Search

Made available in DSpace on 2014-09-30T18:18:31Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 0 Previous issue date: 2013-12-01Bitstream added on 2014-10-01T14:03:25Z : No. of bitstreams: 1 S1516-635X2013000400005.pdf: 675457 bytes, checksum: 0aa49bf7d52a33fa13f1a5059d51d300 (MD5) Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico (CNPq) Black bone syndrome (BBS) affects poultry industry, and it is caused by the darkening of the tissue adjacent to the bone due to leak age of bone marrow contents during cooking. The objective of this experiment was to estimate BBS incidence in chicken thighs. A completely randomized experimental design, with two treatments (refrigerated or frozen) of 50 replicates each, was applied. The influence of BBS on meat quality was assessed according to bone lightness (*L), and meat appearance and sensorial characteristics. Lightness was measured using a colorimeter (Minolta® 410R) positioned on the proximal epiphyseal growth plate. Meat quality was evaluated after roasting by assigning scores for appearance (acceptable = no darkening, intermediate = little darkened, and unacceptable = severe darkening). Twelve refrigerated and 12 frozen thighs were used for sensorial analysis (adjacent muscle appearance, odor, tenderness, and flavor), assessed using a hedonic scale (1 = bad to 10 = very good) by trained panelists. Lightness was submitted to ANOVA and Tukey's test (p37.5=normal). The incidence of BBS was 35%,with a 16%increase thighs were frozen. Meat taste was not influenced by the treatments. Meat appearance, flavor, and tenderness were not affected by freezing or refrigeration, only by BBS degree. It was concluded that freezing increases the incidence of BBS and chicken thighs with bones presenting lower luminosity have worse meat quality. UFGD UNESP UFGD FCA UNESP

International audience; SrTiO3, SrTi0.99Nd0.01O3 and Sr0.99Nd0.01TiO3 thin films were synthesized by pulsed laser deposition at 700 °C on different substrates (silica, R-sapphire, (100) LaAlO3 and (100) MgO). The influence of Nd3+ substitution into the A and B sites of SrTiO3 perovskite on film growth was studied. The films were characterized by X-ray diffraction (θ-2θ, θ- and θ-scans), micro-Raman spectroscopy, UV-Vis spectroscopy and field-emission scanning electron microscopy. All of the films exhibited a (h00) orientation and high-quality epitaxial growth on LaAlOθ. The films grown on MgO, with the exception of the SrTiNd0.01O3 film, also exhibited a (h00) orientation. The polycrystallinity of the SrTi0.99Nd0.01O3 film may be related to the increased lattice distortion when Ti4+ was replaced with Nd3+. A polycrystalline growth was observed for all of the films deposited on silica and R-sapphire, as expected. The Raman results showed that Nd doping led to an increase in the short-range disorder. The morphology strongly depended on the nature of the substrate and on Nd doping, specially in the case of SrTi0.99Nd0.01O3.