlAhmari,1,2 Hajed M Al-Otaibi,3 Saad M AlRabeeah,1 Noor A Al Khathlan,4 Abdulelah M Aldhahir,5 Abdullah S Alqahtani,1 Khalid S Alwadeai,6 Saleh S Algarni,7,8 Rayan A Siraj,9 Abdullah A Alqarni,3 Mohammed A Almeshari,6 Saeed M Alghamdi,10 Mohammed AlTaweel,11 Musallam Alnasser,1 Jithin K Sreedharan,1 Abdullah A Almojaibel,4 Mushabbab Alahmari,12 Yousef S Aldabayan,9 Bodor H Bin Sheeha,13 Fahad H Alahmadi,14 Abdullah S Alsulayyim,5,15 Eidan M Alzahrani16 1Department of Respiratory Care, Prince Sultan Military College of Health Sciences, Dammam, 34313, Saudi Arabia; 2Dammam Medical Complex, Dammam Health Network – Eastern Health Cluster, Dammam, 32245, Saudi Arabia; 3Department of Respiratory Therapy, Faculty of Medical Rehabilitation Sciences, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, 21589, Saudi Arabia; 4Respiratory Care Department, Imam Abdulrahman bin Faisal University, Dammam, 34212, Saudi Arabia; 5Respiratory Therapy Department, Faculty of Applied Medical Sciences, Jazan University, Jazan, 45142, Saudi Arabia; 6Rehabilitation Health Sciences Department, College of Applied Medical Sciences, King Saud University, Riyadh, 11451, Saudi Arabia; 7Department of Respiratory Therapy, College of Applied Medical Sciences, King Saud bin Abdulaziz University for Health Sciences, Riyadh, 14611, Saudi Arabia; 8King Abdullah International Medical Research Center, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia; 9Department of Respiratory Therapy, College of Applied Medical Sciences, King Faisal University, Al-Hasa, 31982, Saudi Arabia; 10Respiratory Care Program, College of Applied Medical Sciences, Umm Al-Qura University, Makkah, 24382, Saudi Arabia; 11Respiratory Care Department, AlMaarefa University, Riyadh, 13713, Saudi Arabia; 12Department of Respiratory Therapy, Faculty of Applied Medical Sciences, University of Bisha, Bisha, 67714, Saudi Arabia; 13Department of Rehabilitation Sciences, College of Health and Rehabilitation Sciences, Princess Nourah bint Abdulrahman Univer

Abdulelah M Aldhahir,1,* Munyra Alhotye,2,* Jaber S Alqahtani,3 Ibrahim A AlDraiwiesh,3 Saeed M Alghamdi,4,5 Abdullah S Alsulayyim,1,5 Abdullah A Alqarni,6 Shahad K Khormi,6 Eidan M Alzahrani,7 Ahmed M Al Rajeh,8 Yousef S Aldabayan,8 Rayan A Siraj,8 Naif A Tawhari,1 Faisal M Alhazmi,1 Ayat A Najmi,9 Khalid S Alwadeai,10 Hassan Alwafi11 1Respiratory Therapy Department, Faculty of Applied Medical Sciences, Jazan University, Jazan, Saudi Arabia; 2Department of Respiratory Therapy, College of Applied Medical Sciences, King Saud Bin Abdulaziz University for Health Sciences, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia; 3Department of Respiratory Care, Prince Sultan Military College of Health Sciences, Dammam, Saudi Arabia; 4Clinical Technology Department, Respiratory Care Program, Faculty of Applied Medical Sciences, Umm Al-Qura University, Makkah, Saudi Arabia; 5National Heart and Lung Institute, Imperial College London, London, UK; 6Department of Respiratory Therapy, Faculty of Medical Rehabilitation Sciences, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia; 7Department of Physiotherapy, Prince Sultan Military College of Health Sciences, Dammam, Saudi Arabia; 8Department of Respiratory Therapy, College of Applied Medical Sciences, King Faisal University, Al-Hasa, Saudi Arabia; 9Physical Therapy Department, Faculty of Applied Medical Sciences, Jazan University, Jazan, Saudi Arabia; 10Rehabilitation Health Sciences Department, College of Applied Medical Sciences, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia; 11Faculty of Medicine, Umm Al-Qura University, Mecca, Saudi Arabia*These authors contributed equally to this workCorrespondence: Munyra Alhotye, Department of Respiratory Therapy, College of Applied Medical Sciences, King Saud Bin Abdulaziz University for Health Sciences, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia, Email ma880@leicester.ac.ukBackground: Cardiopulmonary rehabilitation (CR) is an effective management approach for heart failure (HF) patients and is delivered by multidisciplina