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The general objective of this paper is to analyze how an ownership structure influences agency costs in financial institutions listed in B3. The methodological procedures are descriptive with a quantitative approach, and the sample is composed of 26 companies, analyzed in the period from 2014 to 2018. The data collection took place through a reference form for ownership structure metrics, while the metrics of the agency where given through the return on assets (TRA) and through the selling expense ratio (RDV) extracted from the financial statements. The results found indicate a positive relationship of 0.196 between the TRA variables and equity participation with a confidence level of 99%; and a positive relationship between the TRA and RDV variables of 0.380 was also identified, with a confidence level of 95%. The Wilcoxon-Mann-Whitney test of averages showed that companies with shareholding greater than 51% show averages equal to institutions with a shareholding lower than 51%, with regard to agency costs related to the TRA variable. Thus, institutions with greater ownership structure demonstrate better applicability of assets and, thus, lower agency costs; joint ventures have higher agency costs when compared to companies with individual control; and, finally, companies with a voting capital greater than 51% also have higher agency costs when compared to those with a share less than 51%. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The objective of this research was to analyze the practices in the management of the residues generated in the mining activities of kaolin, as well as their destination, knowing that the misdirection and management of the residues can generate environmental damages and, consequently, to acquire an obligation that is an environmental liability. The descriptive methodology used, with a qualitative approach using multiple cases. Data collection was performed locally through documentary analysis, as well as, through a questionnaire applied in November 2017. The sample was composed of three Mining Industries, specifically linked to the production of kaolin in the Seridó Paraibano-PB region. The results show that the impacts caused in the mining activity makes them feel at all stages of its production. Since the extraction, processing, production and disposal of the waste, it has also been verified that the method of storing the waste is piled up in the open, this practice is justified by the ease and economic viability for the companies. Regarding compliance with current laws, it was verified that the national solid waste policy - PNRS, due to the lack of knowledge of Law 12,305 / 10, was not adopted. The lack of training and qualification of managers regarding the efficient management of solid waste is concluded. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]